RU199261U1 - Boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heat and power engineering and can be used in steam, power technology boilers and waste-heat boilers. The boiler contains a vertical flue (1) with a circular or regular polygon section, its walls are made of membrane panels (3). Inside the gas duct (1) there are pipes (4), (5), (6) of the internal heating surfaces. Each of the pipes (4), (5), (6) has vertical sections at the bottom that form screens (9). At the top, periodic sawtooth bends form a coil pack (10). A bypass gas duct (11) is located in the cavity formed along the axis of the gas duct (1) by a package of coils (10). The bypass flue (11) connects the lower part of the flue (1) with the outlet flue (12) with a gas valve system (13). Pipes (4), (5), (6) are located in annular collectors (7) and (8) alternately in one pass (pipe 4) and in two passes (pipes 5, 6) and are interconnected by plates (14). When located in two passes in the package of coils (10), the pipes (6) at the point of abutment to the membrane panels (3) have a vertical straight section for attaching the panels to the pipes through the strip (15). Vertical sections of pipes (4), (5), (6) of screens (9) are interconnected at the same distance through strips (16). All pipes (4,) (5), (6) differ in shape and length, depending on the location of each pipe. Outside, the flue (1) is surrounded by a tubular frame (17). Recirculation pipes (18) are located along the entire contour in the cavity between the gas duct (1) and the tubular frame (17). At the bottom, the tubular frame (17) is connected to the lower annular manifold (7). In the upper part of the tubular frame (17) there are supply pipes (19), and on the upper annular collector (8) there are outlet pipes (20). Improvement of circulation in the evaporating surfaces of the boiler heating is provided with their more dense placement in the volume of the gas duct. 11 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to heat and power engineering and can be used in steam, power technology boilers and waste-heat boilers.

Known boiler containing a vertical gas duct formed by screens with upper and lower collectors, and placed in the gas duct screens, each of which is made of pipes with vertical sections located on a line passing through the center of the gas duct to its periphery, and connected by radial sections of pipes with collectors , as well as convective coils located in the gas duct after the screens along the flow of gases (AS USSR No. 840555 from 20.02.1981, publ. 23.06.1981).

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a boiler containing a vertical flue formed by membrane panels with vertical pipes connected to each other along the circumference, and screens with vertical pipe sections and convection serpentine coils connected by radial pipe sections located in the flue gas duct with annular collectors. This boiler has a vertical layout of a circular cross-section, which is due to its operation under a pressurization of ~ 0.5 bar and the toxicity of sulfur dioxide formed during the combustion of sulfur (Waste heat boilers and power technology boilers. Industry catalog. Moscow, TsNIITEITYAZHMASH, p. 65 “Power technology boiler RKS-75 / 40 ", Fig. 33, 1990).

The disadvantage of the known boiler design is that the pipes of convective and screen heating surfaces are located in one pass, this limits its modernization potential for increasing the power of the installation, since a significant part of the circulating steam-water mixture goes through the membrane panels of the walls, when, as the main heat perception occurs in convective pipes and screen heating surfaces. An increase in power by increasing the heating surface due to the height of the gas duct and the number of coil entries leads to an unacceptable decrease in the circulation speed in the coils. In addition, pipes of convective and screen heating surfaces along the height of the membrane wall screens have to be fixed by hanging them from the bends of the coils using hooks that are inserted into holes made in the membrane panels.

The technical result of the utility model is to improve circulation in the evaporator heating surfaces of the boiler with their more dense placement in the volume of the gas duct.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a boiler containing a vertical flue formed by membrane panels with vertical pipes connected to each other along the circumference, and placed in the flue with screens with vertical pipe sections and convection serpentine coils connected by radial pipe sections with annular collectors, according to utility model, pipes of screens and coils with annular collectors are connected in a staggered manner with alternation in one and two passes, and are connected to each other by strips and plates, as well as to the panels of the vertical gas duct through strips by adjacent straight sections of the coils.

The connection of the tubes of screens and coils with annular collectors in a staggered manner with alternating one and two passes ensures the sealing of the heating surfaces of screens and coils by increasing the number of tubes of convective and screen heating surfaces by 1.5 times alternating, which increases the heating surface area in the volume of the gas duct and improves circulation, since an increase in the cross-section of pipes forming screens and coils with respect to the cross-section of pipes of membrane panels that make up the walls of the flue, with a corresponding increase in the heating surface of screens and coils, increases the speed of the steam-water mixture in the pipes of screens and coils, and reduces the heat load on each of these pipes separately.

The connection of the pipes of the coils and screens with each other by welded strips and plates, as well as with the panels of the vertical gas duct through the welded strips by the adjacent straight sections of the coils, makes the structure more rigid, increases the reliability of fastening the coils when operating in the high temperature zone, and improves the boiler manufacturing technology.

The boiler is illustrated by the following drawings, where:

in fig. 1 - shows a boiler, longitudinal section;

in fig. 2 - section a-a in Fig. 1, a cross section of the boiler is shown;

in fig. 3 - section b-b in Fig. 1, shows the place where the coils 10 fit to the membrane panels 3, cross-section;

in fig. 4 - section b-b in fig. 3, shows a longitudinal section in the plane of the pipe 4;

in fig. 5 - section G-G in Fig. 3, shows a longitudinal section in the plane of the pipes 5, 6;

in fig. 6 - section E-E in Fig. 5, the connections of pipes 4, 5, 6 with the lower and upper annular collectors 7 and 8 are shown, membrane panels 3 and a part of pipes 4, 5, 6 are not shown conventionally;

in fig. 7 - view D in Fig. 3, shows the junction of the pipe 6 with the membrane panel 3 through the welded strip 15, enlarged;

in fig. 8 - section Zh-Zh in Fig. 7 shows the connection of a pipe 6 with a membrane panel 3 through a welded strip 15;

in fig. 9 - view And in Fig. 1, a longitudinal section of the boiler is shown at the place where pipes 4, 5, 6 of the coils 10 adjoin to the bypass gas duct 11, enlarged;

in fig. 10 - section K-K in Fig. 9, shows the connection of pipes 4, 5, 6 coils 10 to each other through the welded sheet 14, enlarged;

in fig. 11 is a view L in FIG. 2, the boiler is shown at the level of screens 9 at the junction of pipes 4, 5, 6 of screens 9 with each other through strip 16, cross section BB, enlarged.

