RU192774U1 - Pole Inductor Machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to the field of electric machines and can be used in induction motors and generators with the same-pole excitation flux, which closes axially-radially through an external closed magnetic circuit. The purpose of the device is to simplify the design and reduce the consumption of winding copper. The goal in the same-pole inductor a machine containing a stator package with a multiphase winding of an armature of 2mp uniformly distributed identical coils, where m is the number of phases, p is the number of pole pairs, located On the pronounced pole protrusions of the package, one coil on each pole protrusion, a gear rotor and an externally closed magnetic circuit designed to close the excitation flux in the axial radial direction, consisting of a stator housing, smooth forromagnetic cylinders on the stator and on the rotor, located on both the sides of the stator packet, and the air gap between them is achieved by the fact that the winding coils are connected in two parallel m-phase stars, equipped with zero-point leads, with the consonant inclusion of coils in the phases of each star at p≥2, with the beginning of the coils connected to the zero point of the first star, and the ends of the coils to the zero point of the second star, and the first phase of the first star is formed by coils with numbers 2N-1 + 2mK, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from the coil, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N is the phase number, K = 0, 1, ..., (p-1), and the phases of the second star are formed by coils with even numbers.

Description

The solution relates to the field of electrical machines and can be used in induction motors and generators with the same-pole excitation flux, which closes axially-radially through an external closed magnetic circuit.

Known same-pole induction machines containing a two-pack stator with armature coil coils, an excitation coil (coil), and a gear rotor, with the excitation flux locked in the axial radial direction through the rotor and stator packets in opposite directions (see the book Electrical Machines, AND .P. Kopylov, M. Energoatomizdat, 1986, 360 pp., P. 289, Fig. 4.96).

The disadvantages of the known solutions are the design complexity and the increased dimension in the axial direction, due to the doubled number of frontal parts and the presence of a coil that creates an excitation field.

Known are the same-named pole induction motors with a permanent magnet located between two sections of the gear rotor, with the closure of the excitation flux created by the magnet in the axial radial direction (Electricity, 2015, No. 2, pp. 54-59 and Electrical Engineering, 2018, No. 3 ) The disadvantages of the known engine are the limited ability to control the characteristics due to the invariance of the excitation flux created by the permanent magnet, and the limited possibility of a short-term increase (forcing) of the moment by increasing the armature current above the nominal value, due to the high magnetic resistance of the magnet material.

Known of the same name pole induction machine, equipped with a three-phase-single-phase combined winding according to ed. testimonial. USSR No. 1676007, M.cl. Н02 3/28, B.I. No. 33, 1991. It consists of coil groups (coils, with the number of grooves per pole and phase q = 1) connected in two parallel three-phase stars with isolated zero points, which are points of equal potential relative to the voltage across the phase clamps. When feeding the phase clamps with three-phase voltage, it creates a rotating magnetic field of the armature. When the star’s zero points are fed with a constant voltage, which can be applied simultaneously with the voltage at the phase clamps, it creates a fixed unipolar field of excitation, which closes around the frontal parts through an externally closed magnetic circuit.

The disadvantages of the known solutions are high losses in creating an excitation field due to increased active resistance due to the increased length of the frontal parts of the coils with a diametrical pitch. These parts are the most heated parts of the machine, heat removal from them is difficult due to the lack of contact with the magnetic circuit, which limits the permissible current density in the wires, and hence the power of the machine with this winding. In addition, the step of the coils diametrical leads to a significant increase in the departure of the frontal parts, and therefore, to increase the axial dimension of the machine as a whole.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is the same-pole induction machine containing a stator package, a gear rotor and an external closed magnetic circuit designed to close the excitation flux in the axial-radial direction, with a multiphase armature winding and a separate excitation winding (coil) on stator (Smirnov A.Yu. Induction machines. Design and computational analysis. Special course - M .: FORUM: INFRA-M, 2015, 192 p., p. 13, Fig. 2.8, a). The coil necessary to create an excitation flow in this machine complicates its design, increases the dimensions and consumption of winding copper.

