RU187771U1 - Device for sparkless switching of subversive pulses for a capacitor blasting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of blasting, in particular to systems and means of blasting, and is intended to work as a part of capacitor blasting devices. The essence of the utility model: the use of an electronic key based on a high voltage bipolar transistor with an insulated gate VT1 and a button of a special design S2, which contains two groups of contacts isolated from each other and a spring pusher, which ensures the simultaneous closure of the groups of contacts as follows: first, the high-voltage circuit is closed a group of contacts, then a group of contacts of the generation circuit of a low-voltage single starting pulse, unlocking the transistor VT1, which leads to the issuance of a disruptive pulse in the electric explosion network (EMU). This circuitry solution eliminates sparking when a high-voltage group of contacts is closed, connected in series with the collector output of a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate VT1, because in the locked state, the VT1 insulated gate transistor between the collector and emitter terminals has an electrical resistance close in value to the resistance of dielectrics. The use of a VT1 insulated gate bipolar transistor allows you to fully control the duration of the blasting pulse, which allows you to use this switching circuit of blasting pulses in explosive devices used for work in places that are dangerous for gas and dust. 2 ill.

Description

Device for sparkless switching of subversive pulses for a capacitor blasting device

IPC F42D 1/045

The utility model relates to the field of blasting, in particular to systems and means of blasting, and is intended to work as a part of capacitor blasting devices.

Known switching devices used in blasting devices and switching high-voltage capacitors directly to an electric explosion network (EMU), for example KPM-2, KPM-3 (USSR), ZK-300 (Poland), in which switching elements are high-voltage buttons included in the gap circuit "high voltage capacitor - EMU"; when the button is pressed, a subversive pulse is emitted to the EMU. Graevsky M.M. Handbook of electric explosive explosive charges. - M.: Rendezvous-AM, 2000. - S. 155–157, 207.

Known switching devices used in explosive devices PIV-100m, PIV-100M2, and switching high-voltage capacitors directly into an electric explosion network (EMU), in which the switching elements are rotary keys: when the key is rotated, the circuit containing the high-voltage capacitor is closed to the EMU. Graevsky M.M. Handbook of electric explosive explosive charges. - M.: Rendezvous-AM, 2000. - S. 141–146.

The disadvantage of these devices is the sparking at the time of switching, which makes devices with this type of switching unsuitable for blasting in places hazardous to gas and dust.

Known switching devices used in explosive devices and switching high-voltage capacitors in an electric explosion network (EMU), for example KVP-2/200, KVP-1/20, in which the switching elements are controlled gas arresters. Graevsky M.M. Handbook of electric explosive explosive charges. - M.: Rendezvous-AM, 2000. - S. 150–152, 183–186. This circuitry solution eliminates sparking on the button contacts.

The disadvantage of these devices is the need for high-voltage triggering of controlled gas arresters and, as a result, the use of additional generators of high-voltage pulses, which leads to an increase in the dimensions and mass of explosive devices and a decrease in their reliability. Also a disadvantage of these methods of switching subversive pulses is the low working life of controlled gas arresters.

Known switching devices used in explosive devices, for example, ZhZ 2460 (Russia), BM C150 (2VA) (Nitro Nobel, Sweden), in which the switching of explosive pulses directly in the EMU is carried out by thyristors. Graevsky M.M. Handbook of electric explosive explosive charges. - M.: Rendezvous-AM, 2000. - S. 146–150.

