RU197555U1 - DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF POWER OF ELECTRIC NETWORK - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, in particular to devices that provide energy conservation. The technical result consists in increasing the effective operation of the device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network. This is achieved by the fact that the device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network is a housing, inside of which an electronic compensator with a display and a circuit breaker are installed and fixed. The electronic compensator is a connected power regulator, a current measurement unit, an active PFC, a passive filter, a process control unit and a transmitting unit, which are configured to be connected in series.

Description

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, namely to devices for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network, providing energy conservation, and can find application both in large enterprises and in small companies. The claimed device is designed to compensate for power, short-term voltage stabilization, filtering interference in the AC 220V and 380V arising from the operation of devices connected to the network.

An important condition for stable operation is the quality of energy consumed and its consumption.

The quality of energy consumed is one of the key indicators that determine the energy efficiency of power systems, and to a large extent affects the useful life of all electrical equipment. The deviation of the power supply parameters from the nominal values can be caused both by the quality of the electricity provided by the supplier, and by the nature of the consumers' electrical installations. Depending on the type of load and the quality of the electricity supplied, users face a number of problems. These problems include the following:

- uneven loading of phases,

- harmonic distortion,

- low power factor.

When controlling processors in three-phase systems, it is difficult to achieve uniform loading of all phases, so often one or two phases are loaded more than the others. For example, this situation occurs when a large number of single-phase devices are connected to one of the phases of a three-phase system, causing an increased load of this phase relative to the others. For three-phase loads, technical equipment with an electric drive (compressor, pumps, etc.) can cause a skew due to defects in the windings of electric motors. The consequence of which will be a decrease in the total K.P.D. system. In addition, for an electric drive system, this causes the rotation of a circular rotating field to elliptical, which leads to heating of the motors, an increase in currents due to the emergence of the electromagnetic brake mode. Thus, the consumer of electricity will face repair of equipment that fails due to low quality of electricity.

With the guaranteed quality of the consumed electricity and the absence of distortions, the latter can occur during energy consumption and be caused by the nature of the load - switching power supplies of electronic devices, AC motors, fluorescent lamps, etc. nonlinear electrical loads create distortions in the mains. The total effect of these loads is expressed in voltage distortion, which affects other equipment receiving power from the same source. This usually causes overheating and desynchronization in other devices, failures in communications and data networks, as a result - equipment damage. Harmonic distortion can cause a decrease in KPD system.

The presence of harmonics reduces the power factor, which is due to an increase in the proportion of reactive energy.

The main negative effects caused by higher harmonics of voltage and current are:

- distortion of the shape of the supply voltage,

- voltage drop in the distribution network,

- the effect of harmonics that are multiples of three in three-phase networks,

- resonant phenomena at the frequencies of higher harmonics,

- interference in telecommunication and control networks,

- increase in acoustic noise in electromagnetic equipment,

- vibrations in electromagnetic systems,

- heating and additional losses in transformers and electrical machines,

- heating of capacitors,

- heating of distribution network cables.

The presence in the system of loads with a reactive nature (ventilation, air conditioners, heating devices, pumps, motors, etc.) leads to an increase in reactive power, and, as a result, to a decrease in power factor, since reactive power is not consumed by the load (energy is exchanged between source and consumer), there is a decrease in the efficiency of the system.

Power is proportional to the square of the current, while useful work and the transfer of energy to the load is due to active power. The presence of a reactive component leads to an increase in load current and a decrease in KPD systems, overheating of the windings of electric motors, saturation of the cores of transformers and other negative consequences.

Inrush currents and short-term voltage drops, transients, causing short-term excess currents of their rated values, may be due to external and / or internal causes. As a rule, in practice, up to 80% of voltage changes as a result of transients are caused by switching on the load (turning on / off motors, air conditioning systems, lamp chokes, etc.).

These problems can cause the following negative consequences: premature equipment failure, data loss and system reboot, failure of programmable logic controllers, loss due to downtime, frequent burnout of lighting lamps and fluorescent lamp starters, forced replacement of motor windings due to insulation breakdown, failure of uninterruptible power supplies.

The facts listed above do not include the entire spectrum of negative phenomena, but are at the same time basic for resolving issues related to the reduction of electricity losses in electrical installations of consumers. The only possible way to save energy is to reduce losses and compensate for factors that reduce KPD. power consumption systems.

