RU190215U1 - TRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to transport engineering, in particular to engine-building, and can be used in tractor diesel engines designed to be installed as a primary engine on forestry, agricultural and industrial tractors of 3 ... 5 traction class, mainly characterized by the design with a breaking frame. The tractor diesel engine contains an in-line cylinder block located at the rear of the engine: gear drive of the camshaft, high-pressure fuel pump, air compressor and oil pump; battery-type fuel system with electronically controlled fuel supply, electronic control unit 18, coolant temperature sensor, sensor t mperatury after charge air cooler. The viscous coupling 15 is electrically controlled and is controlled by signals from an electronic control unit, generated on the basis of signals from sensors of the coolant temperature and charge air temperature. 4 il.

Description

The utility model relates to transport engineering, in particular to engine-building, and can be used in tractor diesel engines designed to be installed as a primary engine on forestry, agricultural and industrial tractors of 3 ... 5 traction class, mainly characterized by the design with a breaking frame.

Tractors of this purpose are operated under conditions of sufficiently high and dramatically varying external loads, and this requires that the tractor maintains a continuous movement at a sufficiently low speed. Low speeds cause an insufficient flow of incoming air to operate the radiators of the cooling system with the fan turned off. At the same time, in order to ensure the most efficient use of the tractor (to perform the greatest work), its engine is operated in a mode close to the nominal one, almost under full load. Accordingly, the engines of this assignment are characterized by a large stock of torque and steeper regulatory characteristics compared to automotive engines, which ensures that the tractor engines are less sensitive to load changes.

Also, such tractors are characterized by the location of the engine cooling system radiators (charge air cooler, radiator) and the tractor’s hydraulic transmission radiator with a separate unit on the frame in front of the engine. Moreover, the charge air cooler is located first along the flow of ambient air that occurs when the tractor is moving, which is caused by the need to have maximum thermal pressure to obtain the greatest depth of cooling of the charge air.

The prior art diesel engine with a turbocharged YMZ-5362 production of PJSC "Avtodizel" (YAMZ). (YAMZ-536 ENGINES, YaMZ-5361, YaMZ-5362, YaMZ-5363, YaMZ-5364, their modifications and configurations. Operating manual 536.3902150 RE, Avtodiesel OJSC (YAMZ), 2015) It can be taken as a prototype.

The engine cylinder block is made in-line. The number of valves per cylinder four - two intake and two exhaust. The in-line performance of the engine determines its compactness, lower weight and overall dimensions in comparison with the V-shaped design. The engine has a gear drive timing, injection pump, air compressor and oil pump, which are located in the rear of the engine. Such an arrangement of the drive (behind the flywheel) reduces the load on the crankshaft from torsional vibrations arising during the operation of the timing and fuel injection mechanism, and, accordingly, makes it possible to increase the engine boost. The cooling system fan, generator, water pump and air conditioning compressor are located in front of the engine, and they are driven by a belt drive. The engine has a turbocharger located on the left. The engine has a common rail fuel injection system with electronically controlled fuel supply. The electronic control unit located on the engine receives signals from the sensors and generates control signals to control the fuel supply and other functions. The fan speed is controlled by an automatic viscous coupling. The clutch is assembled with a fan and contains a bimetallic element and a valve, with the help of which in turn is controlled automatically. The bimetallic element (helix) reacts to the temperature of the air passing through the radiator, the flow of which is created by the movement of the tractor and / or the rotating fan, and acts on the valve by changing the slip coefficient of the coupling and, accordingly, the fan rotation frequency. Thus, the control of the viscous coupling and, accordingly, the fan speed is actually carried out according to the temperature of the air leaving the radiator of the cooling fluid.

This engine design is characterized by compactness, low engine weight, high fuel efficiency and environmental performance (not lower than Euro-3).

However, when using such highly accelerated engines on machines whose working conditions are characterized by the consumer’s demand to maintain continuous movement at a sufficiently low speed (6-12 km / h) while there is an external sufficiently large and unstable external load (for example, on agricultural tilled tractors like "Kirovets "), There are problems with maintaining the thermal mode of the engine, due to the inability of the automatic viscous fan clutch to ensure sufficient quality of regulation tion heat engine balance. This is manifested in the occurrence of more frequent situations when critical temperature values exceed (primarily in charge air overheating), which, in turn, is accompanied by an overheating engine overload protection system that reduces fuel supply and prevents overheating of the engine. As a result, due to the above characteristics of the characteristics of engines for this purpose, there is a significant power failure and an increase in fuel consumption. This is particularly evident in the mode of operation of a cold (not heated) engine during warm-up after starting, when the air passing through the radiator unit that has passed through the charge-air radiator is cooled on the still not heated coolant radiator. This leads to the fact that the automatic clutch does not turn on the fan when the critical charge air temperature is reached, the engine overheats, and the emergency overheating protection system begins to reduce fuel supply.

Also for the control system with the use of such a fan (with an automatic viscous coupling), the disadvantage is that when operating (on a warm engine), the fan will rotate at a frequency higher than the required (with a margin) frequency that is sufficient to maintain thermal conditions within acceptable limits. This leads to additional fuel consumption.

