RU192851U1 - FILTER-DIPPER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of water purification and can be used in the design of inertial-gravity type mud filters. The technical result is to ensure a more complete removal of mechanical impurities and increase the degree of water purification. The mud filter contains a vertical cylindrical housing, inlet and outlet nozzles. The housing is equipped with a cover and a bottom. The inlet pipe is installed tangentially to the housing. A pipe is coaxially mounted in the housing, the lower end of which is equipped with an outlet pipe, and the upper end is closed by a lid. A plate is installed between the housing cover and the cover covering the upper end of the pipe. At least three water-guiding elements are installed along the pipe, each of which is located around the pipe and is made expanding downward. Under each water guide element is a ring connected to it. Through-holes are made in pipe sections blocked by water-guiding elements. Around the rings of the water guide elements, guide vanes are installed. Under each water guide element, a plate is installed around the pipe, expanding upwards, the larger diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the water guide element. 12 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of non-reagent water purification, namely to auxiliary devices of pipelines - to filters that prevent the accumulation of contaminants or deposits in pipes, and is intended for the effective purification of various technological water flows (mains, make-up, recycled, waste, etc. ) from mechanical impurities, as well as suspended and floating substances.

The utility model can be used in the development of mud filter constructions, the principle of which is based on the use of a combination of gravitational and inertial forces, as well as centrifugal force to trap contaminant particles in the filter.

Inertial-gravity dirt filters do not have grids or filter materials, therefore, unlike strainers, water purification from mechanical impurities is carried out continuously, it is not accompanied by an increase in hydraulic resistance as accumulated sludge is accumulated, and accumulated contaminants are removed without stopping work apparatus for disassembling and cleaning it. In addition, inertia-gravity filters are not afraid of large and solid contaminants (gravel, pebbles, etc.) getting into the water stream, since they do not have nets that can cause these pollution.

Currently, inertial-gravity type mud filters are widely demanded at various industrial enterprises for water treatment, in boiler rooms and heating networks for cleaning network and makeup water, during washing of heating networks, in reverse water supply systems, before treatment facilities as the first stage of treatment water etc. At the same time, increasingly high demands are placed on the filters according to the degree of water purification. However, high flow rates during filter operation, turbulence of the stream and other factors impede the removal of mechanical impurities (contaminants) from the cleaned stream during the operation of the dirt filter, and therefore Russian and foreign companies specializing in the design and manufacture of filters are constantly improving filter designs, developing technical solutions aimed, in particular, at creating a laminar flow regime, reducing the flow velocity, creating a centrifugal force acting on the flow and finding particles of mechanical impurities contained in it, which as a result provides an increase in the efficiency of water purification.

A device for filtering water is known [patent No. GB 2302290 A, IPC B01D21 / 02, date publ. 01/15/1997] containing a vessel (reservoir) for the deposition of solid particles, a lid, a base, as well as a sump. formed at the bottom of the vessel to receive precipitated contaminants. A water inlet pipe enters the vessel through the base, and its upper end is in the central zone of the vessel. The inlet pipe is surrounded by an intermediate receiving chamber (receiver) in the form of a vertical pipe, the lower end of which forms an outlet opening that extends into the vessel. Perforated plates are installed in the vessel, the volume between which is filled with a filter medium. During operation, filtered water is pumped through the inlet pipe (bottom), exits the inlet pipe, enters the intermediate intake chamber and slows down when it passes through the intermediate intake chamber, which has a larger cross-sectional area than the inlet pipe. Water slows down again when it leaves the intermediate chamber through the outlet in the main chamber of the vessel (into the vessel), and the slowly moving water is guided by a conical septum (conical water-guiding surface) to the sump, where solid particles are deposited, and rises upward, passing through the filtering medium providing additional cleaning. Purified water leaves the outlet at the top of the vessel. A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the insufficient degree of purification of the flow by deposition of mechanical particles under the action of gravitational and inertial forces, which necessitates additional cleaning and the inclusion in the design of the apparatus of a filter medium that requires periodic replacement. In addition, the known design does not provide for the presence of drainage exhaust pipes for the removal of mechanical impurities.

