RU2002202C1 - Displacement divider - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to computer technology and allows to increase the accuracy of dividing large displacements. The displacement divider comprises a carriage, dividing blocks, a fastener, upper and lower positions of the fastener, three rollers, an axis, a spring, an abutment, a tape measure tape, guide rollers, a guide The output pin, the housing, the safety device, the cable block with a semicircular groove and a spiral spring. The attachment unit consists of a central shaft, collet, washer, screw, square nut and wing nut 1 cpf. 9 silt

Description

The invention relates to computing, in particular to analogue dividing devices,

Devices for dividing movements are known, for example, a proportional compass, which consists of two double-sided legs connected by a movable hinge, the position of which determines the coefficient by which the division is performed. A proportional compass is used to zoom when performing graphic work. Its disadvantage is the inability to use for division of large displacements exceeding one meter. A known division scheme consisting of an operational amplifier with a gain K, in the negative feedback of which a device is multiplied, multiplying the output signal of the amplifier by the signal of the denominator Z. Numerator signal X and the output signal of the multiplying device is fed to the input of the amplifier through resistors R. This circuit is described by the equation

Y x

1

"

With large K

v-Ј.

is described by equation Y C

TO

X2

The closest device adopted for the prototype is a multiplier divider, which consists of two carriages and a lever having longitudinal grooves. One carriage moves in the vertical guides, the other along the travelways, int. The carriages and levers are connected to each other by a finger. Device

Xi „

where k

- structurally constant; Xi and xa input displacements; Y is the output movement.

The disadvantage of this device is that when used for dividing large displacements, measured in meters, it must be itself unacceptably large. In addition, there is no protection against errors introduced by backlash and inaccurate setting of the division factor K.

The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the division of large-displacement,

This is achieved by the fact that in the motion divider comprising a lever, a carriage capable of moving along the guides

5 y

fifteen

twenty

25

thirty

35 AQ

45

50 55

and having a finger, 2z dividing blocks are introduced. forks with cylindrical surfaces, an attachment assembly, an upper position of an attachment assembly containing z holes, a lower position of an attachment assembly containing z holes, three rollers, an axis. a spring, an abutment, a tape measure tape, guide rollers, an output pin housing, a safety device consisting of a fastener fixed to the end of the tape measure tape, an earring and an axis made of soft metal located in the holes of the terminal and earrings, cable, block with a semicircular groove, coil spring, a hole is made in the upper part of the housing under which guide rollers are installed, a tape measure is passed into the housing hole between the guide rollers, sequentially covers all or part of the cases Depending on the required division ratio and with the aid of a fastening assembly fixed at its end, is fixed in one of the holes of the lower or upper fastening positions, also depending on the division ratio.

The upper position is located in the upper part of the housing, and the lower - in the upper part of the carriage, the radii of the dividing blocks from the first to the last are reduced according to the law Ni-1 Rr ttt, where Л is the distance between

vertical branches of the tape measure tape, and the vertical axis, on which the rotation axis z of the dividing blocks installed in the housing is obstructed, is shifted to the left by A / 2 with respect to the vertical axis on which the rotation axes z of the dividing blocks mounted on the carriage are mounted , the rollers have grooves in which the guides are located. The first two rollers are mounted directly on the carriage, and the third - at the end of the lever, which is worn on the axis. The end of the spring is fixed at the end of the lever near the roller, the other end of this spring rests on a stop. There are protrusions at the ends of the rails to limit the movement of the rollers, and the exit pin of the carriage protrudes from the lower hole in the housing. The cable is attached at one end to the housing, encompasses a block with a semicircular groove and is connected to a finger on the rear side of the carriage, located in the vertical slot of the housing and having a risk that functions as an arrow. The corresponding private scale is installed along the vertical slot in the housing, the spring is connected at one end to the cage of the block with a semicircular groove, and at the other to the housing, the housing has a flange in the lower part. designed to secure the travel divider at the installation site.

The fastener assembly consists of a central rod having thread on one side and a slightly taper extension, a collet having an external thread on a solid end, a body having an internal thread, a washer, a screw, a square nut and a wing nut. The housing has shoulders, longitudinal cuts are made in the collet, the position in which the fastener assembly is installed consists of z cylindrical holes whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the inserted part of the housing of the fastener assembly, on one side of the hole there are conical extensions whose taper is equal to the conicity of the central rod the collet is screwed into the housing of the fastener assembly, the central shaft is inserted into the axial hole of the collet. A washer is put on the protruding end of the central rod and a wing nut is screwed, a screw is inserted into the hole in the tide of the housing, inserted into the hole at the end of the tape measure and screwed into the nut, the fastener assembly is inserted into the hole at the installation position corresponding to the desired division ratio.

