RU191942U1 - Portable Microsurgical Plasma Scalpel Coagulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to surgery, and can be used in clinical and experimental microsurgery, in particular, for high-precision (precision) bloodless dissection of muscles, blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, highly accurate ( precision) coagulation of human soft tissues and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) stopping of bleeding, high-precision (precision) plasma welding of human soft tissues and experimental animals both in a hospital, and in the conditions of military operations and emergency situations. The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the fact that the portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel-coagulator, which is a compact device powered by a constant current source with a voltage of 4.5 to 12 volts and made in a single pen body with optimal weight and size parameters, and structurally adapted for use in microsurgery due to the fact that the main electronic components are located in the proximal part of the handle body of the device, and only an insulated high-voltage conductor, a button and a collet holder for removable electrodes, generating a high-temperature (5000-50000 K) plasma, which is formed as a result of ionization (combustion) of atmospheric air located between the working replaceable electrode of a portable microsurgical plasma scalpel, is located in the working part of the device’s handle housing coagulator and tissue of a person or an experimental animal, under the conditions of an electric arc of a high-frequency (from 20 kHz) alternating high-voltage (from 1 to 5 KV) current. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of medicine, namely to surgery, and can be used in clinical and experimental microsurgery in particular for high-precision (precision) bloodless dissection of muscles, blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, highly accurate ( precision) coagulation of human soft tissues and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) stopping of bleeding, high-precision (precision) plasma welding of human soft tissues and experimental animals both in a hospital, and in the conditions of military operations and emergency situations.

To date, analogs are used to solve such problems in medicine, which, due to their design features, do not allow performing high-precision (precision) manipulations with tissues. Therefore, their use in microsurgery is not possible. In addition, their relatively bulky sizes reduce the mobility of the devices, and their consumption of power from the household power supply eliminates the possibility of using them in combat and emergency situations. Thus, at present, there is no device for use in microsurgery, which makes it possible to accurately dissect bloodless muscles, vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, coagulate soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, stop bleeding and carry out plasma welding soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, not only in the hospital, but also in combat and emergency situations.

One of the analogues of the invention is an electrosurgical device (RF patent No. 2145818, IPC 7 А61В 18/00, АВВ 18/12, publ. 2000.02.27), which provides coagulation of tissues without direct contact of the electrode and tissue due to the generation of high-frequency (440 kHz s a repetition rate of 20-60 kHz) of a high voltage (2.5-5 kV) alternating electric current, providing charge accumulation at the end of a working electrode having a spherical or hemispherical shape. When this electrode is brought to tissues at a distance of 2-5 mm, an electrical discharge occurs. Thus, taking into account the shape of the working electrode (spherical or hemispherical), as well as the property of an electric discharge passing over the shortest distance, precision (high precision) manipulation is impossible, which excludes the possibility of using this device in microsurgery. In addition, the need to use up to 10 m of a high-voltage cable leading to the active electrode creates the prerequisites for the defeat of medical personnel by high-voltage current (up to 5 kV).

The described disadvantages are partially eliminated in another analogue of the proposed portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator: a device for coagulation and stimulation of healing of wound defects of biological tissues (RF patent No. 2138213, IPC 6 A61B 17/39, publ. 1999.09.27). The main disadvantages of this device are: the large size and weight of the working part, the need to use additional gas equipment, as well as the relatively large area of the coagulation region, which excludes the possibility of using this device in microsurgery due to the impossibility of creating conditions for the precision of manipulations.

The closest analogue of the proposed portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel-coagulator is a non-contact electrosurgical apparatus (RF patent No. 122800, IPC 8 AB 18/12, publ. 2012.05.23), which is selected as the prototype of the invention. The source of high voltage in this device is a resonant LC circuit, consisting of a high-voltage cylindrical capacitor on which an inductor is wound, placed along the entire axial line of the cylindrical body and tuned in resonance with the high-frequency voltage generator.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are as follows:

1. The device is not structurally adapted and is not intended for use in microsurgery.

2. In the application materials there are no parameters of the generated electric current.

3. Due to the presence of a forced cooling system, the dimensions of the working handle of the “cylindrical body” of the device increase, which impedes the performance of high-precision (precision) manipulations with tissues.