Known capacitor blasting device for initiating electric detonators and electric igniters, containing a generator with a manual drive connected to its output, a rectifier-voltage multiplier, a capacitor-charge storage device, push button switch "explosion", an electronic threshold switch and discharge resistors, voltage regulator, current indicator with LED, resistive current limiting circuit of the electric explosive circuit and a starting capacitor connected in parallel with the electronic threshold switch input, while the output the cascade of the electronic threshold switch is connected via an resistive short-circuit current limiter to the electric explosion circuit, the output of the first stage of the rectifier-voltage multiplier is connected via a switching diode to the voltage regulator, the storage capacitor is shunted by the discharge resistor through the normally closed contacts of the “explosion” push-button switch, the electronic threshold input the key and the starting capacitor are connected to the output stage of the rectifier-voltage multiplier through series-connected p a resistive voltage divider, normally open contact of the “explosion” push-button switch and a diode, moreover, the connection of the storage capacitor, current indicator with LED, voltage regulator and electronic threshold switch with a resistive short-circuit current limiter of an electric explosive circuit is made in the form of a bridge, in which the capacitor a drive and a current indicator with LEDs are included in one opposite shoulders of the bridge, a voltage stabilizer and an electronic threshold switch with a resistive current limiter are short of the short circuit of the electric explosive circuit to other opposite shoulders of the bridge, and a discharge resistor is connected to its output diagonal. RF patent No. 2246096, IPC F42D 1/045, 02/10/2005.

Known network blasting device containing a microcontroller, a thyristor key delay device, a storage device, an external energy source, a voltage converter, a device control and protection device, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, an input and display information device, a switching device , an insulation monitoring unit, while one input of the thyristor switch is connected to a voltage converter and, through a switching device, to an electric explosion network, and the other input connected to the microcontroller, and between the voltage converter and the thyristor switch, a current sensor and a voltage sensor are connected in series, the outputs of which are connected to the input of an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the microcontroller, to the other inputs of which an input and display device is connected, a memory unit devices, device control and protection device and insulation control unit, which is connected to the electric explosion network through a switching device, to the input in which one of the outputs of the microcontroller is connected. RF patent No. 2333459, IPC F42D 1/055, 09/10/2008. The use of a thyristor key eliminates sparking on the contacts of the switching device; thyristors are unlocked by low-voltage voltage pulses.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the partial controllability of the thyristors: it is not possible to control the duration of the blasting pulse, which makes it impossible to use explosive devices with this circuitry in places that are dangerous for gas and dust, in which the duration of the blasting pulse should not exceed 4 ms.

Known blasting devices TZV-100/200, RT-60 (Hungary), where this drawback is eliminated in the blast pulse switching circuit based on two thyristors as follows: the first thyristor is connected in series with the source of the blast pulse (high voltage capacitor) and EMU, the second thyristor is connected parallel to the EMU and turns on after a specified period of time (about 4 ms), bypassing the EMU and thus cutting off the tail of the explosive pulse. Graevsky M.M. Handbook of electric explosive explosive charges. - M.: Rendezvous-AM, 2000 .-- S. 214–215.

The disadvantage of this circuit design solution is the use of two switching elements, which requires the use of additional triggering pulse generation circuits and an additional time relay that sets a time interval of less than or equal to 4 ms, which complicates the device circuit and worsens the overall mass characteristics of explosive devices.

The task to which the utility model is directed is to create a universal device for power fully controlled switching of subversive current pulses of wide purpose and increased reliability for explosive devices.

