RU191582U1 - A device for observing the optical state of the sky within the visible hemisphere - Google Patents

Abstract

The device relates to measuring instruments and can be used for round-the-clock and year-round observation of the optical state of the visible hemisphere of the sky. A device for observing the optical state of the sky within the visible hemisphere consists of a digital photo detector with an ultra-wide-angle lens such as a FishEye, a lunar-solar screen with a biaxial rotary unit, a control unit and a computer, while the lunar-solar screen is made in the form of a disk on an external rod, diameter the disk is 40% larger than the optical window and the lunar-solar screen is set taking into account the visible angular size of the screen, the position of the rod in azimuth and elevation is set by a biaxial rotary unit, control of the rotary unit m is performed by the control unit, which is calculated on the current position of the sun / moon. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of the cloudiness score by color in the daytime and by the presence of stars at night. 1 ill.

Description

The device relates to measuring devices, in particular to devices and devices for measuring two or more variables, and can be used for round-the-clock and year-round observation of the optical state of the visible hemisphere of the sky. The device can be used to control the atmospheric-optical and meteorological conditions of the atmosphere.

Known "Sensor of night cloudiness." The sensor contains a lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit, and a star catalog memory unit. In addition, a shaper of a television array of stars, a shaper of a catalog array of stars, a block for identifying stars, a transmitter of transparency of the atmosphere, and a shaper of clouds are added to the sensor. The calculation of the nightly transparency of the atmosphere is carried out by identifying the brightness of television and catalog stars. The technical result is to ensure the operation of the sensor in automatic mode, increasing the objectivity and accuracy of night cloud assessment. (RU 2436133, Zdor S.E., Kolinko V.I.).

The main disadvantage of this sensor is the inability to operate around the clock.

 It is known AUTOMATIC TOTAL SKY IMAGER MODEL TSI-880 ("Automatic device for shooting the sky"), http://yesinc.com/products/data/tsi880/tsi-880ds.pdf), described, inter alia, in S.V. Zuev, A.A. Tikhomirov "Cloudiness monitoring for database of local weather", Proc. SPIE 6160, Twelfth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics / Atmospheric Physics, 61600U (April 21, 2006); doi: 10.1117 / 12.675238. The device consists of a spherical mirror, an analog camera with digitization and image processing on a computer, and a protective screen with a sun tracking system. The disadvantages of the device are the instability of determining the cloudiness score due to the low informativeness of the color characteristics of the image and low spatial resolution. Protection against flare is made in the form of a plate, which significantly covers the field of view of the system.

Known "Device for determining the total cloud cover based on direct digital wide-angle images of the visible hemisphere of the sky." The device comprises a data recording system in the form of a digital camera with a wide-angle lens, a position control unit for the registration system, including a three-axis free fall acceleration sensor, a three-axis rotation sensor and a geographical position sensor, a control unit for recording and data processing. The data recording control unit is connected by digital communication lines to the data registration system and to the position control unit, the latter being rigidly interconnected to form a single outdoor installation. The technical result is to increase the reliability, objectivity and accuracy of determining the total score, and the ability to register the visible spatial structure of the clouds in digital format. (RU 2589463, Krinitsky M.A., Gulev S.K., Sinitsyn A.V.).

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of protection from direct sunlight, which can lead to damage to the photodetector or to overexposure of the image in the area near the Sun (Moon) and increase the error in determining the boundaries of the cloud field.

Known "Device for recognizing the forms of cloudiness" and its quantity in the spatio-temporal structure of radiation in the infrared.

The cloud shape recognition device comprises a radiometer, a scanning system, a data recording and processing system (registration unit).

The technical result is to increase the speed of the device and the ability to register a hemispherical image with a tunable resolution of the cloud radiation field for its recognition by spatial structure (RU 2331853, Tretyakov ND, Allenov M.I., Ivanov V.N.).

The disadvantages of the device are: the inability to operate around the clock, insufficient completeness and reliability of the results, low reliability due to the presence of a mechanical scanning device that forms the basis of the meter and includes rapidly rotating parts.

