RU191376U1 - A device for distinguishing ultra-wideband short-pulse signals during radio exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for distinguishing ultra-wideband short-pulse signals during radio communication with short sporadic encoded digital messages between an information receiving center and several subscribers. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of distinguishing information signals and decoding digital information, as well as simplifying the circuitry implementation of the device and reducing its energy consumption. The first low-noise amplifier (LNA) and the first attenuator, the first device of the direct signal channel (UWSP) time window and the first threshold direct signal channel device (PUSP), the processing and control unit (BOW), the synchronization unit (BS) and the first device are introduced into the device time window of the direct noise channel (UVOSHP); the first forward channel threshold signal conditioner (FSSP), the second LNA, the second attenuator, the second inverse signal channel time window device (UWSI) and the second inverse signal channel threshold device (SITF), the second inverse channel threshold signal conditioner (FPSI), the second temporary device windows of the inverse noise channel (ATTACHMENTS).

Description

The utility model relates to devices for distinguishing ultra-wideband short-pulse signals during radio communication with short sporadic encoded digital messages between the point of reception (collection) of information and several subscribers (sources of useful information), i.e. to elements of radio data lines operating in session (start-stop) mode.

Complicated (noise-like) signals (UWB) are traditionally used to increase the noise immunity (stealth and noise immunity) of transmitted messages, improve the electromagnetic compatibility of radio devices operating in the same position area, as well as in address communication systems to provide simultaneous access to each other of many subscribers who are actively working in the general range of operating frequencies. In the practice of using UWB radio communications, the type of modulation plays an important role in the formation of sparse UWB signals, since it determines the flexibility when varying their basic parameters, such as the ease of processing a pulse sequence and the duty cycle of a pulse sequence.

The main types of modulation and a description of their features are presented in [1]. In most applications, the most commonly used method is position-pulse modulation (PPM, in the Latin version of PPM - Pulse-Position Modulation), for example, [2, 4]. In this case, the flow of reference pulses follows at equal distances from each other on the time axis, and a logical zero or logical unit are located to the left or right of the reference pulse at selected distances. The disadvantages of this type of modulation include high requirements for system synchronization and stability of the reference pulse generator [1].

However, there are works where other types of modulation are used. For example, in [3], the improvement of the correlation characteristics of pulsed UWB signals is achieved by the formation of sequences of monopolar pulses, in which the rate of rise (decrease) of the pause between UWB pulses varies.

In the sources of information that are devoted to analytical studies and modeling of radio systems and tools, it is conventionally decided to distinguish two parts in the receiving device: the first decision circuit, the main function of which is signal detection, implementation and support of cyclic synchronization; the second decisive scheme, the main task of which is to organize the process of distinguishing information zeros and ones and decode information, provided that the signal is detected and the synchronization accuracy necessary to start receiving information is achieved. Species and monographs are devoted to the types and features of both the first and second decision schemes. For example, the monograph [5] completely, and the monograph [6] partially investigates the detection and synchronization of complex noise-like signals. In the same monograph [6], another part of the research, and in the book [7], most of the chapters are devoted to the analysis of variants of the second decision scheme.

In the receiving device [4] mentioned above, in addition to PPM, the author used pulse polarity modulation (MPI) and their combination (PPM-MPI). It is known [8] that the pulse shape of UWB signals is subject to distortion: when emitted by an antenna system, in a signal propagation environment (the wider the band of working frequencies of a signal, the stronger these distortions) when received by an antenna system. Therefore, it is obvious that in order to effectively distinguish UWB signals with similar types of modulation, an increased signal-to-noise ratio on the receiving side is necessary. In addition, this receiver does not adapt the detection threshold to a change in the noise environment, which will also negatively affect the probabilistic characteristics of distinguishing UWB signals of this type of modulation.

The patent [9] provides a useful model of a transceiver module that uses ultra-wideband signals generated by code sequences of the same length containing ten logical units separated by a different number of samples for radio exchange. Code sequences modulating information zeros and information units are identical in content, but differ in the period of the arrangement of pulses. In this case, the pulses are filled with high-frequency oscillation, that is, UWB signals are received in the communication channel, which are streams of radio pulses of different duty cycle for information zeros and information units. In the reception mode, the amplitude detection of radio pulses is carried out, at which they are limited from below to zero. Next, envelopes of limited radio pulses are distinguished and the resulting video pulses are amplified, which are fed to the input of the comparator in order to obtain normalized rectangular pulses suitable for processing in the interface until the final result is obtained. The disadvantages of this approach include the following. The limitation of radio pulses from below will be characterized by corresponding energy losses. Distinguishing information symbols by the duration of UWB signals (or by the duty cycle) leads to more stringent requirements for synchronization accuracy. Obtaining the declared gain is achieved by a large complication of the algorithm for processing UWB signals. Finally, as in [4], in the receiver of this transceiver module there is no adaptation of the detection threshold to a change in the noise environment, which will reduce the reliability of distinguishing UWB signals of this type of modulation.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the receiving part of the communication system with a high speed information transmission ultra-wideband signals, given in [10], p. 7-12., Fig. 1, adopted as a prototype.