Known mud collector [a.s. USSR No. SU 11662631 A1, IPC B01D45 / 08, F16L55 / 24, date publ. 07/15/1991] relating to equipment for cleaning the coolant from pollution. The sump contains a vertically placed housing, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, pipes for draining sludge. A central tube with a bump cone at its upper end is placed in the casing, equipped with plates and slots, and the area of the slots, the generators and the depths of the plates decrease along the heat carrier. In a mud sump, mechanical particles of contaminants fall out in the process of 180 ° rotation of flows around the forming plates under the influence of gravitational (gravity) and buoyant (Archimedean) forces. This force difference is counteracted by the resistance force of the medium, which decreases significantly under the plates due to the creation of a laminar flow regime due to the slotting in the plate cavities. However, the known technical solution does not provide for the possibility of removing pop-up contaminants.

Known devices for controlling the direction of fluid flow in filtering apparatuses with the aim of improving the distribution of the input stream, in particular, a diffuser [pat. No. US 2016038856 A1, IPC B01D24 / 40, F16L55 / 24, date publ. 02/11/2016] installed at the inlet of the filter and representing a flow modifier having tubular, annular or conical concentric vanes. The blades provide improved flow distribution in the filter apparatus, which has a positive effect on the quality of the liquid cleaning filter.

For example, the mud collector is known [a.s. USSR No. SU 1682714 A1, IPC F16L55 / 24, date publ. 10/07/1991], the design of which contains a distributor of the flow of the working medium, made in the form of conical blades, which provides a more laminar flow pattern (uniform distribution of mechanical impurities) and a slower increase in hydraulic resistance of the sump. An inertial centrifugal-gravity inertial filter with tangential inlet is also known [patent No. RU 131645 U1, IPC B01D43 / 00, F16L55 / 24, date publ. 08.27.2013], which contains a vertically arranged cylindrical body with upper and lower covers, inlet and outlet nozzles, the upper cover contains a drainage pipe to remove pop-up contaminants and an air cushion, and a pipe with a crane is installed in the bottom cover along the filter axis for periodic removal of detainees impurities. The inlet pipe is located tangentially with respect to the filter housing and at an angle to the vertical axis of the housing. The outlet pipe is installed vertically above the upper housing cover and is made L-shaped for lateral water drainage. On the expanding part (the water-guiding surface in the form of a truncated cone) of the inner vertical pipe, inclined vanes are installed to direct the fluid flow. The filter is mounted on four profile metal supports. The flow enters the housing through the inlet pipe, passes through a narrow section between the walls of the housing and the expanding water-guiding surface, accelerating and twisting by means of inclined vanes, enters the settling zone of the filter, where impurities fall out, then the flow rotates through 180 ° through the vertical pipe and the outlet the nozzle exits the filter. However, the analysis of the known technical solution showed that the execution of only one expanding section of the pipe (made in the form of a truncated cone) with installed blades is not enough to effectively reduce the flow rate, as a result of which the entire flow has high speeds, which creates excessive turbulence. The layers of contaminated and purified water are constantly mixed, which contributes to the ingress of finely dispersed contaminants (whose size is less than 0.1 mm) into the by-pass stream.

Known filter sump vertical inertia [patent No. RU 115037 U1, IPC F16L55 / 24, date publ. 04/20/2012], which is a vertical pressure cylindrical apparatus containing a cylindrical body with an upper and lower bottom. The device is mounted on supports, in the case there is a manhole for inspection and repair of the device. An inlet pipe for supplying water is mounted in the upper bottom, and drainage pipes are installed to remove pop-up contaminants and an air cushion. Pipes are welded into the bottom to remove trapped impurities. An outlet pipe is installed in the lower part of the housing for the removal of purified water. The upper part of the outlet pipe is made as a pipe segment vertically located inside the housing coaxially with the inlet pipe. Three perforated sections formed in the form of horizontally arranged rows of through holes are formed in the walls of the pipe. The total area of the through holes of each section is calculated so as to ensure the most efficient capture of contaminants. The upper end of the pipe is located under the inlet pipe and is equipped with a conical bump visor. Along the pipe between it and the cylindrical body in the zones where the perforated sections are located, cone-shaped elements expanding downward are installed. Under each element along the pipe, one cone-shaped element expanding upside down (inverted) is additionally installed. The largest diameter of each conical element located above the inverted element exceeds the largest diameter of the inverted conical element.