The task is to simplify the design and reduce the consumption of winding copper.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the same-pole induction machine containing a stator package with a multiphase winding of an armature of 2 mp uniformly distributed identical coils, where m is the number of phases, p is the number of pole pairs located on the pronounced pole projections of the package, one at a time a coil on each pole protrusion, a gear rotor and an externally closed magnetic circuit designed to close the excitation flux in the axial radial direction, consisting of a stator housing, smooth ferromagnetic cylinders on a stat re and on the rotor located on both sides of the stator package and the air gap between them, the winding coils are connected in two parallel m-phase stars, equipped with zero-point leads, with the coils in each phase turning on at p≥2, with connecting to the zero point of the first star started the coils, and to the zero point of the second star the ends of the coils, and the first phase of the first star is formed by coils with numbers 2N-1 + 2mK, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from the coil, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N - fa number PS, K = 0.1, ..., (p-1), and the phases of the second star are formed by coils with even numbers. In the same-pole induction machine, the armature winding is made three-phase, with the first phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 4 + 6K, the second phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, and the third phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 2 + 6K. In the same-pole induction machine, the armature winding is five-phase, with the first phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, the second phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 8 + 6K, the third phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, fourth the second star phase is formed by coils with numbers 2 + 6K, and the fifth phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 4 + 6K.

The set goal in the same-pole induction machine containing a stator package with a multiphase winding of an armature of 2mp uniformly distributed identical coils, where m is the number of phases, p is the number of pole pairs located on the pronounced pole projections of the package, one coil on each pole protrusion , a gear rotor and an externally closed magnetic circuit designed to close the excitation flux in the axial radial direction, consisting of a stator housing, smooth forromagnetic cylinders on the stator and on the rotor, is located on both sides of the stator packet, and the air gap between them is achieved by the fact that the winding coils are connected in two parallel m-phase stars equipped with zero-point leads, with the coils turned on in phases of each star at p≥2, with connection to the zero point the first star started the coils, and to the zero point of the second star, the ends of the coils, the first phase of the first star formed by coils with numbers 2N-1 + 2mK, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from the coil, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N is the phase number , K = 0, 1, ..., (p-1), and the phases of the second star are formed by coils with even numbers.

In the embodiment of the proposed induction machine with a three-phase winding, the first phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 4 + 6K, the second phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, and the third phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 2 + 6K.

In the embodiment of the proposed induction machine with a five-phase winding, the first phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, the second phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 8 + 6K, the third phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 10 + 6K, the fourth phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 2 + 6K, and the fifth phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 4 + 6K.

Based on the essence of the invention, its distinguishing features are:

1) the formation of the phases of the first star, the number of which can be two or more, by coils with numbers 2N-1 + 2mK, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from the coil, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N is the phase number, K = 0, 1 , ..., (p-1);

2) the formation of the phases of the second star by coils with even numbers;

3) inclusion of a variant of a machine with a three-phase winding in the first phase of the second star of coils with numbers 4 + 6K, in the second phase of the second star of coils with numbers 6 + 6K, and in the third phase of the second star of coils with numbers 2 + 6K;

4) inclusion of a variant of a machine with a five-phase winding in the first phase of the second star of coils with numbers 6 + 6K, in the second phase of the second star of coils with numbers 8 + 6K, in the third phase of the second star of coils with numbers 10 + 6K, in the fourth phase of the second star coils with numbers 2 + 6K, in the fifth phase of the second star of coils with numbers 4 + 6K.

The first and second signs provide the formation of parallel stars with equipotential zero points, relative to any voltage applied to the clamps of the stars when they are turned on in parallel.

The third and fourth signs ensure the identity of the parallel connected winding stars with respect to the voltage applied to the phase clamps, in three and five phase versions, respectively.

According to the first three signs, three-phase-single-phase combined windings consisting of parallel-connected stars with derived zero points are known (V. Popov. Three-phase-single-phase windings for combined electric machines. Electricity, 1992, No. 4). The principle of the distribution of the coils by the phases of the stars in these windings is similar to that used in the winding of the proposed induction machine. However, it differs in terms of the distribution of coils between the rays of parallel stars. In these windings, coils (coil groups) are included in each star, forming all the poles of the winding. In the proposed solution, the coils of each phase of each star are formed in half, through one, of all poles. This difference ensures the constancy of the direction of the current in the frontal parts, along the circumference of the space occupied by them. In machines with these windings, the frontal parts are not designed to create an excitation flow, and the field that closes around them is a scattering field.

