RU2008334C1 - Method of producing hydrogenated fats and fatty acids on stationary catalyst - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fat-and-oil industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves the steps of: heating fat or fatty acids to a temperature of 190-200 degrees C, applying the heated fat or fatty acids and hydrogen into a zone of mechanical and electromagnetic action in which they are mixed to produce foam and are subjected to the action of electromagnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.1-0.2 T, applying the obtained mixture of fat and hydrogen into a column reactor comprising a stationary catalyst where hydrogenating process is conducted. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

Description

 The invention relates to the oil industry and can be used for the hydrogenation of fats and fatty acids.

Known hydrogenation process of vegetable oils or fats in a single apparatus of the three or four autoclaves with stirrers at a temperature up to 280 ^{° C} (Harutyunyan NS, Arisheva EA, Midsummer LI, Zakharov II, Melamud H L. Technology of processing fat. M.: Agropromizdat, 1985, p. 368). Autoclaves in the battery are connected in series by overflow pipelines. Each autoclave has a steam coil to create the required temperature, a hydrogen bubbler and a stirrer, the total volume of the autoclave is 12.5 m ³ , and the fill factor is 0.65. Refined oil or fat is fed into the first downstream autoclave of the battery, and an oil suspension of catalyst and hydrogen are simultaneously fed into each autoclave. The finished product (salomas) is discharged from the last in the course of the autoclave to the salomas, where the entrained hydrogen is separated. Next, the salomas are sent for filtration to separate the catalyst.

The disadvantages of this method are the large energy consumption for creation of high (up to 280 ° ^C) temperatures in an autoclave, the low battery capacity per unit reaction volume (0.17 t / m ³ h), most of metal equipment, mechanical grinding stirrers catalyst thereby difficult filterability salomas.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the duration of catalyst activity and reduce the excess hydrogen supplied to the reactor due to the fine dispersion of hydrogen in the fat volume with simultaneous electromagnetic action, followed by feeding the resulting foam to a column reactor having a stationary catalyst in which the hydrogenation process is carried out.

 This is achieved by the fact that the mixing of hydrogen and hydrogenated raw materials is carried out under the influence of an alternating electromagnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.1-0.2 T.

 The method is as follows.

The fat or fatty acid, heated to a temperature of 190-200 ^{° C} and hydrogen is fed to the zone of mechanical and electromagnetic effects, which are mixed to give a foam and subjected to an electromagnetic field with a magnetic flux density of 0.1-0.2 Tesla, then the resulting mixture of fat and hydrogen enters a column reactor containing a stationary catalyst, where the hydrogenation process is carried out.

 The technical effect is achieved due to the influence of the electromagnetic field on the reagents and mixing them to produce foam, which helps to increase the contact area of fat, hydrogen and catalyst, and, consequently, increase the rate of hydrogenation reaction.

 When an electromagnetic field is applied, the molecules of the reacting substances are activated, and the viscosity of the liquid-phase system also decreases, which contributes to a finer distribution of hydrogen in the volume of fat. The intensive hydrodynamic regime in the mixing zone creates shear forces and cavitation, this leads to a decrease in the size of hydrogen bubbles, and, consequently, to an increase in the contact area of fat, hydrogen, and catalyst. The combination of these factors and allows you to increase the inter-regeneration life of a stationary catalyst, to reduce the excess of hydrogen supplied to hydrogenation.

PRI me R 1. Fat or fatty acids, heated to a temperature of 200 ^about With, served in the mixing zone and exposure to electromagnetic fields, which simultaneously receives hydrogen. The mixing process is carried out in the zone of exposure to an alternating electromagnetic field with a magnetic induction of 0.1 T. Next, the resulting mixture of fat and hydrogen enters a column reactor containing a stationary catalyst, where the hydrogenation process is carried out at a temperature of 220 ^o C. The time of activity of the catalyst before its regeneration was 4 months. The excess hydrogen supplied to the reactor was 5 times higher than its hydrogenation rate.

PRI me R 2. Fat or fatty acids, heated to a temperature of 190 ^about With, served in the mixing zone and exposure to electromagnetic fields, which simultaneously receives hydrogen. The mixing process is carried out in the zone of influence of an alternating electromagnetic field with a magnetic induction of 0.2 T. Next, the obtained mixture of fat and hydrogen is supplied to the column reactor containing a fixed catalyst, wherein the hydrogenation process is carried out at a temperature of ^about 230 C. The time of the catalyst activity before its regeneration was 5 months. The excess hydrogen supplied to the reactor was 5 times higher than its hydrogenation rate.

 From the above examples it is seen that when hydrogenating fats and fatty acids using a stationary catalyst by the proposed method, the catalyst activity time is increased and the hydrogen supply rate decreases. When using the existing hydrogenation method, these indicators are 1-3 months and 6-10 times, respectively. (56) Fat processing technology. M., 1985, p. 368.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN FATS AND FATTY ACIDS ON THE STATIONARY CATALYST, providing for the mixing of hydrogen and fat and subsequent hydrogenation, characterized in that the mixing is carried out in the zone of exposure to an alternating electromagnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.1 - 0.2 T.