RU188201U1 - Autoclave for thermal disinfection of medical waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to installations for the disposal of medical waste of class B and B. The autoclave for thermal disinfection / neutralization of medical waste contains a housing on a mobile platform, the housing has external and internal walls, between which insulation is placed, inside the housing there is a heat chamber with a sealed lid, a basket for waste disposal, installed inside the heat chamber with a fixed gap from the inner walls, measuring and control unit, water storage tank, thermal electric heating atel, wherein the measuring and control unit comprises a temperature and pressure measuring devices, status indicators, a microswitch for control and signaling closing lid push data input unit and a dot matrix printer; as well as a safety valve, solenoid valve, strainer, ball valve for draining water. Thermal electric heater of the autoclave can be made ceramic. The sealed lid of the autoclave may have a shut-off valve. The water storage tank may have a remote measuring level. Waste storage basket can be made in the form of a glass made of corrosion-resistant wire. The technical result is to increase productivity by automating the process and reducing the cost of operator time when handling medical waste class B and C.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to the field of medical technology, namely to installations for the disposal of medical waste of class B and C. When using this technology, medical waste is thermally disinfected / neutralized with saturated steam under pressure in an autoclave. The process is environmentally friendly and has no side emissions polluting the air, water or land. It is possible to classify treated disinfected / neutralized wastes as class A, which allows them to be disposed of in solid domestic waste (MSW) landfills together with class A wastes and further disposed of.

State of the art

A known apparatus for thermal disinfection and destruction of medical waste (RF patent for utility model No. 152576, class IPC A61L 11/00, publ. 06/10/2015), which contains a sealed heat treatment chamber, equipped with a sealed cover, between the outer and inner side coaxial walls the heating chamber housings are equipped with electric heating elements distributed over the wall height, and the processing heat chamber is equipped with an air circulation system having a closed circuit, the supply pipes of which are connected to the bottom the chambers of the heat chamber and are connected to an air distributor made in the form of an axial perforated tube, and the suction nozzles of the air circulation system are connected to the upper part of the heat chamber body and are connected via external air ducts to ventilation pumps, while the upper part of the body forms a chamber for collecting gases and a pipe is connected to it exit of gases into the filtration system equipped with an electromagnetic valve.

A disadvantage of the known apparatus is the uneven distribution of temperature over the internal volume of the heat chamber. This leads to the fact that, while ensuring thermal disinfection and destruction of the treated medical waste, located near the side walls of the heat chamber, waste located in the near-axis zone may not undergo destruction, due to the fact that the temperature here is lower. On the other hand, an increase in the temperature in the heat chamber, leading to a sufficient degree of heating of the waste located in the near-axis zone, leads to melting and sintering of the waste located in the near-wall region, with the formation of massive hard-to-remove lumps and streaks on the inner surface of the inner wall of the body and sagging on the bottom .

The air distributor 11, made in the form of an axial perforated tube, reduces the internal usable space of the apparatus and creates inconvenience when loading and unloading. When the device is used, only one effecting factor on microorganisms is used, it is dry heating with internal circulation, which increases the disinfection time and reduces productivity, compared with devices that have multifactorial effects.

A known apparatus for thermal disinfection and destruction of medical waste (RF patent for utility model No. 179774, class IPC A61L 11/00, publ. 06/10/2015), which contains a heat chamber equipped with a hermetically sealed lid, the heat chamber has an outer and inner case, made in the form of glasses installed one in the other with an annular gap between the lateral cylindrical walls and with a gap between the bottoms, electric heating elements are also fixed on the outer side surface of the inner case, also having an air distributor b, made in the form of an axial perforated tube, and having a closed air circulation system, equipped with ventilation pumps with discharge nozzles supplying air to the air distributor, while the upper part of the housing forms a chamber for collecting gases and a gas outlet is connected to the filtration system, and the apparatus is additionally equipped with electric heating elements fixed to the air distributor and electric heating elements fixed under the bottom of the inner case, additional It is additionally equipped with a perforated tube coaxially covering the air distributor, while the ventilation pumps are located under the bottom of the outer casing, the air intakes of the suction pipes are located in the gap between the bottoms of the casing, holes are made in the upper part of the cylindrical walls of the inner casing to allow air to flow from the internal volume of the heat chamber into the gap between the cylindrical the walls of the outer and inner cases.

A disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low productivity of the device, as well as its lack of compactness and mobility. The air distributor 13, made in the form of an axial perforated tube and a protective casing 15 reduce the internal usable space of the apparatus and create inconvenience when loading and unloading.

When the device is used, only one effecting factor on microorganisms is used, it is dry heating with internal circulation, which increases the time of disinfection / neutralization and reduces productivity, compared with devices that have multifactorial effects.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result is to increase productivity by automating the process and reducing the cost of operator time when handling medical waste class B and C.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the autoclave for thermal disinfection / neutralization of medical waste contains a housing on a mobile platform, the housing has external and internal walls, between which insulation is placed, inside the housing there is a heat chamber with a sealed lid, a waste basket installed inside the heat chamber with a fixed gap from the inner walls, a measurement and control unit, a water storage tank, a heat heater, the measurement and control unit Avleniya, contains temperature and pressure meters, status indicators, a micro switch for monitoring and signaling the closing of the lid, a push-button data input module and a matrix printer; as well as a safety valve, solenoid valve, strainer, ball valve for draining water.

Thermal electric heater of the autoclave can be made ceramic.

The sealed lid of the autoclave may have a shut-off valve.

The water storage tank may have a remote measuring level.

Waste storage basket can be made in the form of a glass made of corrosion-resistant wire.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The figure shows a diagram of an autoclave for thermal disinfection / disposal of medical waste.

The following notation is used in the figure: 1 - temperature and pressure meters, 2 - measuring and control unit, 3 - locking valve, 4 - sealed cover, 5 - microswitch, 6 - external wall of the housing, 7 - internal wall of the housing, 8 - thermal electric heater 9 - a mobile platform, 10 - a ball valve, 11 - a strainer, 12 - an electromagnetic valve, 13 - a heat chamber, 14 - a waste basket, 15 - a measuring level, 16 - a water tank, 17 - a matrix printer, 18 - an inlet mouth, 19 - safety valve.

Utility Model Implementation

The autoclave is a hermetically sealed device for carrying out various processes during heating and under pressure above atmospheric.

Autoclave device. The autoclave (see Fig. 1) is mounted on a common mobile platform 9, has a heat chamber 13 with a sealed cover 4, a waste basket 14, a measurement and control unit 2, a water storage tank 16, a heat heater (TEN) 8. A tight cover 4 is equipped with a shut-off valve 3. Thermal heater 8 can be made of ceramic.

The housing has an outer 6 and an inner 7 wall, between which thermal insulation is placed. An electric heater 8 of the water heating system is located in the bottom of the heat chamber 13 and provides water heating to the boiling point. In the measuring and control unit 2 there are temperature and pressure meters 1, status indicators and a push-button data input module (not shown in Fig.), An integrated matrix printer 17. There is a safety valve 19 to protect the heat chamber from overpressure. Water in the storage tank 16 it is manually poured through the filler neck 18, and then through the solenoid valve 12 and the strainer 11 enters the heat chamber 13. The water storage tank 16 has a remote measuring level 15. Water is poured into the tank 16 once When starting work, the flow rate during continuous operation is not more than 1 l / h, the reservoir 10 l, topping up water is carried out as necessary. Also, if necessary, water from the heat chamber 13 through the ball valve 10 can be drained into the sewer. The basket 14 is made in the form of a cup of corrosion-resistant wire and is installed inside the heat chamber 13 with a fixed gap from the inner walls 7. Monitoring and signaling the closing of the lid 4 is provided by a micro switch 5.

The principle of action of steam disinfection / neutralization is based on increasing the boiling point of a liquid with increasing pressure. Water is heated to the boiling point (temperature 99.09 ⁰ С at a pressure of 1 atm), passes into a vapor state and increases the pressure in the sealed chamber of the autoclave. Due to the increase in pressure, the temperature of the vapor rises to a value of 113 ⁰ C at a pressure of 1.52 atm. As a result of the effect of supersaturated steam on medical waste, the cell membrane of the microbe is destroyed and the latter dies. The autoclave has an audible and visual alarm at low water levels and an automatic water collection system. The safety valve 19 releases the pressure automatically when the permissible value is exceeded, which ensures the stability of temperature and pressure in the heat chamber 13. The pressure and temperature in the heat chamber 13 are displayed on the built-in devices. Immersion ceramic thermal electric heaters provide high efficiency during heating.

