RU2013325C1 - Hopper for loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: handling loose materials. SUBSTANCE: device has casing with conical bottom and discharge hole, activator including hollow cone capable of vertical reciprocations provided with ring, pipe, and connected to a source of gaseous fluid, elastic element of toroidal shape with annular slot, partition wall, additional pipe, hollow cylinder with stop member, and valve. The hollow cylinder has hole in its bottom. EFFECT: reliable operation of activator, capacity to control the frequency of vibrations of the activator. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for unloading bulk materials from silos and silos and can be used in the construction materials industry, mining, chemical and other industries using silos and silos for storage of bulk materials.

 A device is known for unloading substances from silos and similar devices. In this device, at a certain distance above the outlet, a baffle having a conical shape is installed on the crosspiece. A vibrating device consisting of electromagnets is attached to the inner surface of the conical partition. A vibrating device can change the oscillation frequency [1].

 The disadvantages of this device include the impossibility of a vertical reciprocating movement of the conical septum, which at a material pressure above the septum deprives the device of the possibility of influencing arch formation.

 Bunkers and silos known by the German company "Krupp Polisius" are known. These silos and bins are equipped with compressed air inside the material [2].

 The disadvantage of this device is that it gives an effect only for dry bulk material. When storing wet or freezing material, this device has no effect.

 A device for mixing and unloading bulk materials from the hopper, comprising a housing, an activator, which is a cone mounted on the pipe with the possibility of reciprocating movement and connected to a source of air supply. The cone is made perforated and covered with a filter mesh [3].

 The disadvantages of the device is the low efficiency when unloading bulk materials, unreliability in operation due to the design of the cone. Perforation after each pulse is clogged with particles of material, especially with high humidity. In addition, when the reciprocating movement of the particles of the material fall into the tube for supplying air, which over time will complicate the possibility of reciprocating motion and thereby reduce the efficiency of the device. The presence of perforation on the cone reduces the speed of the reciprocating motion.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the device.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the known device for unloading packed bulk materials from bins and silos, comprising a housing, an activator, which is a hollow cone, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement and equipped with a ring installed in its lower part, a pipe connected to a source the supply of a gaseous body, an elastic element, a partition located under the elastic element, according to the invention, the elastic element is made in the form of a torus having an annular gap along the inner perimeter, with the upper edge of the torus connected to the ring, and the lower one with a partition equipped with an additional pipe connecting the cavity of the cone to the atmosphere, a hollow cylinder mounted above the pipes, connected by a lower end to the partition, in the upper part is provided with a stop for the hollow cone, through the upper end of the cylinder cavity communicates with the cavity of the cone. An additional nozzle is equipped with a valve.

 As a valve, an electromagnetic valve, a spring-loaded seat valve with a cone lock, kinematically connected with a hollow cone, or a spool valve can be used.

 The execution of the elastic element in the form of a torus having an annular gap along the inner perimeter, the connection of its upper edge with the ring, and the lower one with a partition provides an increase in the stroke length of the hollow cone during reciprocating motion, which increases the efficiency of the device. The absence of holes in the toroidal elastic element prevents the bulk material from entering the activator, which increases the reliability of the device. The supply of the septum with an additional nozzle ensures communication of the cone cavity with the atmosphere and, in the presence of a valve, ensures reliable operation of the activator and allows controlling the oscillator frequency of the activator.

 The supply of the device with a hollow cylinder mounted above the nozzles connected by a lower end to the partition, and in the upper part by a stop for the hollow cone, provides rigidity and, consequently, the reliability of the activator design under pulsed loads.

 The communication of the cylinder cavity through the upper end with the cavity of the cone provides a normal uniform filling of the volume of the cavity of the cone with a gaseous body. In addition, the hollow cylinder itself is filled with a gaseous body, in the case of applying the energy of the combustible mixture, the hollow cylinder acts as a shock tube, directing energy to the top of the cone, which increases the efficiency of the activator.

 A comparable analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed solution differs in the form of execution of the elastic element, its relationship with other elements of the device, the presence of an additional nozzle with a valve connecting the cavity of the cone to the atmosphere, the installation of a hollow cylinder above the nozzles with an emphasis for the hollow cone, which ensures that the solution meets the criterion "Novelty". Comparison of the proposed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field did not reveal signs similar to those distinguishing the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that its criterion is “Significant differences”.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device with a disabled activator; in FIG. 2 - the same, when the activator is working.

 A device for unloading packed bulk materials from bins and silos contains a housing 1 with a conical bottom 2 and an unloading hole 3, an activator 4, including a hollow cone 5, mounted with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement, equipped with a ring 6, a pipe 7 connected to a supply source a gaseous body (not shown), an elastic element 8 in the form of a torus with an annular gap 9, a baffle 10, an additional pipe 11, a hollow cylinder 12 with a stop 13, a valve 14. The bulk material in FIG. 1 is indicated by 15 and the support by 16. The hollow cylinder 12 has openings 17 in the lower part that serve to better fill the cavity of the cone 5 and remove condensate from it.

 The device operates as follows.

 The housing 1 with a conical bottom 2 is filled with bulk material 15. The hollow cone 5 of the activator 4 is in the lower position (initial position). Bulk material 15 when unloading through the discharge opening 3 moves along the walls of the housing 1 and the normal operation of the hopper. In the case of the material 15 hanging in the hopper, the activator 4 is turned on. In this case, a gaseous body is supplied through the pipe 7, the hollow cylinder 12 to the hollow cone 5, which, as the internal volume of the hollow cone 5 is filled, creates excessive pressure, due to which the elastic element 8 and rise up the hollow cone 5 (Fig. 2). Then the valve 14 opens and relieves the pressure from the internal volume of the hollow cone 5 into the atmosphere. As a result of equalizing the pressure inside the hollow cone 5 with atmospheric pressure, the cone 5 moves down to the stop 13 under the weight of the bulk material 15, i.e., it occupies the initial position, and the valve 14 closes. The cycle is repeated until the normal flow of bulk material from the hopper begins. After that, the supply of the gaseous body through the pipe 7 is stopped.

 If the volume of the hollow cone 5 is filled with a combustible mixture without excessive pressure, the ignition of the combustible mixture is carried out using the igniter installed in the pipe 7 (not shown). At the same time, valve 14 opens. The ignition of the combustible mixture and its combustion create a sharp expansion of the gaseous body and increase the pressure in the volume of the hollow cone 5. As a result, the cone 5 moves up. After a sharp expansion of the gaseous body in the volume of the hollow cone 5, negative pressure (vacuum) occurs and the cone 5 under the influence of the bulk material 15 drops to the stop 13. Through the valve 14 and the additional pipe 11, air suction and the vacuum are eliminated. After that, the valve 14 closes. The cycle can be repeated until freezing of bulk material is eliminated.

Claims (2)

 1. BUNKER FOR BULK MATERIALS, comprising a housing, an activator, which is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement and connected by means of a pipe with a source of air supply, a hollow cone, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability in operation, it is equipped with reinforced in the lower part the cone by a partition, and on its inner surface by a ring, an additional pipe connecting the cavity of the cone with the atmosphere, placed in the cone by a hollow cylinder, the lower end of which is connected to the partition oh, and the upper one has an emphasis for placing a cone on it, and an elastic element installed between the ring and the partition and representing a torus with an annular gap along the inner perimeter, the upper surface of which is connected to the ring and the lower one - with the partition, while the outlet ends of the nozzles located in the cavity of the cylinder.  2. The hopper under item 1, characterized in that the additional pipe is equipped with a valve.

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