Also known is a vertical inertial dirt filter (FGVI) [patent No. RU 115038 U1, IPC F16L55 / 24, date publ. 04/20/2012], containing a vertically arranged cylindrical body with upper and lower bottoms, as well as with inlet and outlet nozzles, while part of the outlet nozzle is made as a pipe segment vertically located inside the housing, in the walls of which perforated sections are formed in the form of horizontally arranged rows of through holes, and the upper end of the pipe is located under the inlet pipe and is equipped with a conical bump visor, and along the pipe between it and the cylindrical body in the areas of perforation sections, cone-shaped elements expanding downward are arranged, characterized in that the outlet pipe is L-shaped for lateral drainage of purified water, and cone-shaped elements expanding upward (inverted) are installed along each pipe along the pipe, and the maximum diameter of each cone-shaped element expanding downward is the maximum diameter of the cone-shaped element expanding upwards located under it.

In the filters described above for patents No. RU115037U1, RU115038U1, the space between the generatrices of the cone-shaped elements (expanding downward) and the central vertical pipe provides a laminar flow regime of the medium, which provides a higher degree of water purification. Inverted cone-shaped elements located under the above-mentioned cone-shaped elements provide an additional distribution of water flows in order to more completely remove mechanical impurities from the perforated sections. The separation of contaminants occurs as a result of a combination of gravitational forces when the flow moves from top to bottom, as well as inertia when the flow velocity decreases and its direction of movement changes. However, as a disadvantage of the filters described above, the absence of a tangentially located inlet pipe should be noted, which eliminates the imparting of rotational motion to the fluid flow and thereby reduces the efficiency of separation of contaminant particles due to centrifugal force.

It should also be noted that in technical solutions known from the prior art, the entire set of known design measures aimed at increasing the degree of water purification is not implemented.

As a technical solution (prototype), structurally closest to the claimed utility model, the proposed device for cleaning liquid media from impurities "[patent No. RU 120577 U1, IPC B01D43 / 00, date publ. 09/27/2012], designed to remove heavy and light fractions of contaminants from the main stream and aimed at increasing the efficiency of water treatment.

A device for cleaning liquid media (water) from impurities is a dirt filter containing a vertically arranged cylindrical body with a cover and a bottom, treatment (drainage) pipes, an inlet pipe buried in the body, and an outlet pipe installed in the bottom of the body and located on body axis. Also along the vertical axis of the housing in the housing is a pipe rigidly connected to the outlet pipe. The inlet pipe is made in the form of a pipe mounted tangentially to the body, introduced into the side of the body and having a tapering (in comparison with the inlet) outlet section, providing an input jet supply, in a shape close to flat. The other, opposite, upper end of the pipe is closed by a water-guiding surface (cover), the shape of which allows water to move along it towards the bottom. On the pipe, around it, along its length, water-guiding surfaces (water-guiding elements) are installed, the shape of which allows water to slide along them towards the bottom, namely, the water-guiding elements can be made, for example, in the form of a truncated cone or, for example, a cup-shaped ( i.e. the surface generatrix is an arc). Each water-guiding element with its wide, lower part is connected to the annular element, which is a cylindrical shell. Through-out openings in the form of longitudinal slots are made in pipe sections covered by water-guiding elements. The slots can be made with a length decreasing sequentially in the direction from the inlet to the outlet, i.e. top down. A chamber is formed in the upper part of the housing between the upper cover and the truncated cone (plate) mounted under it, i.e. a truncated cone expanding upwards (plate) is installed between the housing cover and the baffle water-guiding surface that covers the upper end of the central axial pipe. The camera is equipped with a treatment pipe located at the upper point of the housing. At the bottom of the casing, cleaning pipes are installed to remove dirt.

The flow of water (liquid) enters through the tangentially located inlet pipe into the housing, while receiving a rotational movement. In this case, gases and easily floating particles are released from the incoming flow, which, rising, are collected above the plate in the upper chamber, where the flow motion damps. Accumulations accumulated in the upper chamber above the plate are periodically removed through a drain pipe made in the housing cover. Rotating due to inertia, the fluid flow drops downward, moving along the water-guiding surfaces and passing in the annular gaps between the housing and the shells, while the particles of contaminants are thrown to the periphery of the flow to the inner wall of the housing and begin to settle down, the fluid flow is divided: one part of the flow containing the purified liquid, turning 180 °, enters under the water-guiding surface and leaves through the longitudinal slots in the central axial tube, and the other part of the stream, containing still untreated dkost continues downward rotational movement. Particles of contamination continue to concentrate at the inner wall of the casing and settle on the bottom of the casing, where they accumulate and periodically are removed through drainage treatment pipes to remove dirt. Thus, particles of heavy contaminants are separated from the liquid during the rotation of the downward flow of the medium and rotation of the flow through 180 ° under each water-guiding surface and are deposited downward by gravity, inertia, and also as a result of the action of centrifugal force, and the purified liquid is discharged from the central axial pipe out through the outlet pipe. Under the water-guiding surfaces, conditions are created for the laminar flow pattern, while under each of the subsequent water-guiding elements the flow velocity decreases, which increases the degree of water purification.