The technical result consists in increasing safety due to the absence of sparking during high-voltage switching (issuing a subversive pulse in an EMU) and low-voltage control of the duration of a subversive pulse.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device of sparkless switching of subversive pulses for a capacitor blasting device consists of a high-voltage switching circuit, a low-voltage voltage source unit and a trigger pulse generating unit. In this case, the high-voltage switching circuit consists of a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate, connected in series with a collector output to an electric blast network, a current-limiting resistor connected in series with an electric explosive network and the first contact of a button of a special design with a function of the simultaneous closure of groups of contacts, the second contact of which is connected to the positive terminal of the generator disruptive current of an arbitrary blasting device. The low-voltage source unit consists of a series-connected current-limiting resistor and a rectifying diode, the cathode of which is connected to the positive terminal of the storage capacitor, which is the positive output of the low-voltage source unit, and the negative terminal of the storage capacitor is the negative output of the low-voltage source unit. The trigger pulse generating unit consists of a first timing and current limiting resistor connected in series with the positive terminal of the first timing driver and the output of the second timing and current limiting resistor, which are the positive input of the trigger pulse forming unit. The other terminal of the second timing and current limiting resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the second timing oscillator capacitor, the first terminal of the third timing and current limiting resistor and the zener diode cathode, which is the positive output of the trigger pulse generating unit. The zener diode anode, the negative terminals of two time-setting capacitors and the second terminal of the third timing and current-limiting resistor are connected to one node, which is the negative output of the trigger pulse generating unit, and the third contact of the special design button with the function of the simultaneous closure of the contact groups of the high-voltage switching circuit is connected to the positive output of the low-voltage block voltage source, the fourth contact button of a special design with the function of simultaneity the contact group of the high-voltage switching circuit is connected to the positive input of the trigger pulse-forming unit, the positive output of which is connected to the gate of the bipolar transistor with the isolated gate of the high-voltage switching circuit, the second terminal of the current-limiting resistor of the low-voltage voltage source unit is connected to the first terminal of the additional winding of the transformer of the voltage converter of an arbitrary blasting device , and the second output of the additional winding of the transformer transformer voltage source of an arbitrary blasting device, negative terminal of a blasting current generator of an arbitrary blasting device, emitter of a bipolar transistor with an isolated gate of a high-voltage switching circuit, negative outputs of a low-voltage source unit and a starting pulse generating unit are connected to a common wire.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a device for sparkless switching subversive pulses for a capacitor blasting device, where:

1 is a diagram of a high voltage switching;

2 - block low-voltage voltage source;

3 - block forming a starting pulse;

4 - generator of subversive current of an arbitrary blasting device (outside the device);

5 - output of the additional winding of the transformer T1.1 voltage converter arbitrary blasting device (outside the device);

S2 - button of special design;

VT1 - insulated gate bipolar transistor;

R1 is a current limiting resistor;

C1 - storage capacitor;

VD1 - rectifier diode;

R2 is a current limiting resistor;

VD2 - Zener diode;

R3, R4, R5 - current-limiting and time-setting resistors;

C2, C3 - timing capacitors.

In FIG. 2 shows a structural drawing of a button S2, where:

6 - a cover;

7 - a composite housing of insulating material;

8 - spring pusher;

9 - contact "S2.1" of the high-voltage group of contacts;

10 - contact "S2.2" high-voltage group of contacts;

11 - contact "S2.3" low-voltage group of contacts;

12 - contact "S2.4" low-voltage group of contacts;

13 - bottom with an insulating partition;

14 - rivet.

The essence of the utility model is the use of an electronic key based on a high voltage bipolar transistor with an insulated gate VT1 and a button of a special design S2 containing two groups of contacts isolated from each other and a spring pusher, which ensures the simultaneous closure of the contact groups as follows: first closes high-voltage group of contacts, then a group of contacts of the generation circuit of a low-voltage single trigger pulse, unlocking trans Istor VT1, which leads to the issuance of a subversive pulse in the electric explosion network (EMU). This circuitry solution eliminates sparking during the closure of the high-voltage group of contacts connected in series with the collector output of the transistor VT1, because in the locked state, the transistor VT1 between the collector and emitter terminals has an electrical resistance close in value to the resistance of dielectrics. The use of the VT1 transistor allows you to fully control the duration of the subversive pulse, which allows you to use this switching circuit of subversive pulses in explosive devices used for work in places that are dangerous for gas and dust.

