RU2000010C1 - Mechanical wrench for tubes - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in drilling equipment and can be used in drilling rigs for screwing-unscrewing pipes during hoisting operations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a mechanical pipe wrench includes a housing housed in a drive by a driven crown, bent arms pivotally mounted on an annular support, and rams. Kulachkova coupling half mounted on the drive crown. In the guide half-coupling, there is a different cam coupling half connected with an additional drive located on the housing and with hydraulic cylinders integrated in the housing. The levers are interconnected by a link and mounted on one floating axis together with an emphasis spring-loaded relative to the link and the ring support. Dies with a spherical surface are mounted in levers and include crackers installed with the possibility of interaction with the driven crown. The dies are made with dummy working surfaces which in pairs form at least three sagi-braking angles. 11 ill. B

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling equipment and can be used in drilling rigs for screwing-up and unscrewing pipes during tripping.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability of pipe making.

In Fig.1 shows a top view of the key with a cutout on the cap: in Fig.2 - section BB in Fig.1 (along the axis of symmetry of the key); in Fig. 3 - section bb in Fig. 2 (along the driven crown and ring support); figure 4 is a section aa in figure 1 (on the cylinder lifting the coupling half and the axis of symmetry of the key); in Fig.5 is a section GG in Fig.Z (on a die with a spherical surface mounted by its spherical surface between two plates forming a lever); Figures 6,7,8 show kinematically the three positions of the dies and levers since the pipe was gripped (in Fig. 6 - the source, in Fig. 7 - the intermediate, in Fig. 8 - the final); in Fig. 9, the angles a, fl, y, in the image by the working surfaces of the dies, in Fig. 10 is a view D in Fig. 2 (locking of the annular support); 11 is a diagram of a stoporenich ring support.

The mechanical key (Figs. 1,2,3 and 4) consists of a housing 1 with a drive 2 mounted on it and rollers 3 and 4 mounted on it. On rollers 3 and 4, Pt houses and a crown 5 are installed with their coupling half mounted on it 6 having an annular guide 7. in which a cam half coupling is installed 8. Both cam iol couplings

go o o o o

about

about

7 and: coupled by cams 9. The rollers 3 fix the driven crown 5 with the cam coupling 6 fixed thereon from vertical movement, and the rollers 4 horizontally. In the colia rails 10 of the driven crown 5, a detachable ring support 11 is installed. In the rails 12 of the ring support 11, two detachable levers 13 and 1 A are installed, which are interconnected by a pivot axis 15. In the rails 16 of the lever 14 on the axis 15, the stop 17 is installed The axis 15 is installed in the guides 18 of the ring support 11. In the guides 19 of the levers 13 and 14, dies with spherical surfaces 20 are installed. Each of the levers 13 and 14 has a finger 21 connected to each other by a link 22 through its grooves 23 . Between the stop 17 and the wings 22 mounted springs 24, and the stop 17 is spring-loaded with a spring 25 relative to the annular support 11, the driven crown 5 is fixed with latches 26 with a hinge 27 and hydraulic cylinders 28 relative to the housing 1. On the driven crown 5 there is a cam profile 29 for interacting with the crackers 30 fixed. on dies with spherical surfaces 20. Dies with spherical surfaces 20 have working surfaces 31 and 32 (Fig. 3) and spherical surface 33 (Fig. 5). with which they are mounted on the guide rails 19 of the levers 13 and 14. Plunger hydraulic cylinders 34 (Fig. 4) are integrated into the housing 1, the rods of which abut against the cam coupling half 8, which can slide on them; which through spherical bearings is connected to an additional drive 35. The mechanical key is designed to work with a pipe 36, which is able to interact with the stop 17 and with the working surfaces 31 and 32 of the dies 20. The working surfaces 31 and 32 are made (Fig. 9) with by such angles of inclination relative to the axis of symmetry of 37 dies with spherical surfaces 20, which, when they are opposite to each other, form angles α, β, γ, smaller than the double friction angle (the angle providing self-braking). In the developed key, the angle R is 80 °, the angle I is 60 °. and the angles a .ft, y are respectively equal to each other and equal to 20 °. Provided that the material of the dies is steel, the working surfaces are corrugated, the friction coefficient is 0.3. which corresponds to a friction angle of 17 ° A, as angles a, ft.y less than twice the friction angle of 34 °, self-braking of the pipe 36 is ensured relative to the working surfaces 31 and 32 of the PLZShRK 20 N ring support 11

pin 38, which is located between the rods 39 (Fig. 10), pivotally connected to the housing 1. The levers 39 (Fig. 4) are pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinders 40, mounted on the housing 1 and having compression springs 42 on the rods 41. Between the levers 39, two limit switches 43 are installed. Next to the latches 26 (Fig. 11), limit switches 44 are located. They are connected by a link 45 to limit switches 43, which are connected via a communication line 46 to the solenoid 47 of the control valve 48 of the hydraulic cylinders 40. The levers 39 of the hydraulic cylinder 40 with springs "42 on the rods 41,

5, the limit switches 43 and 44, connected by links 45 and 46 to each other and the electromagnet 47 of the spool 48, serve to lock the ring support 11 relative to the housing 1. Said locking may

0 to be implemented by any other construction.

The mechanical key works as follows.

