RU196228U1 - DEVICE FOR INCREASING MOVEMENT COORDINATION AT ATHLETES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to sports physiology, sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine, physiotherapy exercises. In particular, on the determination and development of coordination abilities of athletes in biathlon, including for high-quality shooting at firing lines. The device allows to increase coordination of movements of the lower and upper extremities, as a single kinematic chain, multisensory effect on proprioception, exteroception and human senses during isotonically Isometric effort while sitting while performing a test. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device contains two interconnected, controlled platforms, the upper one with two handles, for controlling the upper limbs and the lower one for controlling the lower limbs with stops designed to fix the feet, the platforms are rigidly interconnected by a height-adjustable bar, which has a movable washer for adjusting the height between the platforms, the working field with the sides is rigidly fixed on the upper platform, on which Positioned: a steel ball weighing from 60 to 70 grams, arches for rolling the working ball, arrows are drawn showing the direction of rolling the ball and the sequence number is set for rolling the working ball, while the device is rigidly attached to the floor.

Description

The utility model relates to sports physiology, sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine, physiotherapy exercises and is aimed at identifying and developing the coordination abilities of athletes in biathlon, contributing to high-quality shooting at firing lines.

A significant moment in many sports is the preservation of stable coordination abilities against the background of impending physical fatigue. This is especially necessary for combined sports that combine significant cyclic loads with special coordination activities, for example in biathlon.

Analysis of their own movements, dynamic, temporal and spatial characteristics of locomotion in their complex interaction allows us to judge the manifestation of coordination abilities. Muscular-articular reception is formed selectively in strict accordance with the specifics of the sport and the technical training of a particular athlete [Getmantsev S.V., Bogush V.L., Yatsunsky A.S., Sokol O.V., Reznichenko O.I. The study of muscular-articular sensitivity and coordination of movements in various sports // Slobozhansky science and sports bulletin. - 2010. - No. 3. - S. 58-62; Astrand R.O. Endurance in sports. - Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. - 1992. - p. 8-15; Hirtz P. Koordinative Fahigkeiten. Training-swissenshaft. - Berlin: Sportverlag. - 1994. - p. 137-145].

Cross-country skiing and biathlon require complex coordination capabilities from athletes [Luchsinger N., Sandbakk O., Schubert M. Ettema G., Baumeister J. A Comparison of Frontal Theta Activity During Shooting among Biathletes and Cross-Country Skiers before and after Vigorous Exercise / / Plos One. - 2016. No. 2. - p. l-11.]. Physical activities presented by these sports can lead to activation or uncoordination of complex locomotion.

The ability to focus on sensory information from muscle proprioreceptors is key to success in many sports [Ihalainen S., Kuitunen S., Mononen K., Linnamo V. Determinants of elite-level air rifle shooting performance // Scandinavian Journal Medicine Science and Sports - 2015. - V. 26. No. 3. - p. 266-274], including cyclic ones. Shooting at the shooting range in biathlon is a difficult task that requires coordination between visual perception, postural balance and trigger time [Ihalainen S., Kuitunen S., Mononen K., Linnamo V. Determinants of elite-level air rifle shooting performance // Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science and Sports. - 2015. - V. 26. No. 3. - p. 266-274]. Most of the time (90%) of the training process in skiing is aimed at developing endurance, which implies prolonged monotonous cyclic loads, and only 10% of the time is developing other physical qualities [Astrand R.O. Endurance in sports. - Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992. - p. 8-15]. The biathlon combines two different types of muscle activity - skiing and shooting at firing lines, making them interconnected and dependent on each other, at the same time, biathlon cannot be considered as a mechanical combination of two sports. In the training process of biathletes, separate training sessions can achieve high results in each of these sports, however, when combined into a single competitive process, athletes can not always show high results in such competitions [Soldatov O.A. A method of increasing the shooting performance of qualified biathletes: author. dis. Cand. ped sciences. - Moscow, 1989. - 25 p.].

Known training device for the development of coordination abilities of a person [RU No. 123330]. A training device for the development of human coordination abilities comprises a platform, a fixed base connected by communication, in the form of a spherical hinge with an elastic support, and a clip covering the spherical hinge. The platform on the lower side and the cage on the upper side are made with a spherical cavity, the radius of which is comparable to the radius of the spherical hinge, and in which the spherical hinge is placed, the center of which is rigidly connected to the upper end of the support, and the fixed base to its lower end. In the training device, a compression spring is used as the elastic support of the spherical hinge, the upper and lower ends of which are located on its longitudinal axis, and the spherical surface of the platform is made with a wear-resistant liner.

