RU200533U1 - Unmanned aerial vehicle receiving antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to antennas that can be integrated into the skin of unmanned aerial vehicles. The required technical result is to reduce the weight and dimensions of the antenna in order to increase the conditions for increasing the UAV payload. This technical result is achieved in a device containing half-wave vibrators, each of which contains two open arms, the length of each of which is equal to a quarter of the wavelength and which are made with the possibility of connection with the receiver, while these two half-wave vibrators are placed in parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage with the length of open arms corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation required carrier frequency, and the half-wave vibrators are made with the possibility of being connected to the receiver in parallel and are made of aluminum, which is filled with narrow recesses 1 mm wide and deep in the plastic from which the fuselage is made. 5 p.p. f-ly, 2 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to aerials for aircraft and can be used, in particular, as antennas that can be integrated into the skin of unmanned aerial vehicles.

Antennas are known from the prior art that can be used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

In particular, the onboard antenna of an unmanned aerial vehicle is known [RU 2715353, C1, H01Q 19/30, 02/26/2020], which contains a vertical reflector, an active vibrator and a director located in series and linearly located on the main metal plate, while the main metal plate is installed on a pedestal with a height of 0.16 λ in the upper part of the UAV fuselage, where λ is the wavelength of the radio signal, the metal base of the pedestal is rigidly connected to the metal surface of the UAV and provides electrical contact, the main metal plate is supplemented with a guide in the form of a metal plate inclined downward at an angle of 55 °, the trailing edges of which are rigidly connected to the leading edges of the main metal plate and provide electrical contact, and the leading edge of the pedestal base is rigidly connected to the leading edge of the metal guide plate and provide electrical contact.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the relatively large weight and dimensions and its effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of the UAV.

An antenna is also known for installation on unmanned aerial vehicles [RU 177950, U1, H01Q 19/36, 03.16.2018] and consisting of a short-circuited vibrator, an L-shaped thin metal cylinder for powering the antenna, a metal disk that acts as a "ground" , and a coaxial radio-frequency connector, and the antenna contains an end capacitive load in the form of a thin metal disk located at the top of the antenna and having a smaller diameter compared to the lower disk.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is also the relatively large weight and dimensions and its effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of the UAV.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is an antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles [RU 51791, U1, H01Q 21/24, 27.02.2006], made in the form of a phased antenna array and containing parallel-mounted slotted vibrator board, phase shifter board, multi-strip microwave line and a phase shifter control board with phase control terminals, while the phase shifters of the phase shifter board are made in the form of piezoceramic plates, the two opposite sides of which are provided with metallized coatings connected to the control terminals of the control board.

A feature of this phased antenna array is that the boards and the multi-strip microwave line are printed with layer-by-layer deposition of semiconductor, resistive and dielectric materials, as well as the fact that the piezoceramic plate is made of barium titanate (TB-1) or lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5H).

The disadvantage of the closest technical solution is the relatively large weight and dimensions, since all antenna elements, including slot vibrators, are made on a separate board, which is installed in the UAV, which requires its radio-transparent casing and which reduces the UAV's payload.

The task, which is solved in the utility model, is to reduce the weight and size of the antenna in order to increase the conditions for increasing the UAV payload.

The required technical result is to reduce the weight and dimensions of the antenna in order to increase the conditions for increasing the UAV payload.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that, in the antenna of an unmanned aerial vehicle containing half-wave vibrators, each of which contains two open arms, the length of each of which is equal to a quarter of the wavelength and which are made with the possibility of connecting to the receiver, according to utility model, two half-wave vibrators are placed in parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage with a length of open arms corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation of the required carrier frequency, moreover, the half-wave vibrators are connected to the receiver in parallel and are made of aluminum, which is filled with narrow grooves of width and a depth of 1 mm in the plastic of which the fuselage is made.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that two half-wave vibrators, placed in parallel along the long sides of the upper surface of the fuselage, are spaced between themselves at a distance of 25 mm.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the fuselage is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the length of the open arms of the two half-wave vibrators are placed in parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage is 47.6 mm, corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a carrier frequency of 1575.42 MHz.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the distance between the open arms of the half-wave vibrators is 5 mm.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the half-wave vibrators, placed parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage, are made with the possibility of connecting parallel to two half-wave vibrators, each of which is placed along the corresponding side of the fuselage with a length of open arms of 31.2 mm, the corresponding quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz, and the half-wave vibrators are made of aluminum, which is filled with narrow recesses in the plastic of which the fuselage is made.

The drawing shows:

figure 1 - vibrators placed on the upper surface of the fuselage;

in fig. 2 - vibrators located on the side surface of the fuselage.