The drawings show the design of the proposed boiler, where:

1 - vertical gas duct;

2 - firebox;

3 - membrane panels;

4 - pipe;

5 - pipe;

6 - pipe;

7 - lower annular collectors;

8 - upper annular collectors;

9 - screens;

10 - coils;

11 - bypass gas duct;

12 - outlet gas duct;

13 - a system of gas valves;

14 - plate;

15 - strip; 16-lane;

17 - tubular frame;

18 - recirculation pipe;

19 - supply pipes;

20 - outlet pipes;

21 - radial tubes;

22 - portal.

The boiler contains a vertical gas duct 1, connected at the bottom to the furnace 2 and made of gas-tight membrane panels 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Panels 3 form a circle (circle) when connected to each other. Inside the gas duct 1, there are pipes 4, 5, 6, which form an internal heating surface. Pipes 4, 5, 6 are connected at the bottom with lower annular collectors 7, and at the top with upper annular collectors 8 with membrane panels 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Each of the pipes 4, 5, 6 has a vertical section at the bottom, forming screens 9, and in the upper part, periodic sawtooth bends, forming a package of coils 10. Pipes 4, 5, 6 are located in the annular collectors 7, 8 in a staggered manner alternately with the pipes 5, 6 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). Pipes 5, 6 enter when entering the collectors 7 and 8 side by side in a common plane, thus being located in two passes (Fig. 5, Fig. 6). In the middle of the package of coils 10, along the axis of the duct 1, there is a bypass duct 11 (Fig. 1). The bypass flue 11 connects the firebox 2 with the outlet flue 12, which has a system of gas control valves 13 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Pipes 4, 5, 6 can have different lengths and shapes of bends, each depending on the installation location for optimal location in screens 9 and a package of coils 10 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). Pipes 4, 5, 6 are interconnected in a package of coils 10 by plates 14 (Fig. 9, Fig. 10). Fastening to membrane panels 3 is carried out in a package of coils 10 for pipes 6, through strips 15 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8), and in screens, pipes 4, 5, 6 are fastened together with strips 16 (Fig. 11).

Outside, the gas duct 1 is surrounded by a tubular frame 17 having an outer sheathing. Recirculation pipes 18 are located along the entire contour in the cavity between the gas duct 1 and the tubular frame 17, and at the bottom the tubular frame is connected to the lower annular collector 7 by radial pipes 21. In the upper part of the tubular frame there are supply pipes 19, and on the upper annular collector 8 there are outlet pipes 20 . The flue 1 through the lower annular collector 7 together with the tubular frame 17 and the upper part of the furnace 2 are supported on the portal 22. The boiler operates as follows

Water from the supply pipes 19 enters the tubular frame 17, from the lower part of which it flows through the radial pipes 21 into the lower annular collectors 7. From the lower annular collectors 7, one part of the water enters the pipes 4, 5, 6 of screens 9 and coils 10, and the other part into the membrane panels 3. The mixture of hot gases formed during combustion in the furnace 2 enters the gas duct 1, where they give their heat to the water in the pipes 4, 5, 6 of screens 9 and coils 10, and in the membrane panels 3, under the influence of this heat, water evaporates and turns into saturated steam. Since the vapor density is much less than the density of water, due to the difference in the weights of the water columns in the pipes of the tubular frame 17 and the supply pipes 19 on the one hand, and the steam-water mixture in the pipes of the heating surfaces of screens 9 with coils 10 and membrane panels 3 and outlet pipes 20 on the other hand, a driving head arises, forcing the steam-water mixture to move upward to the upper annular collectors 8. The temperature of the flue gases can be controlled by bypassing part of the gases from the lower part of the flue 1, where the screens 9 are located, through the bypass flue 11, using a system of gas valves 13, into the outlet flue 12. From the upper annular collectors 8, part of the water from the steam-water mixture is separated and sent through the recirculation pipes 18 to the lower part of the tubular frame 17. The rest of the steam-water mixture is discharged by the outlet pipes 20. The cavity between the tubular frame 17 is connected to air by the flue gas duct 1, supplied with a large excess pressure into the combustion chamber, creating a shield from the penetration of combustion products through leaks in the gas duct 1 into the environment. Pipes 4, 5, 6 are connected to each other by plates 14 and strips 16, and to membrane panels 3, and recirculation pipes and radial pipes connect the entire gas duct 1 to the tubular frame 17, forming a rigid cylindrical structure capable of withstanding significant internal gas pressure, and transfer the weight of the boiler to portal 22.

Thus, the use of the proposed boiler makes it possible to increase productivity in comparison with analogs, while ensuring the reliability of circulation.

Claims (1)

A boiler containing a vertical flue formed by membrane panels with vertical pipes connected to each other along the circumference, and screens with vertical sections of pipes and convection coils of a sawtooth shape located in the flue, connected by radial sections of pipes with annular headers, characterized in that the pipes of the screens and coils with annular collectors are connected in a staggered manner with alternation in one and two passes and are connected to each other by strips and plates, and to the panels of the vertical gas duct through strips by the adjacent straight sections of the coils.

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