In FIG. 1 shows a travel divider tuned to, a cut; in FIG. 2 is a rear view motion divider; in FIG. 3 - safety device in assembled condition; Fig. 4 - safety device after operation; in FIG. 5 - tape tape fastener; FIG. 6 - tape winding onto the blocks and the position of the tape fastener in FIG. 7 is the same as in FIG. 8 - the same, with FIG. 9 - the same, with.

The displacement divider with (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of dividing blocks 1-4 with cylindrical working surfaces of the grooves, the upper position of the fastener assembly 5, the lower position of the fastener assembly with the fastener assembly 6 installed in it, carriage 7, rollers 8, 9 and 10, the lever 11, the axis 12, the spring 13, the stop 14, the tape measure tape 15, the guide rollers 16. the guides 17 and 18, the output pin 19. of the housing 20, the safety device 21. of the cable 22 installed in a vertical slot the body of the finger of the carriage 23, block with a semicircular groove 24, a coil spring 25.

The tape measure tape 15 ends at the outer end of the safety device 21, is passed into the hole in the housing, passes between the guide rollers 16 and sequentially covers

blocks 1. 2..3 and 4 or part of them, depending on the required division coefficient.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the case where all blocks are covered, which corresponds to a division factor of K -g - 5, where L X is the movement of the outer end of the tape measure tape 15. and D Y is the movement of the finger 19 of the carriage. The inner end of the rudder 10 of a precise measuring tape is connected to a fastener assembly, which can be installed in the lower (as shown in Fig. 1) position b, located on the carriage 7, or in the upper position 5, located on the back wall

15 buildings 20.

The position of the fastener depends on the set value of the coefficient K. In order to ensure the distance A between adjacent vertical branches of the tape measure tape, for which their contact is excluded, the radii of the dividing blocks are reduced from the first to the last according to the law

5 p, about A R i + i R i - tr.

and the vertical axis on which the rotational axes of the dividing blocks 2 and 4 mounted in the housing are placed is shifted to the left by D / 2 with respect to the vertical axis on which the rotational axes of the dividing blocks 1 and 3 mounted on the carriage are installed. Rollers 8 , 9 and 10 have grooves in which the guides 18 and 17 enter. The rollers 8 and 9 are mounted directly on the carriage 7, and the roller 10 is mounted on the CONCER growling a 11. which is worn on the axis 12. At the end of the lever 1 1 about roller 10 secured end of spring

0 13, the other end of this spring rests on a stop 14. At the ends of the guides 17 and 18 there are protrusions restricting the movement of the rollers 8-10. The finger 19 protrudes from the lower hole in the housing 20. His

5, the displacement D Y is the quotient of separating the displacements D X of the outer end of the belt 15 by the set division ratio K

fifty

.

A cable 22 is attached at one end to the housing 20, encompasses a block 24 with a semicircular groove, and is connected to a finger 23, which has a risk acting as an arrow. The corresponding scale Y is installed along the vertical slot of the housing 20. The spring 25 is connected at one end to

the cage of the block 24, and the other with the casing 20. The casing 20 has a flange-ets in the lower part, designed to be fixed at the installation site of the travel divider.

The safety device (Fig. 3) consists of a terminator 26, fastened with a rivet 27 at the end of the tape measure tape 15, an earring 28 and an axis 29 of soft metal threaded into the holes in the end ring of the earring.

The fastening assembly (Fig. 5) consists of a central rod 30 having a thread on one side and an extension with a slight taper (V 1: 8), a collet 31 having an external thread on a solid end, and a body 32 having an internal thread , washers 33, screws 34, square nuts 35, wing nuts 36. The housing 32 has shoulders 37. 8 collets have longitudinal cuts 38. The position in which the mount is mounted consists of cylindrical holes 39, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the insert part of the housing of the mount, on one side of the hole 39 and there are conical extensions whose taper is equal to the taper of the central shaft 30.

The collet 31 is screwed into the housing 32. The central rod 30 is inserted into the axial hole of the collet 31. A washer 33 is put on the protruding end of the central rod and the wing nut 36 is screwed. The screw 34 is inserted into the hole in the tide of the housing 32, threaded into the hole at the end of the tape measure tape 15 and screwed into nut 35.

The fastener assembly is inserted into the hole 39. corresponding to the desired division ratio. The number of holes 39 depends on the number 2z of dividing blocks 1-4. With four blocks, i.e. when, as shown in FIG. 1, two holes 39 are required on each of the fastening positions 5 and 6, with six dividing blocks () three holes are needed. The axis of the holes 39 are placed at intervals in L against the vertical branches of the tape 15.