The functional diagram of the prototype device is shown in FIG. 1, where indicated:

1 - low noise amplifier (LNA);

2 - attenuator (ATT);

3 - the device of the time window of the signal channel (ASIA);

4 - threshold device channel signal (CCP);

5 - the device of the time window of the noise channel (UVOSH);

6 - shaper of the threshold voltage of the signal channel (FPS);

7 - block synchronization (BS);

8 - processing and control unit (BOW);

9 - power divider (DM);

10 - buffer device channel signal (BUS);

11 - driver of the threshold voltage of the noise channel (FPSH);

12 - threshold device noise channel (PUSH);

13 - buffer device noise channel (BUSH).

The prototype device contains a series-connected low-noise amplifier 1, attenuator 2, power divider 9, a device for a temporary window of the signal channel 3, a threshold device for the signal channel 4, a buffer device for the signal channel 10, the output of which is connected to the first input of the processing and control unit 8, the output is whose input is the output-input of the prototype device. In addition, the second output of the power divider 9 through a series-connected device of the time window of the noise channel 5, the threshold device of the noise channel 12 and the buffer device of the noise channel 13 is connected to the second input of the processing and control unit 8, the output of which is connected to the control inputs of the attenuator 2, synchronization unit 7, the driver of the threshold voltage of the signal channel 6 and the driver of the threshold voltage of the noise channel 11. The outputs of the drivers of the threshold voltage of the signal channel 6 and the threshold voltage of the noise channel 11 connected to the second inputs of the ICP 4 and the PCM 12, respectively. The first and second outputs of the synchronization unit 7 are connected to the second inputs of the signal channel 3 time window device and the noise channel 5 time window device, respectively. The signal input of the synchronization unit 7 is an input of signals from the output of the switch of narrow-band filters (not shown in Fig. 1). At the same time, the sequentially connected air-safety control devices 3, CCP 4 and CSC 10 form a signal channel; serially connected UVOSH 5, PUSH 12 and BUSH 13 form a noise channel. The input of a low-noise amplifier 1 is a signal input from an antenna switch (not shown in FIG. 1).

The prototype device operates as follows.

To generate the UWB signal, position-pulse modulation is used, and the shape of the pulses is close to one sine period. Before starting work, the receiver is calibrated against external noise in order to set the reference voltages supplied to the inputs of the control panel 4 and the control panel 12. The antenna receives a complex signal consisting of a harmonic signal, a UWB signal, and channel noise. A harmonic signal is extracted and synchronizes the frequency of BS 7 with the frequency of the transmitting side, accurate to phase. In the same way, the transmitting side is synchronized from the receiving side. As soon as mutual synchronization of subscribers is established, UWB signals are allowed to carry useful information.

Two channels of the device provide parallel reception. One channel is used to receive a signal, the second - to assess the level of external noise. The basis of each channel is a sensitive PUS 4 and a sensitive PUSH 12. Reception in the signal and noise channels is carried out in the corresponding time intervals (windows) formed by UVOS 3 and UVOS 5, respectively. Reception of a UWB pulse of a signal in a window, the duration of which is not much longer than the duration of the pulse itself, allows for increased noise immunity. UWB signal after amplification in LNA 1 is fed through АТТ 2 to the input of the power divider 9, from the first and second outputs of which the signal processed by UVOS 3 and UVOSh 5 is supplied respectively to the first inputs of the control switch 4 and the push switch 12, from the outputs of which through the corresponding BUS 10 and BUSH 13 signals are fed to the first and second inputs of the BOW 8, respectively, where they are processed by a digital signal processor (DSP), which is part of the BOW 8 (not shown in Fig. 1). The DSP analyzes the level of the received signal and the received noise, decides on the received information symbol and transfers it to the decoder buffer. The microcontroller (the microcontroller and the decoder buffer is contained in the BOU 8) allows or prohibits the operation of synchronization circuits and adjusts the threshold voltage supplied to the second inputs of the control panel 4 and the control panel 12. Here the threshold voltage is set equal to half the maximum voltage of the received UWB signal pulse. To implement automatic adjustment of the threshold voltage, the probability of error per bit of the received signal is estimated and, depending on the processing results, the sensitivity of the communication system receiver is adjusted with a high data rate of UWB signals by adjusting the thresholds in FPNS 6 and FPNS 11. Adjustment of the receiver dynamic range - The prototype is produced using ATT 2. According to the results of the analysis, BS 7 is also controlled.

