RU2007146272A - SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING COAL IN GAS OF A SPECIFIC COMPOSITION - Google Patents

SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING COAL IN GAS OF A SPECIFIC COMPOSITION Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2007146272A
RU2007146272A RU2007146272/15A RU2007146272A RU2007146272A RU 2007146272 A RU2007146272 A RU 2007146272A RU 2007146272/15 A RU2007146272/15 A RU 2007146272/15A RU 2007146272 A RU2007146272 A RU 2007146272A RU 2007146272 A RU2007146272 A RU 2007146272A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
gas
gasification
zones
plasma
solid
Prior art date
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RU2007146272/15A
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Russian (ru)
Inventor
Андреас ЦАНГАРИС (CA)
Андреас Цангарис
Кеннет Си КЭМПБЕЛЛ (CA)
Кеннет Си КЭМПБЕЛЛ
Ди Майкл ФИСБИ (CA)
Ди Майкл ФИСБИ
Ке ЛИ (CA)
Ке Ли
Original Assignee
Пласко Энерджи Групп Инк., (CA)
Пласко Энерджи Групп Инк.,
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Application filed by Пласко Энерджи Групп Инк., (CA), Пласко Энерджи Групп Инк., filed Critical Пласко Энерджи Групп Инк., (CA)
Publication of RU2007146272A publication Critical patent/RU2007146272A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/005—Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/28—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues fully automatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
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    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
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    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/122—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing only carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides or oxides of alkali-metals (including Mg)
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    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/14—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic
    • C10K1/143—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic containing amino groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/32—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively adsorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/06—Modeling or simulation of processes
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
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    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
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    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1618—Modification of synthesis gas composition, e.g. to meet some criteria
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    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1621—Compression of synthesis gas
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/1646—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a fuel cell
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    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
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    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C10J2300/1675—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity making use of a steam turbine
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    • C10J2300/1693—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with storage facilities for intermediate, feed and/or product
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    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1869—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
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Abstract

1. Система газификации для ступенчатого преобразования угля в газ определенного состава и твердый остаток, причем упомянутая система газификации содержит: ! конвертер с огнеупорной футеровкой с некоторым количеством входов и некоторым количеством выходов, содержащий одну или больше зон газификации и одну или больше зон плазменного риформинга газа, причем каждая из одной или нескольких зон газификации предназначена для одной или больше операций сушки, испарения или преобразования обуглившегося материала в золу; ! один или больше плазменных источников нагрева для подачи регулируемой теплоты плазмы в одну или больше зон плазменного риформинга газа и ! интегрированную систему управления для измерения параметров системы и осуществления регулировок, влияющих на состав конечного газа, содержащую: ! средство для перемещения материала через одну или несколько зон газификации; ! средство для регулирования входного расхода сырья; ! средство для регулирования теплоты плазмы и ! средство для регулирования входного расхода добавок, причем регулировки основаны на измеряемых изменениях параметров системы для поддержания таких параметров в допустимых диапазонах с целью получения конечного газа определенного состава. ! 2. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что одна или больше зон газификации являются горизонтально ориентированными зонами газификации. ! 3. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что одна или больше зон газификации являются вертикально ориентированными зонами газификации. ! 4. Система по любому одному из пунктов 1-3, кроме того содержащая подсистему обработки твердого остатка. ! 6. Система по любому одному из пунктов1. A gasification system for the staged conversion of coal into gas of a certain composition and a solid residue, and said gasification system contains:! a refractory-lined converter with a number of inlets and a number of outlets, containing one or more gasification zones and one or more plasma gas reforming zones, each of the one or more gasification zones being designed for one or more drying, evaporation or conversion of char into ash; ! one or more plasma heating sources for supplying controlled plasma heat to one or more plasma gas reforming zones and! an integrated control system for measuring system parameters and making adjustments affecting the final gas composition, comprising:! means for moving material through one or more gasification zones; ! means for regulating the input consumption of raw materials; ! a means for regulating the heat of plasma and! means for adjusting the inlet flow rate of additives, the adjustments being based on measured changes in system parameters to maintain such parameters within acceptable ranges in order to obtain a final gas of a certain composition. ! 2. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the gasification zones are horizontally oriented gasification zones. ! 3. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the gasification zones are vertically oriented gasification zones. ! 4. A system according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a solid residue processing subsystem. ! 6. System according to any one of the points

Claims (1)

1. Система газификации для ступенчатого преобразования угля в газ определенного состава и твердый остаток, причем упомянутая система газификации содержит:1. The gasification system for the stepwise conversion of coal into gas of a certain composition and a solid residue, and the gasification system contains конвертер с огнеупорной футеровкой с некоторым количеством входов и некоторым количеством выходов, содержащий одну или больше зон газификации и одну или больше зон плазменного риформинга газа, причем каждая из одной или нескольких зон газификации предназначена для одной или больше операций сушки, испарения или преобразования обуглившегося материала в золу;a converter with a refractory lining with a number of inputs and a number of outputs, containing one or more gasification zones and one or more plasma gas reforming zones, each of one or more gasification zones intended for one or more operations of drying, evaporation or conversion of charred material into ash; один или больше плазменных источников нагрева для подачи регулируемой теплоты плазмы в одну или больше зон плазменного риформинга газа иone or more plasma heat sources for supplying controlled plasma heat to one or more plasma gas reforming zones and интегрированную систему управления для измерения параметров системы и осуществления регулировок, влияющих на состав конечного газа, содержащую:an integrated control system for measuring system parameters and making adjustments affecting the composition of the final gas, containing: средство для перемещения материала через одну или несколько зон газификации;means for moving the material through one or more gasification zones; средство для регулирования входного расхода сырья;means for regulating the input flow of raw materials; средство для регулирования теплоты плазмы иmeans for controlling the heat of the plasma and средство для регулирования входного расхода добавок, причем регулировки основаны на измеряемых изменениях параметров системы для поддержания таких параметров в допустимых диапазонах с целью получения конечного газа определенного состава.means for regulating the input flow rate of additives, and adjustments are based on the measured changes in system parameters to maintain such parameters in acceptable ranges in order to obtain a final gas of a certain composition. 2. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что одна или больше зон газификации являются горизонтально ориентированными зонами газификации.2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more of the gasification zones are horizontally oriented gasification zones. 3. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что одна или больше зон газификации являются вертикально ориентированными зонами газификации.3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more of the gasification zones are vertically oriented gasification zones. 4. Система по любому одному из пунктов 1-3, кроме того содержащая подсистему обработки твердого остатка.4. The system according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, in addition containing a subsystem for processing solid residue. 6. Система по любому одному из пунктов 1-3, кроме того содержащая подсистему кондиционирования качества газа.6. The system according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, in addition containing a gas quality conditioning subsystem. 7. Система по любому одному из пунктов 1-3, кроме того содержащая подсистему возврата тепла, причем возвратное тепло используют в ступенчатом преобразовании сырья.7. The system according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, in addition containing a subsystem of heat recovery, and the return heat is used in stepwise conversion of raw materials. 8. Система по любому одному из пунктов 1 -3, кроме того содержащая одну или несколько из:8. The system according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 3, further comprising one or more of: подсистемы обработки твердого остатка, и/илиsolid residue processing subsystems and / or подсистемы кондиционирования качества конечного газа, и/илиfinal gas quality conditioning subsystems and / or подсистемы регулирования конечного газа, и/илиfinal gas control subsystems and / or подсистемы возврата тепла, причем возвратное тепло используют в ступенчатом преобразовании сырья.subsystems of heat return, and return heat is used in the stepwise conversion of raw materials. 