However, it should be noted that the known technical solution does not provide for the implementation of a number of design measures aimed at improving the efficiency of separation of cleaned and contaminated layers of the stream due to a more complete removal of mechanical impurities from the cleaned water stream, namely

installation of guide vanes providing centrifugal forced directivity of the downward flow and increase in centrifugal force acting on the flow and particles contained therein is not provided;

it is not intended to install a plate expanding upwards under each water guide element (located around the perforated pipe section), designed to divert turbulent flows from the specified pipe section.

It should also be noted that the implementation in a known technical solution of a tapering inlet nozzle providing an inlet jet in a shape close to flat, when the filter is in operation, leads to the formation of an inhomogeneous flow and an increase in its turbulence.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed utility model, is to increase the efficiency of separation of cleaned and contaminated layers of the water stream due to a more complete removal of mechanical impurities from the cleaned stream during the operation of the dirt filter, and, consequently, increase the degree of water purification.

To achieve the above technical result, a dirt filter is proposed, which contains a vertically arranged cylindrical housing, inlet and outlet pipes. The housing is equipped with a cover and a bottom. The inlet pipe is installed tangentially to the housing. A pipe located coaxially to the body is installed inside the body, the lower end of the pipe is equipped with an outlet pipe, and the upper end of the pipe is closed by a lid. A plate is installed between the housing cover and the cover covering the upper end of the pipe. At least three water-guiding elements are installed along the pipe, each of which is located around the pipe and is made expanding downward. Under each water guide element there is a ring connected to the bottom of the water guide element, under which it is located. Through-holes are made in pipe sections around which water-guiding elements are installed. Moreover, according to the claimed technical solution, around the ring connected to the lower part of the upper, located first (in the direction of flow), water guide element, guide vanes are installed in the space between the body wall and the ring, connected to the ring, and under each water guide element around the pipe a plate is installed, expanding upward, and the larger diameter of the water guide element exceeds the larger diameter of the plate located under this water guide element.

The implementation of the inventive utility model, in contrast to the prototype, of guide vanes as described above, provides centrifugal forced directivity of the flow down along the wall of the housing and an increase (due to the additional promotion of the flow) of the centrifugal force acting on the flow and particles of mechanical impurities contained in it As a result, particles of mechanical impurities experience a more intense effect of centrifugal force, which presses them against the wall of the body, where the turbulence and flow rate are lower (i.e., the mode echeniya more laminar), whereby dirt particles not captured by turbulent eddies in the central zone of the flow, and deposited down into the collection zone.

Also, the implementation in the claimed utility model, unlike the prototype, of the plates under each water-guiding element, as described above, ensures the removal of turbulent flows of contaminated water from pipe sections where the holes are made, which prevents suspended particles from entering the cleaned stream, provides more efficient separation layers of purified and contaminated water, reduces flow turbulence and improves the hydrodynamics of water treatment.

Thus, the implementation in the claimed utility model of guide vanes and plates, expanding upward and installed under each water-guiding element, allows the filter to carry out, in comparison with the prototype, a more efficient separation of cleaned and contaminated streams, and, therefore, a more complete removal of mechanical impurities from the cleaned stream, thereby increasing the degree of water purification.

It should also be noted that the results of model and full-scale tests of prototypes confirmed a significant increase in the degree of water purification when three or more pipe sections are made with through holes and water-guiding elements are installed around them, since a laminar regime is provided in the space between the surface of the water-guiding element and the pipe flow, which positively affects the cleaning efficiency. When performing one or two pipe sections with through holes made, the necessary laminar flow is not provided. The number of sections with through holes made, surrounded by water guiding elements, is determined taking into account the overall design limitations of a particular filter.

In order to simplify installation work, the inlet pipe can be installed at an angle of 90º to the vertical axis of the housing with a tolerance of ± 3º.

