RU2010109418A - LIQUID BIOFUELS FROM COMPOUND ETHERS AND RELATED GLYCERIDES, AND ALSO THE WAY OF THEIR OBTAINING - Google Patents

LIQUID BIOFUELS FROM COMPOUND ETHERS AND RELATED GLYCERIDES, AND ALSO THE WAY OF THEIR OBTAINING Download PDF

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RU2010109418A
RU2010109418A RU2010109418/04A RU2010109418A RU2010109418A RU 2010109418 A RU2010109418 A RU 2010109418A RU 2010109418/04 A RU2010109418/04 A RU 2010109418/04A RU 2010109418 A RU2010109418 A RU 2010109418A RU 2010109418 A RU2010109418 A RU 2010109418A
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mass fraction
fraction
triglycerides
biofuel
monoglycerides
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RU2010109418/04A
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Петер АЙСНЕР (DE)
Петер Айснер
Михель МЕННЕР (DE)
Михель МЕННЕР
Андреас ШТЕБЛЕР (DE)
Андреас ШТЕБЛЕР
Андреас МАЛЬБЕРГ (DE)
Андреас МАЛЬБЕРГ
Михель ФРАНКЛ (DE)
Михель ФРАНКЛ
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Фраунхофер-Гезелльшафт Цур Фердерунг Дер Ангевандтен Форшунг Е.Ф. (De)
Фраунхофер-Гезелльшафт Цур Фердерунг Дер Ангевандтен Форшунг Е.Ф.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
    • C12P7/6445—Glycerides
    • C12P7/6458—Glycerides by transesterification, e.g. interesterification, ester interchange, alcoholysis or acidolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
    • C12P7/649—Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)

Abstract

1. Биотопливо, которое содержит по меньшей мере одну фракцию триглицеридов, одну фракцию моноглицеридов, одну фракцию диглицеридов и одну фракцию алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот в биотопливе меньше, чем массовая доля триглицеридов. ! 2. Биотопливо по п.1, отличающееся тем, что отношение массовых долей диглицеридов к моноглицеридам составляет ≥2. ! 3. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот составляет минимум 15% и максимум 35%. ! 4. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля триглицеридов составляет по меньшей мере 30%. ! 5. Биотопливо по п.4, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля триглицеридов выше 40%. ! 6. Биотопливо по п.5, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля триглицеридов составляет максимум 65%. ! 7. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля моноглицеридов составляет от 0,1% до 10%. ! 8. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля диглицеридов составляет от 4% до 30%. ! 9. Биотопливо по п.1, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот составляет от 20% до 25%, массовая доля триглицеридов - от 50% до 55%, массовая доля диглицеридов - 20% и массовая доля моноглицеридов - 5%. ! 10. Биотопливо по п.1, отличающееся тем, что биотопливо содержит добавку этанола в массовой доле до 2%. ! 11. Биотопливо по п.1, которое смешивается с ископаемым топливом, биодизелем или BTL-топливом. ! 12. Применение биотоплива по одному из предыдущих пунктов в качестве топлива для двигателей внутреннего сгорания. ! 13. Способ получения биотоплива по одному из пп.1-11 путем частичной переэтерификации тригл� 1. Biofuel, which contains at least one fraction of triglycerides, one fraction of monoglycerides, one fraction of diglycerides and one fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters, characterized in that the mass fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters in biofuel is less than the mass fraction of triglycerides. ! 2. Biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass fractions of diglycerides to monoglycerides is ≥2. ! 3. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters is at least 15% and at most 35%. ! 4. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of triglycerides is at least 30%. ! 5. Biofuel according to claim 4, characterized in that the mass fraction of triglycerides is higher than 40%. ! 6. Biofuel according to claim 5, characterized in that the mass fraction of triglycerides is at most 65%. ! 7. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of monoglycerides is from 0.1% to 10%. ! 8. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of diglycerides is from 4% to 30%. ! 9. Biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters is from 20% to 25%, the mass fraction of triglycerides is from 50% to 55%, the mass fraction of diglycerides is 20% and the mass fraction of monoglycerides is 5% ... ! 10. Biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the biofuel contains the addition of ethanol in a mass fraction of up to 2%. ! 11. Biofuel according to claim 1, which is blended with fossil fuels, biodiesel or BTL fuel. ! 12. The use of biofuels according to one of the previous paragraphs as fuel for internal combustion engines. ! 13. A method of producing biofuel according to one of claims 1-11 by partial transesterification of trigl

Claims (22)

