RU2011847C1 - Piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: engine has case 1, fixed bank of cylinders with pistons and rods, working shaft with two sloping cranks positioned along the axis of the bank of cylinders, and inclined bushings with pins movably mounted on the sloping cranks. Inclined washers pivotally connected with pins of inclined bushings and axles mounted in lugs which are movably coupled with longitudinal guides within the case and interconnected with ties having a synchronous rotation drive made of two worm wheels which engage with worms mounted on the common shaft. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building, and more particularly to axial piston internal combustion engines.

 Known axial piston engine comprising a housing, a fixed cylinder block with pistons and connecting rods, a working shaft with an oblique crank mounted on the shaft with axial movement, an inclined sleeve movably conjugated with an oblique crank, an inclined washer pivotally connected to an inclined sleeve and connecting rods , a mechanism for changing the axial position of an oblique crank with rollers equipped with levers and eccentrically arranged necks, some of which are articulated with an inclined washer, and others with a housing, moreover, Steps are pivotally connected with the control actuator and the rocker arm and the inclined sleeve conjugate movable along the axis of the articulations.

 The known device, which is the prototype of the invention, provides a simple and reliable, with minimal friction losses, regulation of the compression ratio in the engine cylinders.

However, this device has design features that can be defined as disadvantages:
regulation of the degree of compression is accompanied by the movement of the inclined washer along an arc of a circle with a radius equal to the eccentricity of the roller, while the washer moves relative to the inclined sleeve within the specified gap (of the order of 0.1... 0.15 mm), the specified gap is very small, however for fixing the power shaft in the transverse direction, it is necessary to install it in the main bearings;
eccentric rollers are mounted in cantilever arms of the cantilever, which causes distortions of the rollers under the action of gas pressure forces on the pistons and reduces the loading ability of the articulated joints between the rollers, rocker and the housing;
the rollers transmit forces from the pistons to the body parts, in the latter create a difficult stress state with bending and tensile deformations, which requires complicating the design of the body parts, increasing their strength and mass.

 The aim of the invention is to further improve the known device by eliminating these disadvantages.

 The goal is achieved by installing inclined washers by means of axes in the eyes, paired with longitudinal guides in the housing and interconnected by rods equipped with a synchronous longitudinal displacement drive, made, for example, in the form of threaded joints of the ends of the rods with eyes and mounted on the rods of the worm wheels conjugated with worms made on a common shaft.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the engine; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

 The engine comprises a housing 1, in which cylinders 2.3 are fixedly fixed with inlet windows 4, exhaust windows 5, pistons 6.7 with connecting rods 8.9, which are pivotally connected with inclined washers 12,13 with pins 10,11 and mounted turning on the fingers 14,15, fixed in the eyes 16,17, placed in the guides 18,19 longitudinal movement, fastened to the body. The eyes are connected by means of a thread to the ends of the rods 20.21, equipped with a control drive of synchronous rotation. Washers 12,13 are pivotally connected to the pins 22 of the inclined bushings 23,24, movably mounted on oblique cranks of the power shaft 25.

 Various shaft and crank options are possible.

 In one embodiment, the crank is made (similar to the prototype) in the form of a drum of relatively large diameter with rolling bearings, mounted with the possibility of axial movement on a direct power shaft.

 In another embodiment, the oblique crank is made directly on the crankshaft, and the inclined sleeve is mounted by means of sliding bearings on the oblique crank with the possibility of axial movement within the range of regulation of the degree of compression.

 In the third embodiment, the inclined sleeve mounted on an oblique crank is fixed in the axial direction. In this embodiment, which is shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the power shaft consists of two parts 25 and 25a, interconnected by means of a spline connection with the possibility of axial movement.

 The adjusting drive for synchronous rotation of the rods 20.21 can be made in the form of worm wheels 27.28 mounted on rods, for example, with pins 26 installed via angular contact bearings 29.30 in the housing and mating with worms 31.32 made on a common shaft 33. In this case, it is preferable to perform worms with the opposite direction of the helix and different thread directions at the ends of the rods connected to the eyes of one beam.

 Other control drive options available. For example, on rods, stationary installation of gears (sprockets) connected by a common chain is possible.

 The rods can be bent and connected to nuts mating with the ends of the screw having a thread of right and left directions (as in the prototype).

 The eyes of one inclined washer can be connected to the casing motionlessly, while the eyes of the other washer must have doubled (in comparison with the variant in Figs. 1 and 2) longitudinal stroke.

 The engine works like a prototype. Near the bottom dead center, through the windows 4.5, the working chamber of the cylinders is purged by 2.3 with a compressed air charge from the turbocompressor, then, when the pistons 6.7 meet the opposite motion, compression is performed, fuel is injected through the nozzle 34, the mixture spontaneously ignites and burns, and combustion products expand.

 When the engine is operating in variable modes, each mode corresponds to a certain optimal compression ratio, which is variable and generally increases with decreasing load.

 The degree of compression is controlled by rotation of the roll 33, while the rotational movement of the worm pairs 31,27 and 32,28 is transmitted to the rods 20,21, depending on the direction of rotation, the eyelets 16,17 and the associated inclined washers 12 are pulled or pushed apart by threaded connections, 13 with 8.9 connecting rods and 6.7 pistons; as a result, the volume of the combustion chamber and the compression ratio change. The control rotation of the roll 33 can be carried out in various ways: in stationary engines with a constant mode of operation, it can be done manually, in transport engines with a variable mode of operation, the drive of the roller can be kinematically connected with the fuel supply regulator, for example, with the rail of the fuel pump; the shaft can have an autonomous drive controlled by the optimal program by the on-board computer.

Technical and economic efficiency of the proposal is due to the following factors
the absence of play in the articulated joints between the inclined sleeve and the washer allows you to refuse to install the shaft in the main bearings, since the centering functions of the shaft provide Cardan joints with pins 22 and pins 14, reduce weight, increase reliability;
the installation of the rocker arm in the eyes with the unloading of the fingers 14 on two supports allows you to eliminate the cantilever arrangement of the fingers inherent in the prototype, to give the hinge the ability to self-install, reduce edge pressure, increase the load capacity and reliability of the hinge, reduce the diameter of the finger and friction loss;
traction 20,21, connecting the eyes and rockers and being loaded with tensile forces, provide the most effective "short circuit" of the most powerful forces acting in the engine, which allows you to unload the body parts from the mentioned loads, simplify their design, reduce weight.

Claims (3)

 1. PISTON ENGINE, comprising a housing, a fixed cylinder block with pistons and connecting rods, a working shaft with oblique cranks installed in the housing parallel to the cylinder axes, inclined bushings with pins mounted on oblique cranks, at least one inclined washer pivotally connected to the pins inclined bushings, a control drive with a screw thread and a worm wheel, kinematically connected with inclined washers with the possibility of moving the latter along the axis of the working shaft, and the piston rods pivotally connected with inclined washers, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and increase reliability, the engine is equipped with at least two eyelets with sliders and axes, at least one additional roller with screw threads in the opposite direction, guides whose symmetry axes are parallel to the working axis of rotation shaft, a synchronizing mechanism kinematically connected with the worm wheels of the rollers, the inclined washer pivotally connected to the axes of the eyes, and the sliders of the latter are installed in rails with the ability to move along their axes of symmetry and kinematically connected with additional rollers.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the eyes are connected to the rollers using sections of a screw thread in the opposite direction.  3. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with angular contact bearings installed in the housing and interacting with the worm wheels, and the synchronizing mechanism is made in the form of a shaft with worms that engage with the worm wheels.

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