RU2011392C1 - Method for evaluation of technical skill of sportsman in tennis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sport. SUBSTANCE: method consists in registering number of ball hits aimed at preset zone of tennis court and determination of ball average flight speed. Skill of sportsman is evaluated by number of balls hitting the preset zone at stable average speed of ball flight. The higher average speed of ball flight the higher skill of sportsman. EFFECT: higher accuracy. 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to sports, mainly table tennis, but can also be used in sports games with a ball, shuttlecock and puck with percussion and throwing actions on accuracy, such as soccer, volleyball, handball, tennis, badminton. It allows you to assess the degree of proficiency in techniques that give the ball, shuttlecock, and puck a solid flight path without significant rotation. In table tennis, these are the rolls and the final kicks.

 There is a method of assessing the quality of the serve in tennis, which consists in measuring the speed of the ball and registering the number of hits the ball in the playing field. Using this method, the quality of the feed is judged by the indicators of maximum, minimum and average speed.

 The disadvantage of this method is the inaccuracy in assessing the technical preparedness of athletes due to incomplete characteristics that do not take into account the accuracy of hitting at a given speed.

 The purpose of the proposed method for assessing the technical skill of athletes in tennis and table tennis is to increase the accuracy of assessing the degree of mastery of the game’s technical techniques with a flat ball flight path by controlling the stable average ball flight speed and assessing the accuracy of hitting the number of balls that fell into a given zone.

 To assess technical skill, an athlete performs a predetermined number of strokes in a certain technical way so that after the impact the ball flew at a speed no less than the specified one and fell into a predetermined area of the playing court. A hit is considered to be correctly performed if the ball fell into a predetermined area of the table at a flight speed of at least a given one.

 When assessing technical readiness with the help of sensors mounted in a racket and in the areas of the playing field where a tennis player is supposed to fall, the ball’s flight time is recorded. The value of time determines the flight speed of the ball, and the strength of the recorded signal is used to judge the accuracy of getting into a given zone. The degree of mastery of the technique for performing this type of impact is judged by the value of the average speed, its stability, by the mean square deviation from the average speed and the accuracy of getting into a given zone.

, а размеры зоны и скорости полета мяча определяются требованиями тестирования: уровнем подготовленности спортсмена и класса его игры. Задание может модифицироваться не только по виду выполнения технического приема, скорости полета мяча, величине зоны, но и по направлению полета мяча - вправо, влево, в середину игровой площадки, а также в одну или несколько зон с заранее оговоренной последовательностью.The number of specified strokes is determined by the requirement for accuracy of the assessment method

, and the size of the zone and the speed of the ball are determined by the testing requirements: the level of preparedness of the athlete and the class of his game. The task can be modified not only by the type of technical reception, the speed of the ball, the size of the zone, but also by the direction of the ball - to the right, left, in the middle of the playing court, and also to one or more zones with a predetermined sequence.

 In order to comply with the same testing conditions, the ball is served to the athlete by a training robot, who shoots the balls at a predetermined time interval at a certain speed in a given area of the playing field, or is attacked by a sparring partner.

 The result shown by the athlete can be compared with his previous result of a month or a year ago, which will show the growth rate of technical skill, or compared with the results of other athletes, which will make it possible to assess the level of his technical preparedness relative to the examined group of athletes.

In the proposed method for assessing the technical skill of athletes, the quality of the strikes is determined by the following interrelated parameters:
average ball speed with its standard deviation (σ) and
accuracy of hitting the ball in a given zone.

 Experimental data showed that between the accuracy of hitting the ball in a given area and its flight speed, there is a dependence through the efforts exerted by the athlete.

1+

·

+

(1) при условии, что α - расстояние от точки вылета мяча из пушки-робота до момента контакта ракетки с мячом, которое постоянно во всех случаях изменения скорости (V₁, V₂). При этом

- техническая ошибка спортсмена, выполняющего задание в идеальных условиях, или уровень подготовленности спортсмена на данный момент.This dependence of accuracy on speed can be represented as follows:
W _OSH =

1+

·

+

(1) provided that α is the distance from the point of departure of the ball from the robot gun to the moment of contact of the racket with the ball, which is constant in all cases of speed change (V ₁ , V ₂ ). Wherein

- a technical error of the athlete performing the task in ideal conditions, or the level of preparedness of the athlete at the moment.

, получают:

(2) при условии, что τ - это суммарное время, необходимое теннисисту для переработки информации, принятия решения и его реализации. Кроме того, τ - индивидуальное время, характерное для спортсмена определенного класса игры, и коррелирует с уровнем мастерства и степенью подготовленности спортсмена.Introducing the characteristic time τ =

receive:

(2) provided that τ is the total time it takes for a tennis player to process the information, make a decision, and implement it. In addition, τ is the individual time characteristic of an athlete of a certain class of the game and correlates with the level of skill and the degree of preparedness of the athlete.

