RU19435U1 - DEVICE FOR PROTECTING THE CONSUMER FROM UNACCEPTABLE VALUES (VARIATIONS) OF VOLTAGE IN AC AND DC SYSTEMS - Google Patents

Description

DEVICE FOR PROTECTING THE CONSUMER AGAINST UNAILABLE ARRANGEMENTS (DEVIATIONS) OF VOLTAGE IN AC VARIABLE AND

DIRECT CURRENT.

The utility model relates to electrical engineering and will find use to prevent the failure of all electrical equipment in case of unacceptable voltage deviations in the power supply, both alternating and direct current. Household and office equipment operating in round-the-clock or standby modes, as well as networks and other utilities, are not designed for an unacceptable increase in the supply voltage, which occurs, for example, when a neutral wire is damaged in networks with a grounded neutral, penetration of the voltage of urban electric vehicles into the distribution network (natural disasters, etc.), which leads to fairly frequent cases of fires and fires, which result in damage to the health and property of citizens. In addition, due to the fact that the rated voltage in the power supply network is far from always supported, instruments and equipment fail (with an increased voltage) and / or wear out, not having fulfilled the required service life (with a reduced voltage in the power supply network).

To fix this problem in recent years are being developed

devices designed to control the voltage in the consumer power supply network and emergency shutdown in case of voltage increase or decrease from the maximum permissible parameters.

A variety of devices are known to protect consumers from changes in the nominal voltage in the power supply network. So, the device according to patent No. 2025856, 1994. contains a three-phase rectifier, a smoothing filter, a voltage divider, threshold elements, an amplitude modulator, amplitude bandpass detectors. The device according to patent No. 2046485, 1995. contains an electromagnetic relay with switching contacts, a current-limiting element, an actuating element, a reacting element in the form of a thyristor, a resistive divider, a threshold element, and an integrating RC circuit. The device according to patent No. 2079201, 1997. contains a control unit, a turn-on generator, a turn-off generator, two thyristors, two transistors, two valves, an asymmetry determination unit. The device according to the patent .№ 2095906, 1997 contains a threshold element, the executive body, is 2001109901

IPC 7 N02NZ / 20

which is simultaneously protected by a protective device (consists of a power triac, diode bridge, field effect transistor, zener diode), a storage capacitor, a threshold element, and a rectifier. The device according to patent No. 2109387, 1998. contains a three-phase contact automat, thermal elements and a relay of maximum voltage, electromagnetic release and two resistances. The device according to patent No. 2136097, 1999. contains a rectifier bridge, an actuator, a threshold node, two voltage stabilizers, a pulse shaper, a pulse counter, an indication unit, a voltage control unit, a voltage divider, a control unit, D-, C-, R- and Q triggers. The device according to utility model certificate No. 15054, 2000, contains an automatic circuit breaker with an independent trip coil, threshold elements, a power supply unit, an optocoupler, a rectifier, a differential current sensor, a one-shot, an inverter, OR logic elements.

The device according to the utility model certificate No. 15430, 2000, contains current sensors, comparators, a delay unit, an indication unit, an executive body, a memory unit including emergency shutdown counters, microprocessor devices, wireless transmitting and receiving elements, and a control panel. The device according to the application. No. 98123301, 2000, contains a semiconductor switch in the form of a triac, a diode bridge, a regulating transistor, an R-C circuit. The device according to the certificate for utility model JV2 16229, 2000. contains a nonlinear surge suppressor, an automatic impulse limit control unit, an alarm unit, an information processing unit.

Thus, the well-known consumer protection devices can be divided into groups: a) overvoltage protection without disconnecting (vomiting) by using voltage stabilizers, b) overvoltage protection with disconnecting the consumer from the mains, followed by forced or automatic switching on, c) ycipoiicrea : w1 cells from voltage fluctuations (increase or decrease).