4. A controller for the parameters of the generated electric current is not provided.

5. The high-frequency voltage generator (440 kHz and amplitude up to 200 V) is moved outside the handle of the device, which increases the overall dimensions of the device reducing its mobility.

6. An electric current with a frequency of 440 kHz and an amplitude of up to 200 V, which is a source of electromagnetic waves, passes through a low-voltage cable connecting the high-frequency voltage generator and the resonant LC circuit.

7. Due to the presence of a resonant LC circuit in the cylindrical case of the device, consisting of a high-voltage cylindrical capacitor on which an inductance coil is wound, the dimensions of the device handle do not allow performing high-precision (precision) manipulations with tissues.

8. Power is provided only from household electrical outlets.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is the use of a portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator in clinical and experimental microsurgery to perform high-precision (precision) bloodless dissection of muscles, blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) coagulation of human soft tissues and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) stopping of bleeding, high-precision (precision) plasma (electronic o) human soft tissue fusion and experimental animals not only in the hospital, but in combat situations and emergencies.

The solution to this problem is ensured by the fact that in a portable microsurgical plasma scalpel-coagulator, consisting of a constant current source, a single pen body and replaceable electrodes, a constant electric current source, a high voltage generator, a switch and an electric current parameter regulator are located in the proximal part of the pen body devices, and an insulated high-voltage conductor, a button and a collet holder for interchangeable electronic odov.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the fact that the portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel-coagulator is a compact device, powered by a constant current source with a voltage of 4.5 to 12 volts and made in a single pen case with optimal weight and size parameters and structurally adapted for use in microsurgery due to the fact that the main electronic components are located in the proximal part of the handle body of the device, and only an insulated high-voltage conductor, a button and a collet holder for interchangeable electrodes, generating a high-temperature (5000-50000 K) plasma generated as a result of ionization (combustion) of atmospheric air located between the working interchangeable electrode of a portable microsurgical plasma scalpel, can be accommodated in the working part of the handle-case of the device coagulator and tissue of a person or an experimental animal, under the conditions of an electric arc of a high-frequency (from 20 kHz) alternating high-voltage (from 1 to 5 KV) current.

A utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1, which schematically shows a plasmascalpel-coagulator device, and also FIG. 2, which shows the plasma formed during operation and the modes of operation of the device — coagulation, incision.

A portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel coagulator is shown schematically in FIG. 1 and consists of a constant current source (1), a single pen body (2) and a working replaceable electrode (3). A constant electric current source (1), which is an element supplying a portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel-coagulator element, generating a constant electric current with a voltage of 4.5 to 12 volts, can be presented as a power supply unit (4) connected to a household network, or in the form of a portable battery (5). A single pen body (2) is connected to a direct current source through a low-voltage cable (8) and has optimal weight and size parameters and is structurally adapted for use in microsurgery due to the fact that the main electronic components (located, for example, on a printed circuit board) (9 ), a high-voltage generator (10), a switch (11), and an electric current parameter regulator (12) are located in the proximal part of the handle body of the device (6), and only an insulated high voltage fits in the working part of the handle body of the device (7) a solid conductor (13), a button (14) and a collet holder for interchangeable electrodes (15), which allows reliable fixation of interchangeable electrodes (3) of various shapes, diameters and configurations (needle electrode, loop electrode, ball electrode, etc. )

The principle of operation of a portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel-coagulator is as follows. When the working electrode 3 is brought to the tissue at a distance of 2-5 mm, an electrical breakdown occurs during which a spark discharge arises between the working electrode of the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel coagulator and the tissue of a human or experimental animal, impulse closing the electric circuit (a monopolar working electrode is human tissue or experimental animal). Electrons in spark discharges ionize molecules in the air gap between the working electrode of a portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator and tissue of a person or an experimental animal in which plasma is formed (Fig. 2c), which contributes to a significant drop in the breakdown voltage or resistance of the air gap, which contributes to the conversion of spark discharges into arc discharge - “plasma cord” between the electrodes, which is a plasma tunnel. Therefore, the electric arc is not only a source of stable high-temperature (5000-50000 K) plasma (Fig. 2c), but also a conductor that closes the electric circuit between the working electrode of the portable microsurgical plasma scalpel-coagulator and human or experimental animal tissue, through which a high-voltage (from 1 to 5 kV) high-frequency (from 20 kHz) alternating current, which, thanks to the "skin effect", spreads further only on the surface of human or experimental animal tissue. Thus, a portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel coagulator generates stable high-temperature (5000-50000 K) plasma (Fig. 2c), due to which dissection (Fig. 2b), coagulation (Fig. 2a) or welding of soft tissues of humans and experimental animals ( depending on the length of the air gap and the parameters of the generated alternating current) in the zone of direct formation of high-temperature (5000-50000 K) plasma (Fig. 2c), without damaging the deeper layers due to the resulting "skin effect", which in combination with The use of replaceable electrodes 3 suitable for microsurgery makes it possible to perform high-precision (precision) bloodless dissection of muscles, blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) coagulation of soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, and high-precision (precision) stopping of bleeding , high-precision (precision) plasma welding of soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, both in a hospital and in combat conditions, and are extraordinary situations.