Thus, we can conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed induction machine.

In FIG. 2 is a transverse section through a stator and rotor magnetic circuit, in a variant with a three-phase armature winding.

In FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an induction machine with comb tooth zones on a stator.

The device contains: a stator package 1, a winding 2, a steel casing 3, a gear magnetic rotor 4, a shaft 5, a working clearance 6, bearings 7 and 8, bearing shields 9 and 10, steel bushings 11 and 12, steel bushings of the rotor 13 and 14, smooth gaps 15 and 16, coils 17, comb tooth zones on the stator 18.

In FIG. 4 - electric circuit of the winding in a three-phase version, with the number of pole pairs equal to two, p = 2, indicating the direction of the current of the frontal parts when feeding the star’s zero points.

In FIG. 5 is an integral distribution curve of the MDS of a rotating field generated by the winding of FIG. 3.

In FIG. 6 is an electrical diagram of the proposed winding in a variant with a minimum number of phases — a two-phase variant.

In FIG. 7 - electric circuit of the winding in a multiphase (five-phase) version with a minimum number of pairs of poles of a rotating field, p = 1.

The device contains (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) a package of stator 1 with distinct poles evenly distributed around the circumference of the package, on which the winding 2 is located. The package of stator 1 is installed inside the steel casing 3. Inside the stator package there is a rotor consisting of a toothed magnetic circuit the rotor 4, mounted on the shaft 5. Together with the pole projections of the stator package 1, the rotor 4 magnetic core forms a working clearance 6. The rotor is mounted in bearings 7 and 8 inside the bearing shields 9 and 10, and steel bushings 11 and 12. Shields and bushings are part th external closed magnetic circuit. It is also formed by steel sleeves of the rotor 13 and 14, and smooth gaps 15 and 16.

The number of teeth Z on the toothed magnetic circuit of rotor 4 differs from the number of pronounced pole projections N of package 1 by the number of pairs of poles p formed by winding 2. As a rule, it is less than the number of pole protrusions

Z = N-p,

but it is also possible that the number of rotor teeth exceeds the number of pole protrusions by the number of pairs of poles of p.

In addition, possible variants of the proposed induction machine with comb tooth zones on the stator 18 (Fig. 3). In this case, the number of teeth Z on the tooth magnetic circuit of the rotor 4 increases in proportion to the number of teeth made on the comb tooth zone 18 of one pole protrusion of the stator package.

The winding 2 (Fig. 4, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) consists of coils 17 located on the pronounced poles of the magnetic circuit. The number of pole protrusions, as well as coils, N is 2mp, where m is the number of phases, p is the number of pole pairs that the winding forms around the circumference of the stator packet. The first phase of the first star is formed by coils with numbers 2N-l + 2mK, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from coil 19, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N is the phase number, K = 0.1, ..., (p-1) ( and then coils 20-30), and the phases of the second star are formed by coils with even numbers.

In a variant of a machine with a three-phase four-pole winding (Fig. 4), the total number of coils is 2⋅3⋅2 = 12. The connection diagram of the coils 17 of such a winding is presented in figure 4, where the numbers of the coils are assigned the numbers of the grooves, counted along the circumference of the stator package, starting from the groove 19, arbitrarily taken as the first, and then 20-30. Coils are connected in two parallel stars with a consonant inclusion of coils in the phases of each star. The stars are equipped with common conclusions of the phases of the same name A, B, and C, and with separate conclusions of the zero points of stars 01 and 02, isolated from each other. The zero point of the first star 01 is formed by connecting to it a zero of the beginning of the coils of the phase branches, and the zero point of the second star 02 is formed by connecting the ends of the coils of the phase of the branches to it.

Induction machine operates as follows. When feeding terminals A, B, C with a three-phase voltage, a rotating 2p = 4 pole field is created. The integral distribution curve of the MDS of this field (Fig. 5) is plotted for the point in time at which the current of phase A is equal to the doubled current of phases B and C and is opposite in direction.

When the zero points 01 of the first star and 02 of the second star are supplied with direct current around the frontal parts of the coils, a stationary field of unchanged polarity is created, since the current in all the frontal parts has the same direction shown by arrows in FIG. 4. In this case, the current on the frontal parts of the coils on each side of the stator package 1 forms a circle that creates a stationary field of excitation.