The disadvantages inherent in the prototype device, in addition to those indicated for analogues from [4] and [8] regarding the type of modulation used, include the following. The need to use powerful computing tools, for example, DSPs, which, as a rule, consume a lot of energy. In addition, in order to estimate the probability of error per bit of information in the noise channel, a threshold device and a threshold driver for it are additionally introduced, which complicates the circuitry implementation.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the reliability of distinguishing information signals and decoding digital information, as well as to simplify the circuitry implementation of the device and reduce its power consumption.

To solve this problem, a device for distinguishing ultra-wideband short-pulse signals during radio communication, comprising a first low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a first attenuator connected in series, a first direct signal channel (UVSP) time window device and a first direct signal channel threshold device (PUSP) as well as series-connected processing and control unit (BOW), synchronization unit (BS) and the first device of the time window direct noise New Channel (UVShP); the first output of the BS is connected to the second input of the first UVSP, the third output of the BOW through the first driver of the threshold signal of the direct channel (FPSP) is connected to the second input of the first PUPS; the first output of the BOC is connected to the second input of the first attenuator, the first output-input of the BOC is the output-input of the device, the input of the first LNA is the input of the device, according to the utility model, the second LNA, the second attenuator, and the second device of the time window of the inverse signal channel are introduced ) and the second threshold device of the inverse signal channel (PUSI), the output of which is connected to the third input of the BOW, the third output of which through the second driver of the threshold signal of the inverse channel (PPSI) with one with a second input of the second ICMP, wherein the output of the second attenuator via a second device time window inverse noise channel (UVOSHI) connected to the fourth input BOU, the second output of which is connected to a second input of the second attenuator; the output of the first attenuator is connected to the input of the air exhaust unit and, via the air exhaust line, to the second input of the BOU, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first air passage, in addition, the first output of the BS is connected to the second input of the second air passage, the second output of the BS is connected to the second input of the air passage; the fourth output of the BOW is control, the fifth input of the BOW is synchronizing; the connection of the BOW and the synchronization unit is an input-output; the input of the second LNA is connected to the input of the first LNA.

Functional diagram of the proposed device is shown in FIG. 2, where indicated:

1.1, 1.2 - the first and second low-noise amplifiers (LNA);

2.1, 2.2 - the first and second attenuators (ATT);

3.1 - the device of the time window of the direct signal channel (UVOSP);

3.2 - the device of the time window of the inverse signal channel (SUSE);

4.1 - threshold device direct signal channel (CAP);

4.2 - threshold device of the inverse signal channel (PUSI);

5.1 - the device of the time window of the direct noise channel (UVOSHP);

5.2 - the device of the time window of the inverse noise channel (ATTACHMENTS);

6.1 - shaper threshold signal direct channel (FPSP);

6.2 - shaper threshold signal of the inverse channel (FPSI);

7 - block synchronization (BS);

8 - processing and control unit (BOW).

The proposed device contains four channels, two of which are signal, and two are noise. Moreover, one of the signal channels is designed to process a direct UWB signal that carries an information unit, therefore it is called a “direct” signal channel and in the abbreviations denoting the name of the blocks included in this channel, the letter P is at the end. Another signal channel is intended for processing the inverse signal with respect to the direct UWB signal, which carries information zero, therefore it is called the “inverse” signal channel and in abbreviations denoting the name of the blocks included in this channel at the end of um letter I. Similarly, for noise channels that have names "direct" channel noise and the "inverse" noise channel. Any pair of channels of a “direct” signal channel plus a “direct” noise channel (indicated by P in Fig. 2) or an “inverse” signal channel plus a “inverse” noise channel (indicated by And in Fig. 2) performs the same functions as and a pair of similar channels in the prototype device.