Depending on the layout of the equipment at the installation site of the mud filter, the outlet pipe of the filter can be located coaxially to the pipe, which realizes the removal of purified water vertically downward. It is also possible to perform in which the axis of the outlet pipe is located at an angle to the vertical axis of the pipe (in particular, the outlet pipe can be made L-shaped), which implements a side drain of purified water. It should be noted that, depending on the installation tasks, the axis of the outlet pipe may be located at different angles with respect to the axis of the inlet pipe, including may be located in the direction of the inlet pipe.

In order to improve the hydrodynamics of the flow of water entering the filter through the inlet pipe, to form a flow that flows smoothly over the cross section of the housing, the cover covering the upper end of the pipe can be made in the form of a conical element that extends downward.

In order to more efficiently collect impurities that pop up and prevent them from mixing with a falling water stream, a plate installed between the housing cover and the cover covering the upper end of the pipe can be made in the form of a cone expanding upward.

The simplest and most technologically advanced implementation of the water guiding elements and at the same time ensuring uniform distribution of the downward flow is the execution of each water guiding element in the form of a truncated cone expanding downward.

The simplest and most technologically advanced embodiment of a ring connected to the lower part of a water-guiding element, while ensuring a uniform gap between the ring and the filter housing, is a ring in which it is a cylindrical shell.

In order to further increase the centrifugal force acting on the flow and particles of mechanical impurities contained therein, around each ring connected to the lower part of the water guide element located lower than the first water guide element, guide vanes connected to the ring wall can be additionally installed, around which they are mounted.

In order to create the optimal (greatest) centrifugal force acting on particles of mechanical impurities in the direction from the center to the outside and providing them with pressure against the housing wall and deposition downward, the guide vanes can be mounted obliquely to the vertical axis of the housing, while the angle between the vertical axis of the housing and the transverse axis of each of the guide vanes is (45 ÷ 60) º. The results of experimental studies of prototypes when installing blades with an angle of inclination from 5º to 85º with a step of 5º showed that it is in the range from 45º to 60º that the most efficient deposition of impurity particles occurs (by the amount of filtered sediment).

The simplest and most technologically advanced embodiment of a plate (expanding upward) mounted under a water-guiding element is its execution in the form of a truncated cone. In this case, the plate is installed in such a way that there is an annular gap between the inner diameter of the smaller base of the truncated cone and the pipe surface, which makes it possible for particles of mechanical impurities to fall down through this gap.

In order to ensure the possibility of removing impurities that have surfaced upward, as well as mechanical impurities that have settled down, drainage pipes are made in the housing cover and in the bottom of the housing, respectively.

In order to reduce the turbulence of the water flow and its speed, contributing to the separation of the layers of contaminated and purified water, the total area of through holes made in each section of the pipe around which the water guide element is installed can be gradually reduced from the upper section to the lower section.

Graphic materials contain an example of a specific implementation of the inertial-gravity filter-sump.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a general view of a sump filter, with a 1/4 cut-out.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows the location of the guide vanes.

The mud filter (Fig. 1) contains a vertically arranged cylindrical housing 1 with a cover 2 and a bottom 3. The housing is mounted on supports 4.

Entrance pipe 5 is brought tangentially to the housing 1 to supply a stream of water to be cleaned. With a lateral tangential water supply, swirling of the flow and the appearance of centrifugal forces that press the particles of impurities to the inner surface of the filter housing wall are ensured. It is optimal for the inlet pipe 5 to be installed at an angle of (90 ± 3) º to the vertical axis 7 of the housing 1, which ensures manufacturability and ease of installation of the filter in place.

Inside the housing 1, a pipe 8 is installed, designed to collect purified water. The pipe 8 is located on the vertical axis of the housing, the lower end of the pipe is equipped with an outlet pipe 9, through which purified water enters the external pipe for further purification or supply to the consumer. In the presented example, the implementation of the filter-sump output pipe 9 is located at an angle to the pipe 8 to provide lateral drainage of purified water. Also, the outlet pipe can be located on the vertical axis 7 of the housing 1 (and, accordingly, the pipe 8). The location of the outlet pipe 9 is dictated by the installation requirements and the implementation of the external section of the pipeline connected to the outlet pipe.