A common disadvantage of the above devices is their complexity, the inability to protect the consumer from lowering the nominal voltage in the network (except for patent No. 2136097, 1999) and the inability to use an alternative power source, significant overall dimensions, the difficulty of working with high load currents, often manual (forced) repeated turning on the consumer for an unknown voltage.

The prototype of the claimed utility model selected device according to copyright certificate No. 1555759, 1990. Automatic switch to protect the load from being connected to an AC source with an invalid rated voltage. The device contains an electromagnetic relay with a winding and a switching contact, a current-limiting element in the form of a capacitor or inductor, a threshold element in the form of a dynistor, a transformer. If the voltage in the power supply exceeds a permissible threshold element, it opens by shunting the relay winding, the latter is triggered and the mains voltage is supplied to the other winding of the transformer through the relay contact contact group, and the voltage at the consumer decreases.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the following: the dependence of the operating voltage on the emergency, due to the winding data of the power transformer, the inability to protect against direct current penetration, significant dimensions and weight of the device due to the use of the power transformer, which narrows the scope; consumer protection is not provided for undervoltage in the mains voltage; connection to an alternative power source is not provided.

These disadvantages are eliminated in the inventive device.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the level of electrical safety, fire safety, reliability, and the expansion of functionality.

The technical result obtained by using this device consists in ensuring the possibility of reliable operation of consumers in AC and DC networks during emergency outages of the supply voltage, not only when the nominal voltage increases, but also when it decreases. In addition, the device provides automatic shutdown and inclusion of the consumer, automatic transition to an alternative power source (wind turbine, solar battery, battery). If necessary, it is possible to force the consumer to connect to an alternative power source while disconnecting from the mains power supply and to use the device as an executive body for current protection, both with automatic reclosure (Automatic Re-Power On) and without it.

The problem is solved in that the device for protecting the consumer, contains two chains of series-connected current-limiting element and an electromagnetic element with one stable state, connected between input terminals for connecting to a power source and output terminals for connecting to a load, and the first input terminal is connected through disconnecting power contacts of the first electromagnetic element with one stable state, responding to an emergency increase in voltage and closing forces contacts of the second electromagnetic element with one stable state with the first output terminal, and the second input terminal is connected through the disconnecting power contact of the first electromagnetic element with one stable state and the closing power contact of the second electromagnetic element with one stable state with the second input terminal, while the first output the output is additionally connected through the disconnecting power contact of the second electromagnetic element with one stable state with the first output pin the house of the alternative power source, and the second output terminal is connected through the disconnecting power contact of the second electromagnetic element with one stable state with the second output terminal of the alternative power source. To force the connection of an instrument to an alternate source of pitapium, the device contains a disconnecting device with QLQ2 terminals. Analysis available

Patent scientific, technical and popular science literature did not identify devices containing this set of features and ensuring the achievement of the same technical results.

The drawing shows a diagram of a device.

The device contains input terminals 1, 2 for connecting to the power supply, a current-limiting element 3, an electromagnetic element with one stable state 4 with disconnecting power contacts 5 and 6, a disconnecting device (terminals Q1.Q2) 7, a current-limiting element 8, an electromagnetic element with one steady state 9, with disconnecting power contacts 10,11 and closing power contacts 12,13, output terminals 14,15 for connecting to a load (consumer), output terminals 16,17 for connecting to an alternative power source, are reserve e power contacts 18.19 employees for unification.

The device operates as follows. At the rated voltage in the power supply network, the current-limiting element 3 and the electromagnetic element with one stable state 4, tuned to a given emergency threshold, are surrounded by a current whose value is insufficient for the electromagnetic element to operate with one stable state 4 and open the power contacts 5, 6, which are in stable condition. The disconnecting device 7, the current-limiting element 8 and the second, electromagnetic element with one stable state 9, tuned to the rated voltage, are surrounded by a current whose magnitude is enough to operate an electromagnetic element with one steady state 9 and short circuit of the power contacts 12, 13, while the power contacts 10 , 11 open and are in an unstable state. Thus, the first and second output terminals 14, 15 are connected to the first and second input terminals 1,2, and the consumer is connected to the rated voltage.