A known method of training coordination of movements [RU No. 2248827]. The essence of the method lies in the fact that a person after exposure to a load performs a worked-out action. The load is created on a simulator having a moving means and at least a section of descent and / or fall. Amusement rides in the form of a catalan mountain or a free fall tower can be used as a simulator. The inventions use stationary devices that simulate possible real loads to change the emotional and physical state of a person, to work out the specific actions that a person must perform after the impact on him.

A known simulator for physiotherapy exercises [RU No. 2311161] containing a bed with a base, a platform that is placed on the base, an additional platform and at least one arm support. The platform and the additional platform are made in the form of foot supports and are rotatably connected to the base. The base is mounted on the bed with the possibility of rotation or mounted on the bed with the possibility of rotation and fixation or mounted on the bed with the possibility of rotation and fixation and is associated with means for creating and / or regulating the workload. The distance between the center of rotation of the platform and the center of rotation of the additional platform is 200-600 mm. The height of at least one palm rest is 500-2300 mm. The invention allows for the convenience, adaptability and simplicity of the simulator design.

These technical solutions are not intended for training and determining the level of coordination abilities of athletes.

The authors developed a new device for increasing coordination of movements among athletes, which received the name - "EVDOKIMOV Coordinate".

The technical result consists in expanding the arsenal of devices designed to test and increase the level of coordination abilities of athletes, in particular skiers-racers and biathletes. The device provides an increase in the speed of coordination of movements of the lower and upper limbs as a single kinematic chain, a multisensory effect on proprioception, exteroception and the human senses during an isotonic-isometric effort in a sitting position when performing a test.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device contains two interconnected, controlled platforms, the upper with two handles, for controlling the upper limbs and the lower for controlling the lower limbs with stops designed to fix the feet, the platforms are rigidly interconnected by a height-adjustable bar on which it is mounted movable washer for adjusting the height between the platforms, on the upper platform the working field with sides is rigidly fixed, on which the device is in working condition Placed: a steel ball weighing from 60 to 7 0 grams, arches for rolling the working ball, arrows are drawn showing the direction of rolling the ball and the numbering sequence of rolling the working ball is set, while the device is rigidly attached to the floor.

The utility model is illustrated by the following figures:

in fig. 1 - shows a General view of the device; in fig. 2 - shows a photo of the prototype; in fig. 3 - shows a top view of the upper platform of the device with a working field; in fig. 4 - shows a photo of the upper platform with the working fields; in fig. 5 - shows a photo of the operation of the device when performing coordination tests.

The claimed device (Fig. 1) contains:

- corners 1 for fixing the device to the floor with holes;

- lower platform 2, designed for lower limb controls with stops for feet 3;

- connecting rod 5 with washer 6 for height adjustment;

- corners 4 for mounting the rod 5 to the lower platform 2 of the device;

- the upper platform 8, designed to control the upper limbs, with rigidly vertically mounted arms 11;

- fastening 7 rods 5 to the upper platform 8;

- working field 9 with sides;

- fastening 12 of the working field 9 to the platform 8.

The working field 9 (Fig. 3) contains: working ball 15,

designed to pass the test on the device; arches 10 for rolling the working ball 15; arrows 13, showing the direction of rolling of the working ball, the numbering sequence 14 of rolling the working ball 15. The working ball 15 is made of steel and has a specially calculated mass of 60 to 7 0 grams. The device is rigidly fixed to the floor using the corners 1.

A device for improving coordination of movements in athletes, works as follows.

Example 1

The study was conducted in the Department of Environmental and Medical Physiology at the IP Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during the specially preparatory period of the training process (September 2017). It was attended by 35 men who were divided into three groups. Of the 23 athletes of cyclic sports, two groups were created: the first group consisted of 12 skiers-racers (2 MS and 10 KMC), the second group of 11 KMC biathlon. The third, control group consisted of 12 students of the Faculty of Natural Biology of Syktyvkar State University named after P. Sorokin. The characteristics of the groups are presented in table 1.

Note: Data are presented as Me and the interquantile interval: 25 and 75 percentiles.