The task was to create a tractor engine at minimal cost, which at a high level of forcing would have compactness, low weight, high fuel economy and environmental performance, as well as provide effective regulation of the thermal regime in conditions when the tractor requires an external high enough and varying load (traction) to maintain a low speed for a long time.

The technical result is to eliminate the need to limit fuel supply at nominal and close to it modes with emergency overheating of the engine and increase fuel efficiency.

Also, the utility model allows adapting serial automobile engines for installation on a tractor with minimal costs.

Also, the utility model allows to exclude an additional fan on the air conditioner condenser due to the possibility of forcibly increasing the number of revolutions of the engine fan impeller when the air conditioner is turned on, which is due to the use of an electronically controlled clutch.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the diesel engine contains

straight six-cylinder block,

a camshaft gear drive, a high-pressure fuel pump, an air compressor and an oil pump located at the rear of the engine,

Belt drive fan with viscous coupling, generator, water pump and air conditioning compressor located at the front,

turbocharger,

battery-type fuel system with electronically controlled fuel supply,

electronic control unit with software settings,

coolant temperature sensor

after-cooler charge air temperature sensor.

and according to the utility model is different in that

The electronic control unit has software settings that provide regulatory characteristics of the engine for tractor use, characterized by an operating mode close to the nominal (maximum) power and speed

The viscous coupling is electronically controlled and controlled by signals from the electronic control unit, generated on the basis of signals from the coolant temperature and charge air temperature sensors.

For a clearer understanding below, the terms “front”, “rear” directions or parts imply that the front part of the engine is the side where the fan is located (respectively, the rear part of the engine is where the flywheel is located). The terms “left”, “right” directions or engine parts mean the left and right directions or engine parts, respectively, when the engine is viewed from the front (ie the fan side).

Brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1 - shows a perspective view of the engine according to the utility model on the left side;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the engine according to the utility model on the left side;

FIG. 3 shows schematically a gear drive of an engine according to a utility model.

FIG. 4 - right side view of the engine

Implementation of the utility model.

In a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the engine comprises a cylinder block 1 with an in-line arrangement of six cylinders in which a crankshaft is mounted. Gear drive mechanisms of the engine is implemented on the back side of the engine. From the gear of the crankshaft 2, rigidly mounted on its shank is the gear of the camshaft 3, from which the gear of the high-pressure fuel pump 5 is pumped through gear 4, and then through the intermediate gear 6 an air compressor 7. Also from the gear of the crankshaft 2 the intermediate gear 8 is provided with an oil pump 9. The gear drive is closed by the crankcase of the flywheel 10.

In front of the engine there is a generator 11, a water pump 12, an air conditioner compressor 13, which are driven by poly V-belts.

Also in front of the engine from the pulley on the toe of the crankshaft, a fan 14 is driven through a belt transmission by means of an electronically controlled viscous coupling 15 made with it in the collection. As an electronically controlled clutch, clutches of leading world manufacturers can be used, for example, Visorgronic viscous clutch from Borg Warner.

The engine has a battery-type fuel system (Common Rail System) with electronically controlled fuel supply, which contains a high-pressure fuel pump 5 with an integrated fuel feed pump, a high-pressure fuel accumulator - rail 16, and fuel filters, fuel lines, and other elements. Electrically controlled fuel injectors of the fuel system are installed in a glass cylinder head.

The turbocharger 17 with a radial centripetal turbine and a centrifugal compressor is located on the left side.

On the right side of the engine block 1, an electronic control unit 18 is installed, which is connected by electrical harnesses (motor and intermediate) with sensors and actuators of control objects. The software of the electronic control unit 18 uses settings that provide the regulatory characteristics of the engine required for tractor use.

On the engine placed various sensors. In particular, this is the coolant temperature sensor 19 after cooling the cylinder and the cylinder block (i.e. at the place where the coolant temperature reaches maximum values) located on the cylinder block 1. There is also a charge air temperature sensor 20 located on the pipeline section after the charge air cooler before the air enters the cylinders, for example, at the inlet manifold 21. Such an arrangement of the sensor 20 provides information about the temperature of the already cooled charge air after the tour okompressora 17 and monitor the effectiveness of the coolant. A charge-air cooler (of the “air-to-air type”) is placed together with the radiator of the coolant and the radiator of the tractor’s hydraulic transmission as part of a separate radiator unit mounted on the frame in front of the engine. In this case, the charge-air cooler is located first along the flow of ambient air that occurs when the tractor is moving.

Viscous coupling 15 is controlled by signals from the electronic control unit 18, depending on the state of the thermal mode of the engine signals from sensors 19 and 20.

Claims (1)

A tractor diesel engine, characterized by an operating mode close to the rated power and rotational speed, contains an inline six-cylinder cylinder block located at the rear of the engine, a camshaft gear drive, a high-pressure fuel pump, an air compressor and an oil pump, and a front-mounted viscous fan drive clutch, generator, water pump and air conditioner compressor, turbocharger, battery-type fuel system with electronic control Fuel supply, electronic control unit, coolant temperature sensor, charge air temperature sensor after cooler, the viscous coupling made electronically controlled and controlled by signals from the electronic control unit, generated on the basis of signals from coolant temperature sensors and charge air temperature.

Images