RU2007983C1 - Device for artificial respiration in extreme situations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: resuscitation of victims in emergencies. SUBSTANCE: device comprises flexible accumulating container connected by hose to mask and to air supply hose with one-way valve. Device has multicolored capsules with medicinal drugs for stimulation of heart activity. Said drugs are contained in transparent accumulating container. There is shut-off cock installed on hose between mask and accumulating container which latter has additional hole for communication with channel for delivery of air to the victim and is made as a hose-to-mouthpiece coupling. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, in particular to methods of recovery in an adverse environment (disaster area with high radiation, the focus of the use of chemical or bacteriological weapons, natural disasters, war).

 A known method of artificial respiration in extreme situations by supplying exhaled air by a lifeguard to the victim’s mouth or nose [1]. In this method, there is direct contact between the rescuer and the injured person (“mouth to mouth” or “mouth to nose”).

 The disadvantages of this method in many cases impede its use. The natural feeling of fear of touching the mouth of the dying person’s mouth, blood and dirt on the victim, the risk of contracting a serious or incurable disease (tuberculosis, syphilis, hepatitis, AIDS, poisonous agents in the lesion) - sharply limit the method.

 There is another method of artificial respiration by supplying air to the victim’s mouth from an elastic container, squeezed by the hand of a lifeguard [2,3,5]. Devices for such a method include a self-expanding elastic container connected on one side by a mask and an exhalation valve, and on the other hand, having an intake opening with a valve for suctioning atmospheric air into the container. The second method and devices for its implementation exclude direct contact, dangerous for infection, but provides the victim with atmospheric air unsuitable for maintaining life in extreme situations (smoke, dust, poisonous gases). In addition, there is a risk of infection of the victims themselves during mass resuscitation in the lesion. For the outbreak of mass destruction of the population, one-time resuscitation facilities are needed, devoid of these shortcomings.

 The purpose of the invention is the creation of a disposable expiratory device for artificial respiration, safe for the rescuer and the injured, more effective than all known analogues.

 This goal is achieved in that the air supply from the lifeguard is through an intermediate storage tank with a one-way flow, eliminating the ingress of infection and toxins to the lifeguard. To increase the efficiency of revitalization, the device is supplemented by the introduction of analeptics from the capsules through the mouth and respiratory tract of the affected person, which are emptied into the air supplied to the patient. The device is sterilized and placed in a sterile package for single use (in the zone of increased radiation or a focus of a dangerous infection, the release of toxic chemicals in industrial accidents). The supply of pacemakers through the respiratory tract during artificial respiration is known [3]. Such an appointment is performed situationally, with the impossibility of an injection. The claimed device immediately suggests artificial respiration and the introduction of pacemakers through a respiratory device so as not to waste time on injections. Internal injection may not be feasible in infants, very obese patients, with total environmental pollution, in the dark, etc. The time it takes for the analeptic to enter the blood from the mucous membranes of the mouth or trachea is much shorter than with intramuscular injections.

 Thus, the combination of the listed features of the claimed device for artificial respiration in extreme situations determines the inventive step, since it combines the advantages of known methods, eliminates the shortcomings, and stimulants of cardiac activity are introduced. Therefore, the effect of resuscitation is expected to be higher than when using known methods and devices.

 The drawing schematically shows a device for artificial respiration in extreme situations.

 The device consists of a storage tank 1, a durable plastic bag with a volume of 1-2 liters. On one side, a PVC hose with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 20-30 cm 2, with a stopcock 3 and a replaceable face mask 4 or replaceable air ducts 5 at the distal end, is suitable for it. On the other side of the tank there is a hose 7 with a one-way valve petal 6 and a mouthpiece 8 at the end for feeding air exhaled by the lifeguard into the tank.