The displacement divider is designed to expand the limits of the displacement transducer when examining the strength of engineering structures. The input is the movement X of the outer end of the tape measure tape 15, the output is the movement Y of the finger 19 of the carriage 7. When using the motion divider, the earring 28 of the safety device 21 is connected to the movable object, and the finger 19 is connected to the input of the displacement transducer.

The operation of the motion divider is as follows. The safety device 21, connected to the moving object, draws or pushes the tape 15. For definiteness, we consider the case when the tape 15 is pulled out of the housing 20 on the L-X. In this case, the L X is evenly distributed between the vertical branches of the tape inside the housing 20. FIG. Figure 1 shows the case when there are five such branches. Therefore, in order to make it possible to move L X, it is necessary to shorten the length of each branch

vi, equal. This reduction is due to the movement of the L Y carriage

OH

7 up on -g-. In this case, the pin 23 moves upward and pulls the spring 25 through the block 24. The block 24 reduces the movement of the upper end of the spring 25 by half. Thanks to this, a shorter spring 25 can be used. Thus

Ay-g-. When releasing tape 15 all

occurs in reverse order. The carriage 7 moves downward and the DX segment is evenly distributed between the same five branches. The movement of the carriage 7 in this case occurs under the action of the spring 25 and

- AH

equals AY -r-. It can be seen from here that the division coefficient K is equal to the number of vertical branches of the tape 15.

The following values of the division coefficient, 3,4,5, are possible, which depend on the winding of the tape 15 into blocks 1-4 and on the position 5 or 6, in which the tape measure fastening assembly is fixed (see Fig. 6-9).

The following measures have been taken to improve the accuracy of dividing by dividing blocks 1-4:

uniform movement of the set of movable dividing blocks 1 and 3 is provided with respect to the set of stationary dividing blocks 2 and 4.

For this, the dividing blocks 2 and 4 are installed in the housing 20, and the dividing blocks 1 and 3 are mounted on the carriage 7, which can be moved on the rollers 8-10 along the rails 1.7 and 18. In this case, the roller 10 is pressed by the spring 13 against the rails . Due to this, a horizontal play between the rollers and the rails is always selected. The carriage moves strictly along the guide 18.

A uniform fit of the flexible element to the dividing blocks 1-4 is ensured due to the use of a tape measure tape as a flexible element and the use of dividing blocks 1-4 with cylindrical groove surfaces.

There is no contact between adjacent vertical branches of the flexible member. This is achieved due to the proper choice of the radii of the dividing blocks 1-4 and the displacement of the geometric axis on which the rotation axes of the stationary dividing blocks 2 and 4 are located to the left by D / 2 from the geometric axis on which the rotation axes of the moving dividing are located blocks, due to the possibility of mounting the mount in the desired position at the upper and lower positions and thanks to the guide rollers 16.

The taut state of the tape measure tape is ensured, i.e. the play is selected in the vertical direction, thanks to the spring 25, the block 24 and the cable 22, which tend to move the carriage down.

Thanks to all this, the divisor pereX

substitution reproduces the dependence Y -rr

|

high precision.

To set the desired division coefficient K, you must:

wind a tape measure tape around the corresponding blocks from 1-4;

Place the mount in the upper or lower position.

The fastening assembly is installed as follows, the wing nut 36 is screwed to the end of the central shaft 30 (Fig. 5). By pressing the wing nut, the central shaft 30 extends from the collet 31 to the right and releases its clamp, which can be compressed. Pressing the housing 32, the collet and the housing are inserted into the desired opening 39 of the installation position and secured by tightening the wing nut. To remove the mounting unit from the hole 39, it is necessary to unscrew the wing nut and slide the central shaft .30. In this case, the collet 31 will be released, and the fastener assembly from the hole 39 can be pulled out from the shoulders 27.

The table shows the dividing blocks covered by the tape measure 15 and the mounting positions of the fastener assembly necessary to obtain the desired dividing ratios.

During strength studies, it is difficult to accurately determine the upper limit of displacement, Hmax. In addition, jerks are possible, for example, when the investigated structure is destroyed. In order to prevent the displacer from breaking under these conditions, a safety device 21 is fastened with rivet 27 on the outer end of the tape measure 15. When the force applied to the earring 28 is jerked or unacceptably large, the axis 29 is cut off and the device is separated from the test object. A scale (see Fig. 2) allows you to monitor the current state of the divider. In particular, if the direction of the future movement of D X is known in advance, then before the start of the tests the divider is set to one of the extreme positions (finger 23 above or below). Otherwise, you can select some middle position (finger 23 in the middle).

An advantage of the proposed motion divider is that it enables high precision accuracy to divide significant movements measured by several meters and has a variable but integer division factor.