Autoclave operation algorithm. The autoclave has a microprocessor control system, therefore, all processes of the decontamination / decontamination cycle are performed automatically, and upon completion, the device turns off, giving an audible signal to complete the cycle. After the start of the process, heating is turned on, the corresponding “Heating” indicator lights up. The water in the chamber is heated to a temperature of 113 ⁰ C. Having reached the working temperature, the autoclave starts the disinfection / neutralization mode. The “Disinfection” indicator lights up and the countdown of the set time starts on the display. At the end of the set time of the disinfection / decontamination mode, the “End” indicator lights up, the built-in matrix printer automatically prints the disinfection protocol. The autoclave cools down and relieves pressure by condensing the steam into water. A beep sounds - the cycle is completed.

Productivity increases due to the following factors: the operator does not spend time setting the mode, there is no need to control the parameters during the operation of the autoclave, the human factor is completely excluded. In this mode, the operator can serve several autoclaves at the same time (for example, the direct operator’s time spent on one autoclave is no more than 2 minutes, during a decontamination / neutralization cycle of 10 or 20 minutes) and he can manage to work on the disinfected / neutralized waste grinder, which, as a rule, is the next step in the processing of medical waste.

The autoclave has automatic microprocessor control, is convenient in operation and maintenance, compact, easy to transport. The use of this technology and equipment can reduce the epidemiological risk when handling medical waste class B and C and provide safe working conditions for staff.

Performance also depends on the internal working volume of the autoclave. A line of five models with different volumes has been developed. The consumer selects the model to fit his needs. When V = 50; 75; one hundred; 150; 200 dm3 productivity of one autoclave, respectively (12; 18; 24; 36; 48) kg / h.

Testing the developed design of the autoclave showed that its productivity, for example, for the model V = 100 dm3, is 75 l of waste per cycle of 20 minutes, and the specific productivity is 0.24 kg / h per 1 dm3 of the internal volume of the working chamber. A technical analogue can be considered the installation of air disinfection / neutralization "SAMot-01/100" LLC "Megatehnika", V = 100 dm3, the temperature of disinfection / neutralization (195-205) ⁰ C, the cycle of disinfection / neutralization of 60 minutes, the capacity of 75 liters of waste per cycle.

Improving productivity is achieved by reducing cycle time, while simultaneously affecting medical waste two factors: the high temperature of supersaturated steam and pressure.

A comparative analysis of the claimed utility model showed that the set of essential features of the claimed device is not known from the prior art and therefore corresponds to the patentability condition “Novelty”.

The above information confirms the possibility of using the claimed device in the field of medical technology, which can be used for the disposal of medical waste of class B and C, and therefore meets the patentability condition "Industrial applicability".

Claims (5)

1. An autoclave for thermal disinfection of medical waste containing a housing on a mobile platform (9), the housing has an external (6) and internal (7) wall, between which thermal insulation is placed, inside the housing there is a heat chamber (13) with a sealed cover (4), a waste storage basket (14) installed inside the heat chamber with a fixed gap from the inner walls, a measurement and control unit (2), a water storage tank (16), a heat electric heater (8), the measurement and control unit containing temperature meters and messages (1), status indicators, micro switch (5) for monitoring and signaling the closing of the lid (4), push-button data input module and matrix printer (17); as well as a safety valve (19), an electromagnetic valve (12), a strainer (11), a ball valve for draining water (10). 2. An autoclave according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal electric heater (8) is ceramic. 3. An autoclave according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealed cover (4) has a shut-off valve (3). 4. An autoclave according to claim 1, characterized in that the water storage tank (16) has a remote measuring level (15). 5. An autoclave according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste basket (14) is made in the form of a glass made of corrosion-resistant wire.

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