The drawing indicates:

1 - UAV fuselage;

2- one-vibrators on the upper surface of the UAV fuselage;

3- one-shot on the side surface of the UAV fuselage.

The antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle contains two half-wave vibrators 2 located in parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage 1 with a length of open arms corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation of the required carrier frequency

Half-wave vibrators 2 are made with the possibility of being connected to a receiver (not shown in the drawing) in parallel and are made of aluminum, which is filled with narrow recesses 1 mm wide and deep in plastic, from which the fuselage 1 is made.

In a particular case, two half-wave vibrators 2, placed in parallel along the long sides of the upper surface of the fuselage 1, are placed between themselves at a distance of 25 mm, and the fuselage 1 is made of plastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.

In the antenna, the length of the open arms of two half-wave vibrators placed in parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage is 47.6 mm, which corresponds to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a carrier frequency of 1575.42 MHz, the distance between the open arms of half-wave vibrators 2 is 5 mm.

In addition, half-wave vibrators 2, placed parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage 1, are made with the possibility of connecting parallel to two half-wave vibrators 3, each of which is placed along the corresponding side of the fuselage with a length of open arms of 31.2 mm corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength electromagnetic radiation with a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz, and the half-wave vibrators 3 are made of aluminum, which are filled with narrow recesses in the plastic from which the fuselage 1 is made.

Manufactured one-shot, integrated into the fuselage of the UAV, as follows.

The plastic used for the fuselage is ABS plastic (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), one of the most common types of plastic both in industry and in additive technologies (3d printing). It has a number of useful properties, such as moisture resistance, temperature resistance, a wide range of operating temperatures (from -40 to +90 ° C), and low specific gravity. To confirm the resistance of coated ABS plastic to low and high temperatures, a series of experiments was carried out in which samples placed in an oven were heated to +50 ° C and cooled to -50 ° C. At the stage of development or modernization, a surface is selected on the UAV skin, preferably flat to simplify the configuration of the antenna array. The required antenna geometry is projected onto this surface. Then recesses are formed for their subsequent filling with a conductive compound, for example, aluminum.

If initially the casing on the unmanned aerial vehicle is not provided, then a thin-walled structure made of ABC-plastic is designed, acting as a casing, in which recesses are formed using the same technology for their subsequent filling with a conductive compound.

The antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle works as follows.

The antenna is designed to receive and transmit a signal via a coaxial cable with an IPX connector to a control module (for example, a GPS module or a receiver, depending on the configuration).

To expand the functionality, in addition to the main two monostable vibrators located on the upper surface of the fuselage, designed for signals with a carrier frequency of 1575.42 MHz, which corresponds to the L1 range of the spectrum of navigation radio signals of the GPS system, one more pair of monostable ones for a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz is placed on the sides of the fuselage, a common and 2.4 GHz band allowed for civil use. The monovibrators are connected in parallel with the receiver by means of a coaxial cable, duplicating each other. The choice of half-wave vibrators was made due to the radiation pattern of passive antennas of this type.

Thus, in the proposed utility model, the required technical result is achieved, which consists in reducing the weight and dimensions of the antenna in order to increase the conditions for increasing the UAV payload, since narrow strips of light electrically conductive material integrated into the skin are used as the antenna. In addition, the use of two additional one-shot on the sides of the fuselage expands the functionality of the antenna and ensures its operation at two carrier frequencies.

Claims (6)

1. An antenna of an unmanned aerial vehicle, containing half-wave vibrators, each of which contains two open arms, each of which is equal to a quarter of the wavelength and which are made with the possibility of connecting to a receiver, characterized in that two half-wave vibrators are placed in parallel along the long sides on the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage with a length of open arms corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation of the required carrier frequency, and the half-wave vibrators are connected to the receiver in parallel and made of aluminum, which is filled with narrow recesses 1 mm wide and deep in the plastic from which the fuselage is made. 2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that two half-wave vibrators, placed in parallel along the long sides of the upper surface of the fuselage, are spaced from each other at a distance of 25 mm. 3. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuselage is made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic. 4. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the open arms of the two half-wave vibrators are placed parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage is equal to 47.6 mm, corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a carrier frequency of 1575.42 MHz. 5. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the open arms of the half-wave vibrators is 5 mm. 6. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the half-wave vibrators, located parallel along the long sides at the edges of the upper surface of the fuselage, are made with the possibility of connecting parallel to two half-wave vibrators, each of which is placed along the corresponding side of the fuselage with a length of open arms 31.2 mm, corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz, and the half-wave vibrators are made of aluminum, which is filled with narrow recesses in the plastic of which the fuselage is made.

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