9. Способ преобразования угля в газ с определенным составом, причем упомянутый способ содержит следующие этапы:9. A method of converting coal into gas with a specific composition, said method comprising the following steps: a) создания системы газификации, содержащей конвертер с огнеупорной футеровкой с некоторым количеством входов и некоторым количеством выходов, содержащий одну или несколько зон газификации и одну или несколько зон плазменного риформинга газа, и интегрированную подсистему управления; причем каждая из одной или нескольких зон газификации предназначена для одной или нескольких операций сушки, испарения или преобразования обуглившегося материала в золу;a) creating a gasification system comprising a converter with a refractory lining with a certain number of inputs and a number of outputs, containing one or more gasification zones and one or more plasma gas reforming zones, and an integrated control subsystem; moreover, each of one or more gasification zones is intended for one or more operations of drying, evaporation or conversion of carbonized material into ash; b) ввода угля в первую зону газификации из одной или нескольких зон газификации;b) introducing coal into the first gasification zone from one or more gasification zones; c) ввода требуемых технологических добавок в первую зону газификации;c) introducing the required process additives into the first gasification zone; d) нагрева угля для получения первого отходящего газа и первого твердого побочного продукта;d) heating coal to produce a first off-gas and a first solid by-product; e) пропускания отходящего газа в первую зону плазменного риформинга газа из одной или нескольких зон плазменного риформинга газа;e) passing the exhaust gas to the first plasma reforming gas zone from one or more plasma gas reforming zones; f) нагрева отходящего газа с помощью плазменного источника теплоты;f) heating the exhaust gas with a plasma heat source; g) добавления требуемого пара для преобразования отходящего газа в синтез-газ; иg) adding the required steam to convert the exhaust gas into synthesis gas; and h) пропускания первого твердого побочного продукта из первой зоны газификации для дальнейшей обработки.h) passing the first solid by-product from the first gasification zone for further processing. 10. Способ по п.9, отличающийся тем, что этап (h) содержит:10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that step (h) comprises: i) пропускание первого твердого побочного продукта из первой зоны газификации во вторую зону газификации;i) passing the first solid by-product from the first gasification zone to the second gasification zone; ii) ввод требуемых технологических добавок во вторую зону газификации; иii) introducing the required processing aids into the second gasification zone; and in) нагрев первого твердого побочного продукта для получения второго отходящего газа и второго твердого побочного продукта;in) heating the first solid by-product to produce a second off-gas and a second solid by-product; причем второй отходящий газ соединяют с первым отходящим газом перед пропусканием в первую зону плазменного риформинга газа.moreover, the second exhaust gas is combined with the first exhaust gas before passing into the first plasma reforming zone of the gas. 11. Способ по п.10, отличающийся тем, что этап (h) кроме того содержит:11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that step (h) further comprises: iv) пропускание второго твердого побочного продукта в третью зону газификации;iv) passing a second solid by-product into a third gasification zone; v) ввод требуемых технологических добавок в третью зону газификации иv) introducing the required process additives into the third gasification zone and vi) нагрев второго твердого побочного продукта для получения третьего отходящего газа и третьего твердого побочного продукта;vi) heating a second solid by-product to produce a third off-gas and a third solid by-product; причем третий отходящий газ соединяют с первым и вторым отходящими газами перед пропусканием в первую зону плазменного риформинга газа.moreover, the third exhaust gas is combined with the first and second exhaust gases before passing into the first plasma reforming zone of the gas. 12. Способ по п.10 или 11, кроме того, содержащий следующие этапы:12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising the following steps: пропускание твердого побочного продукта в зону плавления;passing a solid by-product into the melting zone; нагрев твердого побочного продукта плазменным источником теплоты, кондиционирующим шлак, для преобразования упомянутого твердого побочного продукта в шлак и поддержания шлака в расплавленном состоянии;heating the solid by-product with a plasma slag conditioning heat source to convert said solid by-product into slag and keeping the slag in a molten state; удаление расплавленного шлака из зоны плавления и остывание расплавленного шлака для получения стекловидного шлака.removing molten slag from the melting zone and cooling the molten slag to produce glassy slag. 13. Способ по любому одному из пп.9-11, кроме того, содержащий процедуру корректирующей обратной связи, которая содержит один или несколько из этапа контроля состава конечного газа, этапа контроля расхода конечного газа и этапа контроля температуры конечного газа.13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising a corrective feedback procedure that comprises one or more of a stage for controlling the composition of the final gas, a stage for controlling the flow of the final gas, and a stage for controlling the temperature of the final gas. 14. Способ по п.13, отличающийся тем, что процедура корректирующей обратной связи, кроме того, содержит этап регулирования одного или больше из входного расхода угля, входного расхода технологической добавки для получения конечного газа определенного состава.14. The method according to item 13, wherein the corrective feedback procedure, furthermore, comprises the step of regulating one or more of the input flow of coal, the input flow of technological additives to obtain the final gas of a certain composition. 