в формулу (2), получают зависимость точности от скорости полета мяча
^Wош⁼

(3)
Кривая зависимости точности от скорости полета мяча состоит из трех участков: прямой - на малых скоростях точность высокая и определена освоенностью технического приема, линейной - (обратная зависимость), т. к. идет снижение точности попадания вследствие появляющихся ошибок техники, и квадратичной - при очень высоких скоростях полета мяча техника "ломается", и точность резко падает. При этом линейная зависимость точности от скорости полета мяча реализуется в следующем диапазоне скоростей:

V_мяча >

·V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{м}}$ _яча или

>V_мяча≥ 0
Нелинейная зависимость точности от скорости полета мяча проявляется при условии: V_мяча>

Пример конкретного применения способа оценки технического мастерства в настольном теннисе.Substituting Δt =

in the formula (2), get the dependence of accuracy on the speed of flight of the ball
^W OSH ⁼

(3)
The dependence of accuracy on the speed of flight of the ball consists of three sections: direct - at low speeds, accuracy is high and determined by the mastery of the technical technique, linear - (inverse relationship), since there is a decrease in accuracy due to emerging technical errors, and quadratic - at very at high speeds, the ball breaks, and accuracy drops sharply. Moreover, the linear dependence of accuracy on the ball’s flight speed is realized in the following speed range:

V _ball >

V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{m}}$ _cell or

> V _ball ≥ 0
A nonlinear dependence of accuracy on the speed of the ball is manifested under the condition: V _ball >

An example of a specific application of the method of assessing technical skill in table tennis.

 Athlete A.S. is asked to perform 10 rolls to the right of the right corner of the table diagonally with the maximum speed for his qualification, while it is necessary to get the ball into the zone - 25 x 30 cm, located in the right corner of the table (see table. 1).

 The distance in this test is 2 m 35 cm, average ball flight time 0.22 h, average flight speed 11.1 m / s, hit accuracy 80%. The result shown by the athlete A.S. indicates that at this stage of fitness, he cannot clearly differentiate muscle efforts in performing movements with high speed, as evidenced by the standard deviation of the average ball speed σ = 1,881 and a significant spread of speed indicators from 8 , 7 to 13.8 m / s. According to average indicators, the athlete A.S. can play quite stably and accurately, that is, he has a chance of success with an average ball speed of 11.1 ± 1.881 m / s. When playing an athlete at higher speeds, the effectiveness of his game will be significantly lower.

 The result shown by the athlete A. S. in February (Table 2) can be compared with his previous test result in December (Table 1).

 As can be seen from the table. 2, the athlete A.S. in February showed more stable indicators of the ball’s flight speed - a spread from 10.1 to 13.1 m / s with a standard deviation from the average speed of σ = 1.102, which indicates the tennis player’s entering a sports form. The average ball speed also increased from 11.1 to 11.6 ± 1.102 m / s in February, which indicates an increase in the sportsmanship of a tennis player. However, the accuracy of the hit remained the same. Thus, testing an athlete at certain stages of preparation allows us to evaluate not only his willingness to compete, but also the growth rate of technical and tactical skills.

 A comparison of the results of testing athletes with each other allows us to identify the level of their technical preparedness relative to each other and the average indicators of examinations of a group of athletes.

 So, in the table. 3 presents the results of testing athlete N.V. in the same test. Comparing the results of athlete A.S. (Table 2) and N.V. (Table 3), it can be noted that athlete N.V. has a higher average speed of the ball - 12.0 m / s and a higher hit accuracy - 90% than the athlete A. S., which indicates a higher level of his technical skill. This is confirmed by his athletic rank and the result shown at the championship of Moscow in age. However, N.V. at this stage is not in the best form of sport, as evidenced by the standard deviation from the average speed σ = 1.703 m / s and a large variation in the flight speed of the ball from 9.5 to 13.1 m / s.

 In addition, it is also possible, having assessed the accuracy of hitting at different given average speeds, to obtain an “athlete’s technical passport” that will give a more complete description of the athlete’s technical preparedness.

 Thus, the advantage of this method of assessing the technical skill of athletes in table tennis is the ability to more accurately differentiate athletes by the quality of various technical tricks (rolls and bumps), evaluate speed qualities and determine the level of a sports form. In addition, the use of this method allows testing more accurately and efficiently.

 This method of assessing technical skill can be successfully used in those sports where the relationship between the speed of the ball and hit accuracy is expressed by the same relationship, for example, in football, handball, volleyball, tennis, badminton, table tennis, etc.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR ASSESSING TECHNICAL SKILL OF ATHLETES IN TENNIS, which consists in registering the number of ball hits in a given area of the playing court from a limited number of strokes, ball speeds and performing a comparative analysis of these parameters, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of the score in table tennis, the assessment is carried out by the number of balls falling into a given zone with a stable average speed of their flight.

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