The closest analogue to the proposed utility model is "ALL SKY IMAGER" (US 2004/0169770 A1, Kevin B., Charles N. Long). The authors of this invention propose to use a digital camera with high resolution mounted on a solar tracker that monitors the position of the sun. To protect the camera from direct sunlight, the solar tracker is equipped with a protective screen (ball).

The main disadvantage of the device is the inaccuracy in determining cloudiness parameters associated with the large size of the shading screen (ball) in the recorded image of the sky due to the small distance (600 mm) from the center of the screen (ball) to the protective dome. The second drawback is the lack of constant reference to the cardinal points of the recorded images of the sky due to the continuous tracking by the tracker of the position of the Sun in the sky, and consequently inaccuracies in determining the coordinates of clouds.

The objective of the technical solution is to create a device for round-the-clock and year-round observation of the optical state of the visible hemisphere of the sky, determination of the total cloud cover, and the state of the atmosphere based on wide-angle high-resolution images of the visible hemisphere of the sky.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the reliability of estimating cloud cover by color in the daytime and by the presence of stars at night.

Achieving the indicated result is ensured by the fact that the device consists of an optical unit with a digital photodetector with an ultra-wide-angle lens such as FishEye, placed in an air conditioning box, a protective lunar-solar screen with an electromechanical drive, and a computer for data management and processing.

The essence of the utility model is that for observing the optical state of the sky within the visible hemisphere, the accumulating device processes the images of the sky obtained by a digital photo detector with an ultra-wide-angle lens such as FishEye (mounted in front of the optical window). To protect the input optical window (7) with a diameter of D from solar illumination by day and moon at night, a movable lunar-solar screen is used, the diameter of which S is ~ 40% larger: S = 1.4 D. The distance L from the center of the screen to the center of the protective dome is determined by the optimal visible angular size. This size completely cleans the optical system from exposure and at the same time minimizes the field of view of the photodetector. The lunar-solar screen is made in the form of a disk on a remote bar. The position of the rod in azimuth and elevation is set by a biaxial rotary unit. The control of the rotary unit is carried out from the control unit, on which the current position of the Sun / Moon is calculated. The device is made in a sealed and thermostabilized case, which allows its use in the open air. Image processing and control of the device is carried out by means of a computer.

All elements of the device are in constructive unity.

The device consists (Fig. 1) of:

1. Thermostabilized housing;

2. Digital photo detector with an ultra-wide-angle lens such as "FishEye";

3. Lunar-solar screen (FEL);

4. Biaxial rotary unit;

5. The control unit;

6. computers;

7. Optical window.

The block diagram of a device for observing the optical state of the sky within the visible hemisphere is shown in figure 1.

The principle of operation of the device.

A digital photodetector with an ultra-wide-angle lens such as FishEye (2) periodically photographs the upper hemisphere of the sky, the image is transmitted to a computer, where, depending on the time of day, the total cloudiness is estimated using one of the two algorithms.

The assessment of the total cloudiness score is carried out automatically based on the set of color and statistical characteristics of the recorded cloudiness images. The presence of stars in the image indicates the absence of a screening object (clouds). To protect the photodetector from the bright light of the Sun / Moon, a movable lunar-solar screen is used (3). A computer (6) coordinates the location of the device’s position and the current time automatically determines the current position of the Sun / Moon and transfers data to the control unit (5), which generates control signals and transmits them to the biaxial rotary unit (4), which moves the screen to a predetermined position .

Claims (1)

A device for observing the optical state of the sky within the visible hemisphere, consisting of a digital photo detector with an ultra-wide-angle lens such as FishEye, a lunar-solar screen with a biaxial rotary unit, a control unit and a computer, characterized in that the lunar-solar screen is made in the form of a remote disk rod, the disk diameter is 40% larger than the optical window and the lunar-solar screen is set taking into account the visible angular size of the screen, the position of the rod in azimuth and elevation is set by a biaxial rotary unit, control ovorotnym block is made from the control unit, which is calculated on the current position of the sun / moon.

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