At the upper end of the pipe 8, a cover 10 is installed that covers the inner space of the pipe 8. The cover 10 is made in the form of a conical element that extends downward, which ensures smooth flowing downward of the incoming stream. Between the cover 2 of the housing 1 and the cover 10, a plate 11 is installed, which ensures the retention of pop-up contaminants and reduces the turbulence of the flow in the space under the cover 2 of the housing. The plate 11 is made in the form of a cone expanding upwards, the shape of which contributes to a better retention of emerging contaminants, for the periodic discharge of which a drainage pipe 12 is made in the cover 2 of the housing 1. Moreover, there is an annular gap between the wide part of the plate (the base of the cone) and the filter housing 1 so that pop-up impurities fell into the space between the plate 11 and the cover 2.

Along the pipe 8, water-guiding elements 14 are installed (in the presented example, three water-guiding elements are made), each of which is located around the pipe 8 (coaxially to the pipe) and is made in the form of a truncated cone, expanding downward, rigidly connected to the surface of the pipe 8 (for example, by welding ) A ring 15 (also located coaxially to the pipe 8) is connected to the lower part of each water-guiding element 14, for example, made of a strip of sheet metal, the ends of which are connected by welding. Ring 15 may be a cylindrical or conical shell. In the FIG. 1 example ring 15 is made in the form of a cylindrical shell. The implementation of the cylindrical shell provides the creation between the wall 16 of the housing 1 and the shell 15 of the annular gap, in which during the operation of the filter a downward flow direction is formed, while the formation of vortex flows under the water-guiding surfaces of the elements 14 is reduced. In order to increase the structural rigidity of the water-guiding elements 14 with welded to them shells (rings) 15 in the inner space of each element 14 installed (welded) ribs 17 located radially. Each rib 17 is welded with one end to the shell 15, the other to the wall of the pipe 8.

Through-holes 18 are made in sections of the pipe 8 around which the water-guiding elements 14 are installed, through which purified water enters the pipe 8. The water-guiding elements 14 close the sections of the pipe 8, through which the through-holes 18 are made, preventing the particles from entering the filter through the openings 18 into the pipe 8 for collecting purified water. The holes 18 can be made of various shapes, in particular they can be round, slit-like (longitudinal slots), etc. Usually, in order to equalize the hydraulic head along the length of the pipe, the size of the holes made in each section is successively reduced from the upper section to the lower. In this case, the total area of the holes made in one section of the pipe determines the area of the passage section of this section, which determines the amount of water discharged in this section (i.e., the zonal distribution of water flow). The cross-sectional area and, accordingly, the size of the through holes in each area where these holes are made, is determined on the basis of a given forced exit of the estimated volume of the water flow.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a dirt filter around each ring 15 (shell) has guide vanes 19 arranged obliquely (in the direction of flow) in such a way as to allow the flow to move downward with additional swirling of the flow in order to increase the centrifugal force acting on the flow and particles of pollution in it. The guide vanes are made in the form of flat plates located radially with respect to the ring 15 (i.e., the longitudinal axis of the plate is located in the direction of the radius of the ring). In this case, the guide vanes are inclined relative to its longitudinal axis (i.e., inclined to the vertical axis 7 of the housing 1 and, accordingly, the axis of the pipe 8 and the ring 15), forming an angle γ between the vertical axis 7 of the housing 1 and the transverse axis of each of the guide vanes (Fig. 2).

As noted earlier, in order to create the optimal (greatest) centrifugal force acting on the flow and particles of mechanical impurities in it and providing the most efficient deposition of impurity particles, the inclination angle γ of the guide vanes must be performed (45 ÷ 60) º. In the presented exemplary embodiment, the angle γ is 45 ° (Fig. 2), the blades are located in the radial direction with respect to the ring 15 in the space between the ring 15 and the wall 16 of the housing 1 and are rigidly connected to the ring 15 (welded). The blades mounted around the upper ring 15 connected to the upper (in the direction of flow) water-guiding element 14 can be made not only welded to the ring 15, but also to the wall 16 of the housing 1, which will provide more rigid fastening of the pipeline (pipe 8 with pipe 9) in the housing 1. The guide vanes located below are installed with a gap between the blade and the housing.