The proposed device contains a series-connected first LNA 1.1, the first attenuator 2.1, the first air exhaust control 3.1 and the first missile defense 4.1, the output of which is connected to the first input of the BOW 8, the first output-input of which is the output-input of the device. Sequentially connected to the second LNA 1.2, the second attenuator 2.2, the second SUSP 3.2 and the second ICP 4.2, the output of which is connected to the third input of the BOC 8, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the first ATT 2.1; the second output of the BOW 8 is connected to the second input of the second ATT 2.2. In this case, the first output of the BS 7 is connected to the second inputs of the first UVOSP 3.1 and the second ALSO 5.2; the second output of BS 7 is connected to the second inputs of the first VHOSP 5.1 and the second VUOSI 3.2. The third output of the BOW 8 through the first FPPS 6.1 is connected to the second input of the first PUPS 4.1 and through the second FPPS 6.2 to the second input of the second PUPS 4.2. In addition, the output of the first ATT 2.1 through the first VHWS 5.1 is connected to the second input of the BOW 8; the output of the second ATT 2.2 through the second ALOUT 5.2 is connected to the fourth input of the BOW 8, the second output-input of which is connected to the input-output of the BS 7. Moreover, the inputs of the first 1.1 and second 1.2 LNA are combined and are the input of the device for useful signals to be processed. The fifth input of the BOW 8 is an input for cyclic synchronization signals. The fourth output of the BOW 8 is the output of the control signals, allowing access to useful signals.

The inventive device operates as follows.

The direct and inverse UWB signals are formed according to the following principle: a certain code is selected (here the 24-element Neumann-Hoffman code is the most balanced), the pauses between pulses of this code are proportional to the numbers of a pseudorandom numerical sequence of the same length. Then, for the direct UWB signal, the positions corresponding to the units of the Neumann-Hoffman code are selected as temporary pulse positions, and for the inverse of the UWB signal, the positions corresponding to the zeros of the Neumann-Hoffman code are selected as temporary positions. In this case, a random number of pauses can either precede the first pulses of UWB signals, or be inserted behind their last pulses. In FIG. 3a) presents a direct signal, and in FIG. 3b) - inverse to him. In FIG. 3c), d) shows a short section of these UWB signals, where the shape of the emitted pulses is clearly visible.

Four channels of the proposed device provide parallel reception of UWB signals. The direct and inverse signal channels are used to receive UWB signals - an information unit and information zero, respectively, and the direct and inverse noise channels are used to estimate the average energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to [2], which is used for dynamic correction of energy thresholds in time windows of PUPS 4.1 and PUPS 4.2. A mixture of UWB signal and channel noise or one noise is fed to the inputs of the LNA 1.1 and LNA 1.2 and through the ATT 2.1 and ATT 2.2 it is fed to the inputs of UVOSP 3.1, UVOShP 5.1 and UVOSI 3.2, ALSO 5.2, where the duration of each signal or noise window is direct and inverse of channels, the average energy of the incoming UWB signal mixture with noise or one noise is estimated. From the outputs of UVOSP 3.1 and UVOSI 3.2, the results of these estimates are transmitted to the first inputs of the SSPF 4.1 and the PSUI 4.2, respectively, from the outputs of which suprathreshold values are sent to the first and third inputs of the BOC 8 respectively, where they are further processed, according to the results of which using ATT 2.1 and ATT 2.2, the dynamic ranges of the direct and inverse signal channels are adjusted and, through BS 7, the time parameters of UVSP 3.1, UVOSHP 5.1 and UVOSH 3.2, SUVSU 5.2 are corrected, and the results of evaluations from the outputs of UVOSP 5.1 and UVOSH 5.2 are sent to the second and fourth the fourth inputs of the BOU 8, respectively, where, with the participation of such current estimates, a weighted average estimate of the energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio [2] is carried out over the duration of the bit, based on which the average correction coefficient of energy thresholds in the signal windows of the direct and inverse channels is calculated, the value of which is from the third the output of the BOW is fed to the inputs of the FPPS 6.1 and FSPS 6.2, respectively, to adjust the sensitivity of the receiver by adjusting the thresholds. In addition, in BOW 8, the decoding of the obtained sequence of information symbols with the detection of possible errors is carried out. If the message is received without errors, then from the second output-input of the BOW 8 it arrives to the user. If an error is detected in the message, then BOW 8 will issue a command to request a message replay or a command to wait for a message to be repeated in the next agreed time interval.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the direct and inverse UWB signals at the input of the receiving antenna system. FIG. 4a) illustrates the case when, during window processing of UWB signals, the average value of the energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio is about 0 dB, and in FIG. 4b) - about 6 dB. As the analysis of this illustration shows, in the first case, the useful signal is completely hidden by channel noise.