One of the screwed pipes is held in the borehole and a pipe nipple 36 (not shown) is installed in its sleeve. The key is installed until the pipe 36 comes into contact with the stop 17. Turn on the hydraulic cylinders 34, which raise the cam half coupling 8, disengaged the cams 9. Then turn on the hydraulic cylinders 28, which release the latches 26 and release the driven crown 5, including the end switches 44, the signal from which comes on the 45 k link

5 by the end switch 43. Turn on the drive 2, which rotates the driven crown 5. In this case, the ring support 11 by the finger 38 is held by one of the levers 39 with the force developed by the springs 42. Driven

0 crown 5, rotating relative to the fixed ring support 11, begins to act on crackers 30 with its cam profile 29 and rotate the dies with spherical surfaces 20 in the guide

5 19 until the working surface 31 of one of them and the working surface 32 of the other does not touch the pipe 36. With further rotation of the crown 5 of the die 20 by means of the pipe 36, I act on each other

0 working surfaces 31 and 32. deployed on the guides 19 in the opposite direction to the original position and this rotation will occur only when you move the levers 13 and 14 to the axis of the pipe 36, i.e. the end

5 of the second capture stage is the placement of the dies with spherical surfaces 20 along the initial axial line of the rough 36 but with all working surfaces 31 and 32 pressed against the pipe 36 so that the GGGK chig is such a position of the dies from the spheres -

By means of 20, the levers 13 and 14, hingedly connected to the axis 15, together with this axis 15 move along the guide grooves 18 of the ring support 11, compressing the spring 25. Moreover, when gripping the pipe 36, the working surfaces are 31.32 dies with spherical the surfaces 20 form the angles a, / 3.y, which in magnitude provide for self-jamming of the pipe 36 and its self-braking with respect to the working surfaces 31, 32 of the dies with spherical surfaces 20. When the pipe 36 is clamped with dies with spherical surfaces 20, torque developed by drive 2 on the leads Ohm crown 5 by means of dies with spherical surfaces 20, will begin to be transmitted to the pipe 36 and partially through the levers 13 and 14 and the axis 15 of the ring support 11. The spring force 42 will not be enough to hold the finger 38 with the lever 39, and the latter will rotate by compressing the spring 42 by moving the rod 41 into the hydraulic cylinder 40 and turning on the limit switch 43, and the ring support 11 will rotate along with the crown 5. When the lever 39 is turned and the rod 41 is pressed into the hydraulic cylinder 40, oil will come (not shown) from the rodless cavity of one cylinder 40, whose stock 41 will also be in givats, compressing the spring 42 and its rotating ry- second release lever 39. The signal from the limit switch 44, the duplicated signal limit switch 43 over link 46 to the solenoid 47 goes gidrozolotnika. The latter will switch over and the oil along the pressure line P will enter the flask cavities of both cylinders 40, and from the rodless cavities of the cylinders 40 will be directed to the drain T. The hydraulic cylinders 40 will move the levers 39 to a safe distance for the finger 38 to rotate. The rotation of the ring support 11 by the actuator 2 along with the crown 5 will occur until the low-torque pipe 36 is completed. Then the hydraulic cylinders 34 and the cam half coupling 8 are turned on with their own weight to lower to the cams 9 of the cam half coupling 8. The additional drive 35 is turned on, which in the initial position was in one of the extreme positions (depending on the operation being made, the screw unscrewing). The actuator 35 rotates the cam coupling 8 in the guide 7. It engages the cams 9 with the cam coupling 6 mounted on the driven ring 5 and, by rotating it, fixes the screwing of the pipe 36 to a high moment. The hydraulic cylinders 34 are turned on and the coupling half is lifted 8. The hydraulic cylinders 28 are turned off, which press the latches 26 against the driven crown 5. Then, drive 2 is turned to the other side at low speed. The driven crown 5, with its cam profile 29, releases the crackers 30 and the springs 24, through the wings 22 and the fingers 21, the levers 13 and 14 are pulled apart, and the spring 25 returns the axis 15 to its original position. The rotation of the driven crown 5 after separation of the dies with spherical surfaces 20 will occur together with the annular support 11 due to friction forces between them, until the latches 26 fix it. The latches 26 turn off the limit switches 44, the drive 2 stops. The signal from the limit switches 44 through the communication line 45 will disconnect the limit switches 43, and with them the electromagnet 47. The spool 48 will take its initial position by connecting the cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 40 as shown in Fig. 11. The springs 42 extended the rods 41 from the cylinders 40, levers 39 are turned and the ring support 11 is centered by the pin 38, because upon return, it was shifted relative to the plunger 5 during the disengagement of the dies with the spherical surfaces 20 with the pipe 36. The screwing is completed.,

The unscrewing of the pipes is reduced to the same operations as the unscrewing. The only difference is that after turning on the actuator 5 and gripping the pipe 36 with dies with spherical surfaces 20, the high moment is released using an additional actuator 35, and then the cam half couplings 4, 8 are disengaged, after which the actuator 2 further unscrews low moment.

The use of the proposed device in comparison with the prototype will improve the reliability of pipe make-up, which will ensure the safety of work in the well, reduce the cost of tripping.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A mechanical pipe wrench comprising a housing, an actuator housed therein, with a BRAINED BARCED arm, articulated on an annular support, and dies with a spherical surface are about the same. that with the purpose of increasing the make-up, it is a vnor, a backstage and a knot of pre-relocation-fastening of a threaded connected pipe made in the form of a cam coupling mounted on the driven crown, and another cam coupling made in the first cam coupling and mounted with the possibility of axial movement under the action of hydraulic cylinders built into the housing, and rotation under the action of the associated additional drive located on case, curved levers are interconnected by a link and mounted on one floating axis with a stop placed in guides made in one of the curved levers, spring-loaded relative but the wings and the annular support, while the floating axis is installed in the guides made in the annular support, the dies are made with two working surfaces, have crackers for interacting with the driven crown and are installed with spherical surfaces in curved levers with the possibility of forming at least three self-braking angles between the working surfaces. J5 25 5 eleven U ///// UU /// U //// U //////////// & Figure 1 23 / 7 1 fifteen eleven Fig.Z U 11 3 FIG. 6 And 33g .. 11 15 25 J2 7 FIG. 9 eighteen 26 T R T