The field created by the currents of the left (in Fig. 1) frontal parts of the coils crosses the working gap 6 and closes axially-radially through the stator package 1, housing 3, the left end magnetic circuit 9, the axial magnetic circuit of the stator 11, the left smooth gap 15, axial magnetic circuit of the rotor 13 and the gear package of the rotor 4.

The field created by the currents of the right frontal parts of the coils intersects the working gap 6 and closes axially radially through the stator package 1, housing 3, the right end magnetic circuit 10, the axial magnetic circuit of the stator 12, the right smooth gap 16, the axial magnetic circuit of the rotor 14 and the gear rotor package 4.

As a result of the interaction of a stationary field of excitation created by the frontal parts of the winding when feeding the zero points of stars 01 and 02, and a rotating field created by connecting the clamps of phases A, B, C to a three-phase voltage source, the inductor machine develops a rotating electromagnetic moment. The distribution curve of the MDS of this field, constructed for a point in time at which the phase A current is equal to twice the current of phases B and C, and opposite in direction, is shown in FIG. 5.

The proposed winding can be used in the same-pole induction motors to simplify the design and reduce the consumption of winding copper by eliminating a separate field winding and structural elements that ensure its fastening inside the stator housing.

The minimum number of phases of a rotating field at which the proposed machine can be created is two. In particular, with a four-pole rotating field, 2p = 4, its winding contains

2mp = 2⋅2⋅2 = 8

uniformly distributed identical coils, with the inclusion of coils with numbers 2N-l + 2mK in the first phase of a two-beam star, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from coil 19, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N is the phase number, K = 0.1, ... , (p-1), and the phases of the second star are formed by coils with even numbers (Fig. 6). A two-phase voltage in a circuit with such a winding is provided by parallel connection of capacitors to zero points and the clamping of one of the phases, for example, to the clamp of phase B.

The minimum number of pairs of poles of a multiphase rotating field on which the proposed winding can be made is one, p = 1 (two-pole machine). In this case, there is no sign of a consonant inclusion of coils in the phases of each star, since the rays of stars in this embodiment contain only one coil (Fig. 7, a variant with five-phase stars creating a multiphase rotating field). The phases of the first star (m = 5) of this winding are formed by coils with numbers N + 2mK = 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, and the phases of the second star are formed by coils with numbers 6, 8, 10, 2 and 4, for phases A, B, C, D and E of the first and second stars, respectively, starting from the coil 19, arbitrarily taken as the first.

It is proposed to use the proposed device instead of an induction machine with a permanent magnet on the rotor. Its use will provide greater opportunities for regulating the motor torque by changing the excitation flux and briefly boost the current above the nominal value.

Claims (3)

1. The same-pole induction machine containing a stator package with a multiphase armature winding of 2mp equally distributed identical coils, where m is the number of phases, p is the number of pole pairs located on the pronounced pole projections of the package, one coil on each pole protrusion, a gear rotor and an externally closed magnetic circuit designed to close the excitation flux in the axial radial direction, consisting of a stator housing, smooth ferromagnetic cylinders on the stator and on the rotor located on both sides s of the stator packet and the air gap between them, characterized in that the winding coils are connected in two parallel m-phase stars, equipped with zero-point leads, with the coils turned on in phases of each star with p≥2, with the first star connected to the zero point started the coils, and to the zero point of the second star - the ends of the coils, and the first phase of the first star is formed by coils with numbers 2N-1 + 2mK, counted along the circumference of the stator packet, starting from the coil, arbitrarily taken as the first, where N is the phase number, K = 0, 1, ..., (p-1), and φ PS second star formed coils with even numbers. 2. The same-pole induction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature winding is three-phase, with the first phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 4 + 6K, the second phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, and the third phase of the second stars formed by coils with numbers 2 + 6K. 3. The same-pole induction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature winding is five-phase, with the first phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 6 + 6K, the second phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 8 + 6K, the third phase of the second star formed by coils with numbers 10 + 6K, the fourth phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 2 + 6K, and the fifth phase of the second star is formed by coils with numbers 4 + 6K.

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