 Artificial respiration to the patient is as follows. The lifeguard through the mouthpiece 8 with the closed shut-off valve 3 fills the container 1 with its exhaled air. At the same time, the flap valve 6 prevents the reverse air flow and the container is filled in a volume sufficient for several artificial breaths. A mask 4 is installed for the patient or an air duct 5 is inserted into the mouth. When the shut-off valve 3 is opened and the hand is pressed energetically on the walls of the container 1, air is forced out and goes into the patient's airways. In this case, inhalation occurs, and for exhalation, the mask is slightly removed from the face. Holding the mouthpiece with 8 teeth, the lifeguard periodically adds 1 air to the container to continue revitalization. In this case, the rescuer himself may be in a protective respirator or gas mask. The mouthpiece 8 can be easily connected to an oxygen cushion or other source of respiratory gas. The necessary stimulation of blood circulation during effective resuscitation is achieved by introducing color ampoules into the container, which are fixed in the walls of the transparent container. The desired capsule easily breaks through the wall of the container. The drug enters the mucous membranes of the mouth, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, from where it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and has a direct effect on the heart (adrenaline, atropine). The reflex effect of heart stimulation from the mucous membranes of the mouth is also possible.

 Clinical trials of the claimed device were carried out in the hospital of emergency and emergency care N 6, Simferopol in 1986-1989. The revitalization was carried out in 35 patients aged from several hours of life to 56 years, both exhaled air and oxygen from oxygen pillows. Of the analeptics, adrenaline and atropine were used. The current models of the claimed device were made from medical devices for other purposes (for example, a sterile urinal kit manufactured in India).

Based on literature and medical practice, the claimed device allows you to:
Carrying out resuscitation measures in any environment, including the disaster area, foci of epidemic, high radiation, using chemical or bacteriological weapons.

 To enhance the effect of resuscitation by stimulating blood circulation when they are applied to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract with subsequent resorptive or reflex action.

 Ensure the complete safety of the rescuer when reviving a patient affected by infection or poison.

 To provide the patient, when revitalized, with a rescuer himself warmed and purified by breathing. A reduced percentage of oxygen in the exhaled air does not interfere with recovery, while the presence of toxic agents in the atmosphere and other pollution makes recovery impossible.

 To provide any rescue units and the population with cheap, effective and safe means of resuscitation, which will really reduce the large number of victims in extreme situations.

The economic effect of the production of the claimed device is composed of the following data:
cheap raw materials (plastic film, hoses, masks);
low-cost production technology that allows for artisanal or semi-artisanal production;
a simple way of destruction and the possibility of remelting.

 Any resuscitation device used such as portable hand-held respirators is many times more expensive than the claimed device and less effective in extreme situations. The elimination of the acute shortage of means of revitalization by expanding the production of known devices is impossible, because it is economically unprofitable (high-quality elastic rubber, metal, environmentally friendly food-grade plastic, etc.). The claimed device can be mass-produced with minimal costs of natural raw materials, energy, labor. Elimination of material costs and time for injections during resuscitation are also favorable in economic and practical aspects. (56) 1. Darbinyan T.M., Zvyagin A.A. and Tsitovsky Yu.I. Anesthesia and intensive care at the stages of medical evacuation. M.: Medicine, 1984, p. 109.

 2. Francois J. et al. Emergency therapy, anesthesia and resuscitation. Kiev: Vishka School, 1984, p. 170.

 3. Safar Peter. Cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation. M.: Medicine, 1984, p. 62.

 4. Safar Peter. Cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation. M.: Medicine, 1984, p. 104.

 5. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 113748, cl. A 61 H 31/02, 1959.

Claims (1)

 DEVICE FOR ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IN EXTREME SITUATIONS, containing a flexible storage tank connected by a hose with a mask and a channel for supplying air to the victim with a one-way valve installed in it, characterized in that multi-colored capsules with medicinal preparations for stimulating cardiac activity are introduced into it, located containers made transparent, and a stopcock installed in the hose between the mask and the storage tank, in the storage tank is made up an additional opening for communication with the channel for supplying air to the victim, which is a connection of a hose with a mouthpiece.

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