The operating mode of the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator (the "dissection" mode is shown in Fig. 2b, and the "coagulation" mode in Fig. 2a) depends on the distance between the working electrode of the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator and the tissue of a person or an experimental animal. For example, for bloodless dissection (the “dissection” mode is shown in Fig. 2b) of human or experimental animal tissues, the distance between the working electrode of the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator and human or experimental animal tissue should be so small that there is no contact between the working electrode of the portable microsurgical plasma scalpel -coagulator with dissected tissues, but not more than the distance at which the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel the oagulator starts to work in the “coagulation” mode.

Thus, using a portable microsurgical plasmascalpel coagulator, high-precision (precision) bloodless dissection of muscles, blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) coagulation of soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) stop bleeding, high-precision (precision) plasma welding of human soft tissues and experimental animals can be performed with one device only by changing the need th moment of the distance between the working electrode handheld microsurgical plazmaskalpelya coagulator and tissue of human or experimental animal.

Distinctive features that provide the advantage of a portable microsurgical plasmascalpel coagulator over analogues are as follows:

1. The device is structurally adapted and intended for use in microsurgery;

2. An electric arc with optimal parameters for use in microsurgery is used;

3. The electric arc used has a length of up to 5 mm (an average arc of 1-2 mm is used), which determines the minimum heating of the working electrode, which is cooled by the surrounding air, without requiring additional active cooling, which reduces the dimensions of the working handle, reducing its dimensions, creating conditions for the use of a portable microsurgical plasmascalpel-coagulator in microsurgery;

4. Due to the presence of a regulator of the parameters of the generated electric current, the selection of the optimal parameters of the generated electric current for specific tasks is ensured, which increases the precision of micromanipulations;

5. The device is made in a single pen-case, in which the main electronic components are located in the proximal part of the pen-case of the device, and in the working part of the pen-case of the device only an insulated high-voltage conductor, a button and a collet holder for interchangeable electrodes are located, thereby reducing it thickness to the parameters necessary for microsurgery;

6. A safe electric current with a voltage of up to 12 V passes through the low-voltage supply cable;

7. Due to the optimal layout of the electronic components, the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel coagulator has such weight and size parameters that it can be used in microsurgery for high-precision (precision) manipulations with tissues;

8. Power is provided from 4.5 to 12 V, which allows using not only power from the mains via a compact power supply, but also a portable compact battery, which makes the portable microsurgical plasmascalpel coagulator as mobile as possible and allows using it for microsurgery not only in stationary conditions, but also in combat and emergency situations.

All this allows the use of a portable microsurgical plasmascalpel coagulator in clinical and experimental microsurgery to perform high-precision (precision) bloodless dissection of muscles, blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes and other soft tissues of humans and experimental animals, high-precision (precision) coagulation of human soft tissues and experimental animals , high-precision (precision) stopping of bleeding, high-precision (precision) plasma (electro) welding of human soft tissues and animal animals not only in a hospital, but also in conditions of military operations and emergency situations.

The conducted experimental studies showed versatile functionality, as well as the ease of use of the invention, which for the first time demonstrates the possibility of using the energy of high-temperature plasma in microsurgery.

Claims (1)

A portable microsurgical plasmaskalpel coagulator, consisting of a constant current source, a single pen body and replaceable electrodes, characterized in that a constant current source, a high voltage generator, a switch and an electric current parameter regulator are located in the proximal part of the pen body, and An insulated high-voltage conductor, a button and a collet holder for replaceable electrodes are placed on the working part of the device’s handle body.

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