The graphic images shown in FIG. 5 illustrate for the case shown in FIG. 4a) and 4b), the dynamics of digital accumulation of single energy samples of a mixture of useful direct (5a) and inverse (5b) UWB signals and noise in the signal windows of the direct and inverse channels, which indicate that the energy threshold is exceeded. In FIG. 5a) and 5b) for the case when the device dynamically adjusts the thresholds based on the results of evaluating the average energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio, and in FIG. 5c) and 5d) - for the case when the thresholds in the signal channels are set at the start of the device and at the end of the communication session. Here, a digital threshold is shown in bold horizontal dash, and in the case when this threshold is exceeded in the signal window of a given channel at the end of digital accumulation, a decision is made about the type of UWB signal received. Gray rectangles indicate the current position of the time windows of the forward and inverse channels. Analysis of this illustration confirms the effectiveness of introducing dynamic correction of energy thresholds in threshold devices of signal channels.

FIG. 6 illustrates similar dynamic dependencies, but in the case where the average statistical value of the energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio is about 6 dB. From the analysis of these illustrations, it seems that it follows that even with this impulse signal-to-noise ratio, there are absolutely no differences in the dynamics of the accumulation of energy samples of a mixture of useful UWB signals and noise in the signal windows of the direct and inverse channels. However, consider the illustrations shown in FIG. 7, which shows the sequence of energy readings of a mixture of useful UWB signals and noise (shown by solid rhombuses) and noise alone (shown by circles) in the time windows of the direct (7a and 7c) and inverse (7b and 7d) channels. FIG. 7a) and FIG. 7b) for the case where the average value of the energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio is about 0 dB, and FIG. 7c) and FIG. 7d) - for the case when the value of this ratio is about 6 dB. Here, the bold gray stroke indicates the dynamically adjusted threshold, and the bold black stroke represents the unadjustable threshold. From an analysis of the illustrations of FIG. 7 it follows that for small values of the energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio, the absence of dynamic correction of energy thresholds can lead to a signal skipping, and for sufficiently large values of the energy pulse signal-to-noise ratio, an increased probability of receiving a false signal. And, although with special processing this probability can be sufficiently reduced, a rather large percentage of excess threshold energy appears, which remains practically useless. In the case of using dynamic correction of energy thresholds, the negative effect of both of these factors on the probability of correctly distinguishing useful UWB signals sharply decreases.

Thus, the analysis presented above confirms that the achievement of the technical result is ensured by the introduction of dynamic correction of energy thresholds in threshold devices of signal channels, as well as by the lack of the need for powerful computing tools that consume a lot of energy.

The implementation of the claimed device does not cause difficulties. So blocks 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7 and 8 are similar to those presented in the prototype. The implementation of block 7 is simpler than in the prototype, since it is a serial connection of a reference frequency generator, similar to that which is part of the prototype synchronization block, and a controlled clock generator, similar in design and purpose to that used in [4]. The implementation of block 8 is also simpler than in the prototype, since computational algorithms are simpler in the inventive device. Digital processing and generation of control and information signals in block 8 can be performed by a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA), for example, type 5M240ZT100C5 and a microcontroller type STM32L151RBT6.

Information sources.

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Claims (1)

A device for distinguishing ultra-wideband short-pulse signals during radio communication, comprising a first low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a first attenuator connected in series, a first direct signal channel (UVSP) time window device and a first direct signal channel threshold device (CIRP), and also connected in series the processing and control unit (BOW), the synchronization unit (BS) and the first device of the time window of the direct noise channel (UVOSHP); the first output of the BS is connected to the second input of the first UVSP, the third output of the BOW through the first driver of the threshold signal of the direct channel (FPSP) is connected to the second input of the first PUPS; the first output of the BOC is connected to the second input of the first attenuator, the first output-input of the BOC is the output-input of the device, the input of the first LNA is the input of the device, characterized in that the second LNA, the second attenuator, and the second device of the time window of the inverse signal channel are introduced ) and a second threshold device of the inverse signal channel (PUSI), the output of which is connected to the third input of the BOW, the third output of which is connected via the second threshold driver of the threshold signal of the inverse channel (PPSI) ene with a second input of the second ICMP, wherein the output of the second attenuator via a second device time window inverse noise channel (UVOSHI) connected to the fourth input BOU, the second output of which is connected to a second input of the second attenuator; the output of the first attenuator is connected to the input of the air exhaust unit and, via the air exhaust line, to the second input of the BOU, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first air passage, in addition, the first output of the BS is connected to the second input of the second air passage, the second output of the BS is connected to the second input of the air passage; the fourth output of the BOW is control, the fifth input of the BOW is synchronizing; the connection of the BOW and the synchronization unit is an input-output; the input of the second LNA is connected to the input of the first LNA.

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