High accuracy of dividing is achieved due to the provision of: uniform movement of the movable dividing blocks, uniform fit of the flexible element to the dividing blocks, no contact between the vertical branches of the tape, taut state of the tape measure tape.

The use of such a motion divider significantly expands the capabilities of the motion transducer into code, since instead of several transducers with different limits, one can do without and ensure that the conversion limits of the motion transducer are matched to the real displacement by setting the desired division factor on the displacement divider. For example, within the limits of converting a motion transducer to a code of 0-800 mm and a motion divider c, seven ranges of displacement are possible; m: 0-0.8; 0-1.6: 0-2.4; 0-3.2; 0-4.0; 0-4.8; 0-5.6 m.

The presence of an easily removable fastener makes it possible to quickly reconfigure the displacement divider to a predetermined division ratio.

A safety device protects the device from damage and thus extends its life.

The presence on the rollers of the carriage, the choice of play in two directions: vertically and horizontally, an elastic element in the form of a tape measure tape, cylindrical surfaces of the dividing blocks, the shift of the axes of the dividing blocks and guide rollers contribute to an increase in the accuracy of the movement divider

In addition, with otutaei. In order to ensure sufficient accuracy, the displacement divider of the displacement transducer into code over a large range must have large dimensions and, therefore, weight, i.e.

becomes a bulky device. The use of the divider makes it possible to dispense with the help of a device of relatively small dimensions,

A positive factor is that on the input side, i.e. very little force is required from the outer end of the belt to actuate the travel divider.

Due to this, the displacement divider does not create a significant load on the moving object and does not distort the experimental conditions for studying the strength of engineering structures.

(56) Smolov V.B., Lebedev A.N., Sapozhkov K.A. et al. Computing machines of continuous operation. M .: Higher school, 1964, p. 265, fig. V-2.

Claims (2)

1. A motion divider comprising a lever, a carriage that can be moved along guides and having a finger, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of dividing a large displacement, 2z dividing blocks with cylindrical surfaces, an attachment unit, an upper position of the assembly are introduced into it a fastener containing z holes, the lower position of the fastener assembly containing z holes, three rollers, an axis, a spring, an emphasis, a tape measure, guide rollers, an output pin, a housing, a safety device consisting of a terminal, fasten one at the end of the tape measure tape, earrings and axes made of soft metal located in the holes of the terminal and the earrings, cable, block with a semicircular groove, spiral spring, a hole is made in the upper part of the casing, under which guide rollers, tape measure passed in the housing hole between the guide rollers, sequentially covers all or part of the dividing blocks, depending on the required dividing ratio, and is fixed in one of nnyh on tape against the vertical branches apertures lower or upper attachment position, also depending on the dividing ratio, the upper position is located in the upper housing and the lower position is located in the upper part of the carriage, the radii living blocks from the first to the last are reduced by law R, + i Ri-f, where D is the distance between the vertical branches of the tape measure tape, and the vertical axis, on which the axes are placed the rotation z of the dividing blocks mounted in the housing is shifted to the left by D / 2 with respect to the vertical axis. on which the rotation axes z of the dividing units mounted on the carriage are mounted, the rollers have grooves in which the guides are located, the first two rollers are mounted directly on the carriage, and the third is mounted on the end that will find on the axis, the end is fixed near the roller on the lever end springs, the other end of this spring rests against a stop, at the ends of the guides there are protrusions restricting the movement of the rollers, the output finger of the carriage protrudes from the bottom hole in the housing, the cable is attached at one end to the housing, covers a block with a semicircular groove and is connected to the finger on the back of the carriage, located in the vertical slot of the housing and having a risk that functions as an arrow, corresponding to the private scale is installed along a vertical slot in the housing, the spring is connected at one end to the yoke of the block with a semicircular groove, and the other to the housing, the housing has a flange in the lower part for securing the divider puppies at the installation site. 2. The divider according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment unit consists of a central rod having Q threads on one side and, on the other hand, expanding with a slight taper, a collet having an external thread on a solid end, a body having an internal thread, washers , screw, square nut and wing nut, the case has shoulders, longitudinal cuts are made in the collet, the position in which the fastener assembly is mounted consists of z-cylindrical holes, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the inserted part of the housing of the fastener assembly, on one side e .f These holes have conical extensions, the taper of which is equal to the conicity of the central rod, the collet is screwed into the body of the mount, the central rod is inserted into the axial hole of the collet, the tongue is loose and the wing nut is screwed, a screw is inserted into the hole and the tide of the case threaded in 0 hole at the end of the tape measure and screwed into the nut, the fastener assembly is inserted into the hole at the installation position corresponding to the desired division ratio. 5 fff - & fg / e.Z & 57 & re / & 4 (rig. 5