Under each water-guiding element 14, a plate 20 is installed, made in the form of a truncated cone expanding upwards, and the element 14 overlaps the plate 20 located below it, since the larger diameter of the element 14 exceeds the larger diameter of the plate 20 located under it. The plate 20 is designed to divert turbulent flows of contaminated water from sections of the pipe 8 with holes 18, which improves the hydrodynamics of water treatment. In addition, the plate 20 delays trapped particles under the element 14 of impurities. The plate is located coaxially to the pipe 8 (around the pipe) and is mounted on it. The plate is made and installed in such a way that there is an annular gap between the inner diameter of the smaller base of the truncated cone and the pipe surface, which allows particles of mechanical impurities deposited on the plate 20 to fall down during the operation of the filter.

In the bottom 3 (in the zone of accumulation of settled sediments), a drainage pipe 21 is made, which makes it possible to discharge settled particles of mechanical impurities.

In the lower part of the housing 1, a manhole 22 is made, which allows cleaning the inner surface of the bottom 3 during maintenance work.

Structural elements of the mud filter can be made of materials commonly used for such devices, in particular, sheet and pipe products.

The mud filter works as follows.

The contaminated water stream enters the housing 1 through the outlet (in Fig. Not indicated) of the inlet 5 located in the space between the cover 10, which covers the top of the pipe 8, and the plate 11, located under the cover 2 of the housing 1. Due to the tangential feed into the housing the flow acquires a rotational movement along the wall of the housing. When the stream exits from the outlet section of the inlet pipe 5 into the internal space of the housing 1, air bubbles, pop-up impurities and substances are released from the stream, which rise upward and, passing through the annular gap between the edge of the plate 11 and the wall of the body, are collected in the space between the plate 11 and cover 2 cases. The substances accumulated in this space are protected by a plate 11 from the incoming turbulent flow.

A downward rotating flow (moving under the action of gravity and inertia) is lowered onto a conical cover 10, which covers the upper end of the pipe 8, and smoothly spreads over the cross section of the casing and flows around the surface of the first (upper) flow direction of the water guide element 14, while flowing around the surface of the element 14 the flow rate decreases, the flow regime becomes more laminar. It should be noted that the cover 10 can be made, for example, flat, then the flow coming into the housing will be distributed spreading over the surface of the first (upper) water-guiding element 14. Next, the flow passes in the annular gap between the wall 16 of the housing 1 and the ring 15 (cylindrical shell ), where a downward flow direction is formed, and turbulence also decreases (the formation of vortices decreases). When the flow of water is distributed along the surface of the water guide element and in the annular gap, a laminar flow pattern is formed. The guide vanes 19, located in the same annular gap, additionally give the flow a forced rotational movement downward, increasing the centrifugal force pressing mechanical impurities to the inner wall of the housing, i.e. removing particles of impurities to the periphery of the stream into the zone of a more laminar flow, thereby increasing the separation efficiency of the cleaned and contaminated layers of the stream. Particles of mechanical contaminants (impurities) brought into the peripheral zone to the body wall under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating flow (due to the tangential feed and additional unwinding of the guide vanes) settle down on the bottom of the body under the action of gravity (taking into account the action of the buoyant archimedean force). Then the stream is split. The part of the stream containing the purified liquid without particles of impurities rotates through 180 ° and flows under the surface of the first water-guiding element 14, where through the holes 18 it goes into the pipe 8 to collect the purified liquid and then through the outlet pipe 9 connected to an external pipeline (in FIG. not shown), sent to the network or to the consumer. The plate 20, made in the form of a truncated cone expanding upward and located under the water guide element 14, provides an additional reduction in flow turbulence, improving the overall hydrodynamics of the filter, captures and traps impurities trapped in the space between the element 14 and the pipe 8, which together provides a more efficient separation of flows purified and contaminated water. The contaminants that fall on the plate 20 fall into the annular gap between the smaller base of the truncated cone and the pipe 8.

The portion of the stream containing the crude liquid continues a downward rotational movement. In the next (second) section, all processes proceed as described above. The stream flows around the surface of the second water-guiding element 14. At the same time, the elements 14, covering sections of the pipe 8 with holes 18, prevent particles of contaminants from entering the pipe through the holes 18. The stream passes into the annular gap between the wall 16 of the housing 1 and the ring 15 (cylindrical shell) of the second water-guiding element 14, flow turbulence is reduced. In the presented exemplary embodiment of the mud filter, guide vanes 19 are also installed in this annular gap, providing additional centrifugal forced directivity of the downward flow and an increase in centrifugal force. As a result, particles of impurities continue to concentrate under the action of centrifugal force in the peripheral zone of the flow near the wall of the casing and settle downward under the action of gravity, while the flow is again divided: purified water flows under the surface of the second water-guiding element 14, making a 180 ° rotation, and through holes 18 to the pipe section 8, around which the second water guide element 14 is installed, enters the pipe 8. The plate 20, installed in the second section, provides for the removal of turbulent flows, delays trapped particles of impurities, contributing to the separation of cleaned and contaminated layers of the stream.