In case of an emergency increase in voltage, the IOKa value is sufficient for the operation of the electro-magnet element with one steady state 4. KofiTaKTbi 5 and 6 open, disconnecting the electromagnetic element with one

1ZH1 // U.

steady state 9 and disconnecting the consumer from high voltage. The current-limiting element 3, while ensuring the temperature regime of the electromagnetic element with one stable state 4, protecting it from overheating. Power contacts 12, 13 remain open, providing an additional break in the consumer's power circuit to increase reliability from the penetration of hazardous voltage. Through closed power contacts 10.11, the output terminals 14.15 are connected to the output terminals 16.17 of an alternative power source.

When the rated voltage is reached in the power supply network, the electromagnetic element with one steady state 4 returns to its initial state, and the device operates in normal mode.

In case of emergency undervoltage, the current is insufficient to operate the electromagnetic element with one stable state 4 and the power contacts 5, 6 remain closed. An electromagnetic element with one stable state 9 also does not work, so the power contacts 12, 13 remain open, disconnecting the consumer from the emergency low voltage, and the power contacts 10, 11 are closed, providing the consumer with connection to the output terminals 16, 17 of an alternative power source. When the voltage reaches the nominal value, the electromagnetic element with one stable state 9 comes to its initial unstable position, and the device operates in normal mode.

If necessary, transfer the consumer to an alternative power source at rated voltage (for example, in order to save energy), use the disconnecting device 7, which provides a break in the circuit of the current-limiting element 8 and the electromagnetic element with one stable state 9.

Experimental tests of an experimental batch of devices have shown their operation in both alternating networks and in networks of high current. 6

Comparison with known devices of this purpose shows that the proposed design is more economical, reliable and versatile.

The device provides:

Automatic shutdown for an unlimited time of electrical equipment up to 1000 V in case of emergency voltage increases of both direct and alternating current associated, for example, with damage to the neutral wire in networks with earthed neutral, penetration of the voltage of urban electric vehicles into the distribution network (natural disasters, etc.)

Automatic inclusion with a delay of time after restoration of voltage to a normal value. Automatic shutdown for an unlimited time of electrical equipment up to 1000 V. with unacceptable voltage drops. Automatic transition to an alternative power source in any of the emergency modes. The ability to switch to an alternative power source in nominal mode on command from an external control structure (computer, etc.). Ability to work as an executive body of current protection, both with automatic reclosure (Automatic Repeat Switching) and without it. Design Advantages:

The minimum number of constituent parts, the ability to perform in small dimensions, the relative simplicity of design, ease of operation and maintenance, the absence of distorting pulses in both operating and emergency conditions, a wide range of applications.

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Claims (1)

A device for protecting the consumer from unacceptable deviation of the nominal voltage in the AC and DC network, containing the first and second input terminals for connecting to a power source, the first and second output terminals for connecting to the load terminals, an electromagnetic relay with a switching contact and a current limiting element connected between the first and second input terminals, characterized in that in addition between the first and second input terminals through the disconnecting power contacts of the first electromagnetic of an element with one steady state that responds to an emergency voltage increase, a chain of series-connected disconnecting devices, current-limiting elements and a second electromagnetic element with one stable state having closing and opening power contacts is connected, the first input terminal being connected through the opening contacts of the first electromagnetic element with one steady state and closing power contacts of the second electromagnetic element with one steady state m with the first output terminal for connecting to the load terminals, and the second input terminal is connected through the disconnecting power contact of the first electromagnetic element with one stable state and the closing power contact of the second electromagnetic element with one steady state with the second output terminal, while the first output terminal is also connected through the disconnecting power contact of the second electromagnetic element with one stable state with the first output terminal of an alternative power source, and the second output one terminal is connected through a disconnecting power contact of the second electromagnetic element with one stable state to the second output terminal of an alternative power source.