1. Биотопливо, которое содержит по меньшей мере одну фракцию триглицеридов, одну фракцию моноглицеридов, одну фракцию диглицеридов и одну фракцию алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот в биотопливе меньше, чем массовая доля триглицеридов.1. Biofuels, which contains at least one fraction of triglycerides, one fraction of monoglycerides, one fraction of diglycerides and one fraction of alkyl esters of fatty acids, characterized in that the mass fraction of alkyl esters of fatty acids in biofuels is less than the mass fraction of triglycerides. 2. Биотопливо по п.1, отличающееся тем, что отношение массовых долей диглицеридов к моноглицеридам составляет ≥2.2. Biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass fractions of diglycerides to monoglycerides is ≥2. 3. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот составляет минимум 15% и максимум 35%.3. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of alkyl esters of fatty acids is at least 15% and a maximum of 35%. 4. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля триглицеридов составляет по меньшей мере 30%.4. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of triglycerides is at least 30%. 5. Биотопливо по п.4, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля триглицеридов выше 40%.5. Biofuel according to claim 4, characterized in that the mass fraction of triglycerides is higher than 40%. 6. Биотопливо по п.5, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля триглицеридов составляет максимум 65%.6. Biofuel according to claim 5, characterized in that the mass fraction of triglycerides is a maximum of 65%. 7. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля моноглицеридов составляет от 0,1% до 10%.7. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of monoglycerides is from 0.1% to 10%. 8. Биотопливо по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля диглицеридов составляет от 4% до 30%.8. Biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass fraction of diglycerides is from 4% to 30%. 9. Биотопливо по п.1, отличающееся тем, что массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот составляет от 20% до 25%, массовая доля триглицеридов - от 50% до 55%, массовая доля диглицеридов - 20% и массовая доля моноглицеридов - 5%.9. Biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters is from 20% to 25%, the mass fraction of triglycerides is from 50% to 55%, the mass fraction of diglycerides is 20% and the mass fraction of monoglycerides is 5% . 10. Биотопливо по п.1, отличающееся тем, что биотопливо содержит добавку этанола в массовой доле до 2%.10. Biofuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the biofuel contains an ethanol additive in a mass fraction of up to 2%. 11. Биотопливо по п.1, которое смешивается с ископаемым топливом, биодизелем или BTL-топливом.11. The biofuel according to claim 1, which is mixed with fossil fuels, biodiesel or BTL fuel. 12. Применение биотоплива по одному из предыдущих пунктов в качестве топлива для двигателей внутреннего сгорания.12. The use of biofuels according to one of the preceding paragraphs as fuel for internal combustion engines. 13. Способ получения биотоплива по одному из пп.1-11 путем частичной переэтерификации триглицеридов, где получают по меньшей мере одну фракцию триглицеридов, одну фракцию моноглицеридов, одну фракцию диглицеридов и одну фракцию алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот, отличающийся тем, что частичную переэтерификацию проводят так, чтобы массовая доля алкиловых эфиров жирных кислот в биотопливе была меньше, чем массовая доля триглицеридов.13. The method of producing biofuels according to one of claims 1 to 11 by partial transesterification of triglycerides, where at least one fraction of triglycerides, one fraction of monoglycerides, one fraction of diglycerides and one fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters are obtained, characterized in that the partial transesterification is carried out as follows so that the mass fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters in biofuels is less than the mass fraction of triglycerides. 14. Способ по п.13, отличающийся тем, что частичную переэтерификацию проводят так, чтобы отношение массовых долей диглицеридов к моноглицеридам было ≥2.14. The method according to item 13, wherein the partial transesterification is carried out so that the ratio of mass fractions of diglycerides to monoglycerides is ≥2. 15. Способ по п.13 или 14, отличающийся тем, что в качестве катализатора для частичной переэтерификации применяют связанные на подложке sn-1,3 региоспецифичные липазы.15. The method according to p. 13 or 14, characterized in that as a catalyst for partial transesterification, regi-specific lipases bound on a sn-1,3 support are used. 16. Способ по п.15, отличающийся тем, что частичную переэтерификацию проводят за несколько дискретных производственных циклов с поэтапным добавлением ферментов.16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that the partial transesterification is carried out for several discrete production cycles with the phased addition of enzymes. 17. Способ по п.13 или 14, отличающийся тем, что добавление спирта для переэтерификации проводят подстехиометрически.17. The method according to item 13 or 14, characterized in that the addition of alcohol for transesterification is carried out substoichiometrically. 18. Способ по п.17, отличающийся тем, что добавление спирта проводится непрерывно или в несколько этапов во время переэтерификации.18. The method according to 17, characterized in that the addition of alcohol is carried out continuously or in several stages during transesterification. 19. Способ по п.18, отличающийся тем, что при добавлении спирта в несколько этапов концентрация спирта не превышает 3 мас.%.19. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that when adding alcohol in several stages, the alcohol concentration does not exceed 3 wt.%. 20. Способ по п.13 или 14, отличающийся тем, что при переэтерификации сначала растворяют спирт в, по существу, свободной от липаз реакционной смеси, содержащей триглицериды, и реакционную смесь приводят в контакт с липазами как катализатором только после полного растворения спирта.20. The method according to item 13 or 14, characterized in that during transesterification, the alcohol is first dissolved in the lipase-containing reaction mixture containing triglycerides essentially free of lipases, and the reaction mixture is brought into contact with lipases as a catalyst only after complete dissolution of the alcohol. 21. Способ по п.20, отличающийся тем, что в реакционной смеси перед контактом с липазами устанавливают концентрацию спирта ≤5 мас.%.21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that in the reaction mixture before contact with lipases establish the alcohol concentration of ≤5 wt.%. 22. Способ по п.13 или 14, отличающийся тем, что частичную переэтерификацию проводят с растительным маслом или растительным жиром в качестве триглицеридов. 22. The method according to item 13 or 14, characterized in that the partial transesterification is carried out with vegetable oil or vegetable fat as triglycerides.
RU2010109418/04A 2007-08-13 2008-07-31 LIQUID BIOFUELS FROM COMPOUND ETHERS AND RELATED GLYCERIDES, AND ALSO THE WAY OF THEIR OBTAINING RU2010109418A (en)

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AU2008286538B2 (en) 2012-09-13
MY156560A (en) 2016-02-26
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WO2009021486A1 (en) 2009-02-19

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