The remaining part of the still-crude liquid stream continues to rotate downward and will fall in the next (third) section into the annular gap between the wall 16 of the housing 1 and the ring 15 (cylindrical shell) of the third water-guiding element 14, in which the blades 19 are also installed. The separation of impurity particles occurs similarly described above. The cleaned stream goes under the surface of the third water guide element 14 and further, through the holes 18, into the pipe 8. The plate 20, installed in the third section, also provides for the removal of turbulent flows and delays particles of impurities. Particles of contaminants settle down on the bottom of the housing 3, where they accumulate and periodically are removed through the drainage pipe 21. Cleaning the inner surface of the bottom 3 is carried out through the manhole 22 during maintenance work.

After the removal in each section of the pipe 8 with through holes 18 of a predetermined volume of water, determined by the total area of the holes in this section, the flow rate decreases consecutively, the turbulence of the stream decreases, and the total area of the holes (the size of the holes, in particular, the length of the longitudinal slots) decreases in each section from the upper section to the lower one provides equalization of the hydraulic pressure, which increases the degree of water purification.

Thus, due to the creation of guide vanes 19 of an additional centrifugal forced directivity of the downward flow and an increase in centrifugal force, as well as an additional removal of turbulent flows by plates 20, the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, provides an increase in the separation efficiency of cleaned and contaminated layers during the operation of the dirt filter flow due to a more complete removal of particles of mechanical impurities, which, in turn, provides an increase in the degree of purification in dy.

Claims (13)

1. Filter-sump, characterized in that it contains a vertically arranged cylindrical housing, inlet and outlet nozzles; the case is equipped with a cover and a bottom; the inlet pipe is installed tangentially to the housing; a pipe is installed inside the casing, which is aligned with the casing; the lower end of the pipe is equipped with an outlet pipe, and the upper end of the pipe is closed by a lid; a plate is installed between the housing cover and the cover covering the upper end of the pipe; at least three water-guiding elements are installed along the pipe, each of which is located around the pipe and is made expanding downward; under each water guide element there is a ring connected to the lower part of the water guide element, under which it is located; through sections of the pipe around which water guiding elements are installed, through holes are made; guide vanes connected to the ring are installed around the ring connected to the lower part of the upper first water-guiding element in the space between the housing wall and the ring; under each water-guiding element around the pipe there is a plate expanding upward, and the larger diameter of the water-guiding element exceeds the larger diameter of the plate located under this water-guiding element. 2. The mud filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet pipe is installed at an angle of (90 ± 3) º to the vertical axis of the housing. 3. The mud filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe is located coaxially with the pipe. 4. The mud filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the outlet pipe is located at an angle to the vertical axis of the pipe. 5. The mud filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid covering the upper end of the pipe is made in the form of a conical element that extends downward. 6. The sump filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate mounted between the housing cover and the lid covering the upper end of the pipe is made in the form of a cone expanding upward. 7. The mud filter according to claim 1, characterized in that each water guide element is made in the form of a truncated cone, expanding downward. 8. The dirt filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring is a cylindrical shell. 9. The sump filter according to claim 1, characterized in that around each ring connected to the lower part of the water guide element located lower than the first water guide element, guide vanes are additionally mounted connected to the wall of the ring around which they are installed. 10. The sump filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide vanes are mounted obliquely to the vertical axis of the housing, the angle between the vertical axis of the housing and the transverse axis of each of the guide vanes is 45-60 °. 11. The sump filter according to claim 1, characterized in that each plate installed under the water guide element is made in the form of a truncated cone, while the plate is installed in such a way that there is an annular gap between the inner diameter of the smaller base of the truncated cone and the pipe surface. 12. The mud filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage pipes are made in the housing cover and in the bottom of the housing. 13. The sump filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the total area of through holes made in each section of the pipe around which the water guide element is installed, decreases sequentially from the upper section to the lower section.

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