15. Способ по п.14, отличающийся тем, что процедура корректирующей обратной связи, кроме того, содержит этап регулирования одного или больше из входного расхода угля и входного расхода технологической добавки для учета измеренного изменения в составе конечного газа.15. The method according to 14, characterized in that the corrective feedback procedure, furthermore, comprises the step of regulating one or more of the input flow of coal and the input flow of technological additives to account for the measured changes in the composition of the final gas. 16. Система газификации для ступенчатого преобразования угля в газ определенного состава и твердый остаток, причем упомянутая система газификации содержит:16. A gasification system for stepwise converting coal into gas of a certain composition and a solid residue, said gasification system comprising: конвертер с огнеупорной футеровкой с некоторым количеством входов и некоторым количеством выходов, содержащий одну или несколько зон газификации и одну или несколько зон плазменного риформинга газа, причем каждая из одной или нескольких зон газификации предназначена для одной или больше операций сушки, испарения или преобразования обуглившегося материала в золу;a converter with refractory lining with a number of inputs and a number of outputs, containing one or more gasification zones and one or more plasma reforming zones of gas, each of one or more gasification zones is intended for one or more operations of drying, evaporation or conversion of charred material into ash; один или больше плазменных источников нагрева для подачи регулируемой теплоты плазмы в одну или больше зон плазменного риформинга газа;one or more plasma heat sources for supplying controlled plasma heat to one or more plasma gas reforming zones; несколько регуляторов системы, содержащих:several system regulators containing: регулятор для регулирования перемещения материала через одну или несколько зон газификации;a regulator for regulating the movement of material through one or more gasification zones; регулятор для регулирования входного расхода сырья;a regulator for regulating the input flow of raw materials; регулятор для регулирования теплоты плазмы и регулятор для регулирования входных расходов технологических добавок;a regulator for regulating the heat of plasma and a regulator for regulating the input costs of technological additives; интегрированную систему управления, содержащую: средство контроля системы для измерения одного или нескольких параметров системы с целью генерации данных, вычислительное средство для сбора и анализа данных, генерированных средством контроля системы, и выходное средство, сообщенное с вычислительным средством, для посылки соответствующих сигналов с целью осуществления регулировок в одном или больше из нескольких регуляторов системы;an integrated control system comprising: system monitoring means for measuring one or more system parameters for generating data, computing means for collecting and analyzing data generated by the system monitoring means, and output means communicated with the computing means for sending corresponding signals for implementing adjustments in one or more of several system adjustments; причем упомянутая система управления контролирует один или несколько параметров системы и посылает сигналы на соответствующие регуляторы системы для осуществления регулировок в одном или нескольких регуляторах системы с целью получения газа определенного состава.moreover, the said control system monitors one or more parameters of the system and sends signals to the corresponding regulators of the system to make adjustments in one or more regulators of the system in order to obtain gas of a certain composition. 17. Способ ступенчатого преобразования угля в газ определенного состава, причем упомянутый способ содержит следующие этапы:17. A method for the stepwise conversion of coal into gas of a certain composition, said method comprising the following steps: a) пропускание угля в первую зону газификации из одной или нескольких зон газификации в конвертере с огнеупорной футеровкой, причем упомянутый конвертер с огнеупорной футеровкой, кроме того, содержит одну или больше зон плазменного риформинга газа;a) passing coal into the first gasification zone from one or more gasification zones in a converter with a refractory lining, said converter with a refractory lining, in addition, containing one or more plasma gas reforming zones; b) ввод требуемых технологических добавок в первую зону газификации;b) introducing the required processing aids into the first gasification zone; c) нагрев угля для получения первого отходящего газа и первого твердого побочного продукта;c) heating coal to produce a first off-gas and a first solid by-product; d) пропускание отходящего газа в первую зону плазменного риформинга газа из одной или нескольких зон плазменного риформинга газа;d) passing the exhaust gas into a first plasma reforming gas zone from one or more plasma gas reforming zones; e) нагрев отходящего газа с помощью плазменного источника нагрева;e) heating the exhaust gas using a plasma heating source; f) добавление требуемого пара для преобразования отходящего газа в синтез-газ;f) adding the required steam to convert the exhaust gas into synthesis gas; g) пропускание первого твердого побочного продукта из первой зоны газификации для дальнейшей обработки;g) passing the first solid by-product from the first gasification zone for further processing; h) пропускание синтез-газа из первой зоны плазменного риформинга газа для дополнительной дальнейшей обработки с целью получения конечного газа иh) passing the synthesis gas from the first plasma gas reforming zone for further further processing to obtain the final gas and i) осуществление регулировок на одном или нескольких из этапов а)-h) в ответ на изменения в измеряемых параметрах для того, чтобы упомянутые параметры оставались в допустимых диапазонах, посредством этого получая конечный газ определенного состава.i) making adjustments at one or more of the steps a) to h) in response to changes in the measured parameters so that the said parameters remain within acceptable ranges, thereby obtaining a final gas of a certain composition.
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