Examination procedure. All athletes and students completed a voluntary consent to the study. In athletes and students, mass (kg) and body length (cm) were measured on a medical weight meter; using a fat analyzer Omron BF 302 (Japan), the mass of subcutaneous fat in percent, according to the Ketle formula, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. In athletes, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was determined by N.S. Korotkova on the device "Microlife Model BP AGl-30". To assess the functional state of the body of skiers-racers and biathletes, a “to failure” bicycle ergometric test was performed on the Oxycon Pro ergospirometric system (Erich Jaeger, Germany) according to the protocol [Garnov I.O., Loginova T. P., Varlamova N. G., Chernykh A.A., Tsenke D., Boyko E.R. The use of electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency in the correction of the functional state of the body of skiers-racers // Bulletin of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series: Biomedical Sciences. - 2016. - No. 2. - S. 70-81.]. During the entire test “to failure” in the “breath by breath” mode with averaging of indicators over 15-second intervals, the minute volume of respiration (MOD), respiration rate (RR), oxygen consumption (PC), maximum oxygen consumption (MPC) were determined by further calculation of the indicator per kg of body weight, heart rate (HR), the maximum load power (W) was taken into account, the oxygen utilization coefficient (KIO2) was calculated. The respiratory threshold of anaerobic metabolism (ANSP) was determined by the respiratory coefficient when it reached unity, and the lactate concentration in capillary blood was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Sentinel, Italy).

The time of a simple visual-motor reaction (MTCT time) in athletes was recorded using the NS-PsychoTest computer complex for psychophysiological testing (NeuroSoft company, Ivanovo), at rest before the test to failure.

To determine the level of coordination of movements among skiers-racers, biathletes and students, a test was conducted on the device, to determine the level of coordination of movements, the “Evdokimov Coordinate” in a sitting position (Fig. 5). For athletes before and after carrying out bicycle ergometric testing (respectively, the first test and the second test). In order to determine the effect of physical activity on the coordination abilities of athletes and the appearance of motor action skills, a control group of students also performed a test on a coordinateimeter twice, but without a test on a bicycle ergometer. The interval between the first and second samples in students was 14 minutes, which corresponded to the time of performing a bicycle ergometric test in athletes.

The test on the coordinate meter is performed with the interaction of the upper 8 and lower 2 platforms, which are interconnected by a height-adjustable rod 5 and are controlled by the upper arms 11 and the lower stops 3 using the limbs of the subject. The device allows you to measure the speed of the test for coordination of movements of the lower and upper limbs, as a single kinematic chain. A special feature of the coordinate meter is the multisensory effect on proprioception, exteroception, and the human senses during an isotonic-isometric effort in a sitting position when performing a test.

Athletes and students performed a coordination test after preliminary instruction without prior testing of the methodology. The position of the examinee during the test: sitting on a chair, feet on the lower platform 2,3, hands hold the upper platform 8 by the handles 11. The subject must roll up a working steel ball 15 strictly along arrows 13 and in the sequence of numbering 14 from the first to fifth arches 10 ( Fig. 3), the coordination test time is taken into account using a stopwatch. Based on the results of the coordination samples, an additional analysis of the reasons for increasing or decreasing the time taken to complete the samples was carried out.

As a result of testing athletes on the device, to determine the level of coordination of movements - “Evdokimov Coordinate”, we can draw the following conclusions:

- the time of the first coordination test (before the bicycle ergometry test) for skiers-racers and biathletes is statistically significantly better than in a group of students;

- when the test is repeated in a group of students, the time taken to complete the coordination test is reduced in 7 5% of the subjects, which, apparently, is due to the appearance of a motor action skill;

- performance of the bicycle ergometric test "to failure" leads to fatigue and reduces the percentage of athletes who better completed the second coordination test compared to the first;

- biathletes completed the test “to failure” at higher values (p <0.05), heart rate, lactate and low oxygen utilization, which led to a long restoration of their functional systems, however, they performed the second coordination test faster than skiers - racers, which is probably due to the specifics of the sport and the training process.

Testing athletes on the device when determining the level of coordination of movements showed that regular use of the device and conducting coordination training can improve coordination of movements of the lower and upper limbs, as a single kinematic chain, the multisensory effect on proprioception, exteroception and the human senses during isotonic-isometric efforts in sitting position while doing the test.

Claims (1)

A device for improving coordination of movements in athletes, containing two interconnected, controlled platforms, the upper - with two handles, for controlling the upper limbs and the lower - for controlling the lower limbs with stops designed to fix the feet, the platforms are rigidly interconnected by an adjustable bar, on which a movable washer is installed to adjust the height between the platforms; on the upper platform, the working field with sides is rigidly fixed, on which the device is in working condition located: a steel ball weighing from 60 to 70 grams, arches for rolling the ball, arrows are drawn showing the direction of movement of the ball and the numbering of the sequence of rolling the ball is set, while the device is rigidly attached to the floor.

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