Attempts to eliminate these problems were made earlier in the prior art, for example, in RU 174881 U1, published on 09.11.2017 (this source was taken as the closest analogue).

However, this device during operation has shown its lack of effectiveness both in saving energy and in eliminating the remaining problems mentioned above.

Thus, the objective of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.

The claimed utility model is aimed at improving the effective operation of the device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network.

This result is fully achieved by a set of features of an independent claim of the claimed utility model.

The device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network is a housing, inside of which an electronic compensator with a display and circuit breakers are installed and fixed. The electronic compensator is a connected power regulator, a current measurement unit, an active PFC, a passive filter, a process control unit and a transmitting unit.

The device further comprises a capacitor bank, which is connected through contactors.

The transmitting unit transmits data using 4G technology.

The device further comprises an energy quality analyzer.

The device further comprises an emergency power supply.

The device further comprises a fire extinguishing unit.

The claimed device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network contains a housing with a front panel on which LEDs are located that induce the operation of the device. Inside the housing are located and fixed electronic compensator and circuit breaker.

Inside the electronic compensator there is a printed circuit board made of foil fiberglass, on which the circuit elements (blocks) are located by soldering:

регулятор мощности,

power regulator

блок измерения тока,

current measurement unit,

активный PFC,

active PFC

пассивный фильтр,

passive filter

блок управления процессами и

process control unit and

передающий блок.

transmitting unit.

PFC - Power Factor Correction (Power Factor Correction), is the process of bringing the consumption of an end device with a low power factor when powered by AC power to a state in which the power factor complies with accepted standards.

Technically implemented in the form of one or another additional circuit at the input of the device.

This procedure, necessary for uniform use of phase power and elimination of overload of the neutral wire of a three-phase network, is mandatory for switching power supplies with a capacity of 100 or more watts. Compensation ensures the absence of surges in the current consumption at the top of the sinusoid of the supply voltage and a uniform load on the power line.

A current measuring unit, a process control unit, an active PFC, and a passive filter serve to equalize the sine wave of current and voltage and bring them into the corresponding network parameters.

The power regulator and the process control unit reduce the unevenness of the phase load, and also increase the power factor.

Active PFC and passive filter serve to reduce harmonic oscillations in current and voltage.

The transmitting unit is designed to transfer data from the device to the process computer and the results of the device.

All blocks in the electronic compensator can be configured in series or in parallel.

The implementation of the claimed device in the above manner eliminates all the disadvantages of the prior art and the previously and the above problems.

The use of the claimed device is intended to eliminate such problems as premature equipment failure, data loss and system reboot, failure of controllers with programmable logic, frequent burnout of lighting lamps and fluorescent lamp starters, forced replacement of motor windings due to insulation breakdown, failure of sources uninterruptible power supply, which is usually caused by inrush currents, a short-term voltage drop during transients.

Additionally, one or more cosine capacitor banks, which are connected through contactors, can be installed in the electronic compensator.

The claimed device is installed after the metering stations of the electric grid company and does not require changes to the design documentation and additional approvals. The claimed device does not provide additional load on the network, optimizes the voltage in the network, which in turn extends the "life" of electrical appliances. The claimed device also performs phase balancing, filtering harmonics and increases the power factor.

All the above advantages of the claimed device provide an increase in the effective operation of the device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network.

The claimed utility model is new, since the combination of its essential features is not known from the prior art, and, accordingly, meets the condition of patentability "novelty".

The claimed utility model meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability", since it can be used in industry.

Although the present utility model has been disclosed with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present utility model, specialists with general knowledge in the art of the present utility model can modify and implement it without departing from the idea and scope of the utility model, therefore , the scope of protection of the present utility model should be governed by the scope specified in the utility model formula.

Claims (6)

1. A device for monitoring and controlling the power of the electric network, characterized in that it consists of a housing inside which an electronic compensator with a display and circuit breakers are installed and fixed, the electronic compensator, in turn, consists of a power regulator, a current measuring unit, an active PFC, a passive filter, a process control unit and a transmitting unit configured to be connected in series. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises a capacitor bank, which is connected through contactors. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitting unit transmits data using 4G technology. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an electric power quality analyzer. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises an emergency power supply. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fire extinguishing unit.