The device includes a high-voltage switching circuit 1, a low-voltage power supply unit 2 and a trigger pulse generating unit 3. The high-voltage switching circuit consists of a transistor VT1, a current-limiting resistor R1, and a button of a special design S2, interconnected as follows: the collector of the transistor VT1 is connected in series through EMU with resistor R1, which is connected to the output "S2.1" of the button S2; the emitter of transistor VT1 is connected to a common wire, the gate of transistor VT1 is connected to the positive output of block 3; terminal S2.2 of button S2 is connected to the positive terminal of the subversive current generator of an arbitrary blasting device 4, the negative terminal of which is connected to a common wire; the output "S2.3" of the button S2 is connected to the positive output of block 2; the output "S2.4" of the button S2 is connected to the positive input of block 3; button S2 consists of a cover 6, a composite housing 7 of insulating material, a spring pusher 8, contacts "S2.1" and "S2.2" of the high-voltage group of contacts (9 and 10), contacts "S2.3" and "S2.4 »A low-voltage group of contacts (11 and 12), a bottom 13 with an insulating partition, and two rivets 14 fastening the structure; wherein the high-voltage and low-voltage contact groups are separated from each other by an insulating partition of the bottom 13, and the spring pusher has a shape that allows the contact groups to be closed at the same time so that the high-voltage contact group closes first. The low-voltage power supply unit consists of a current-limiting resistor R2, a rectifying diode VD1, and a storage capacitor C1, interconnected as follows: terminal "R2.2" of resistor R2 is connected to terminal "T1.1.1" of the additional winding of transformer T1.1 of an arbitrary voltage converter blasting 5, the terminal "T1.1.2" which is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor C1, which is the negative output of block 2 and connected to a common wire; the terminal “R2.1” of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode VD1, the cathode of which is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C1, which is the positive output of block 2. The trigger pulse generating unit consists of current-limiting and time-setting resistors R3, R4, R5, time-setting capacitors C2, C3 and the Zener diode VD2, interconnected as follows: the output "R3.1" of the resistor R3 is the positive input of block 3, the output "R3.2" of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive output of the capacitor C2 and the output "R4.2" of the resistor R4, the output of "R4 .1 "resistor R4 connected with the output "R5.1" of the resistor R5, the positive output of the capacitor C3 and the cathode VD2, which is the positive output of block 3; the anode VD2, the negative terminals of the capacitors C2 and C3, the terminals "R3.2" and "R5.2" of the resistors R3 and R5 are connected to one node, which is the negative output of block 3 and is connected to a common wire.

The device operates as follows. During cocking of an arbitrary blasting device, the alternating voltage coming from the additional winding of the transformer T1.1 of the voltage converter of an arbitrary blasting device 5 is rectified by the VD1 – R2 circuit and charges capacitor C1 in block 2. When the S2 button in block 1 is pressed, the high-voltage contact group closes first S2.1 – S2.2 ”, the transistor VT1 remains closed, after a while the low-voltage group of contacts“ S2.3 – S2.4 ”closes, and the positive voltage from the capacitor C1 goes to the input of block 3, where and R3-chain C2 defined steepness of the front start pulse. The parameters of the elements C2, R3, R4, R5 and C3 of block 3 are selected so that the capacitor C3 charges much faster than it discharges, while the voltage on the capacitor C2 must exceed the value of the stabilization voltage of the zener diode VD2, which is ensured by the ratio of the resistances R4 and R5. In turn, the value of the stabilization voltage of the zener diode VD2 is selected so that it is greater than the saturation voltage of the gate-emitter circuit of VT1 and less than the maximum voltage value of the gate-emitter circuit of VT1. Resistor R4, in turn, must provide a limitation of the value of the current flowing through the zener diode VD2 at a level not exceeding the maximum allowable current for this zener diode. The discharge time of capacitor C2 is set by the resistance values of resistors R4 and R5, capacitor C3 is needed to correct the input capacitance of the gate-emitter circuit of VT1, and can be excluded from the circuit if the value of the capacitance of the gate-emitter circuit of VT1 is sufficient for the required timing of the trigger pulse. As a result, a single starting pulse of voltage of a given shape, duration and amplitude is formed. The single starting pulse that came to the gate unlocks the transistor VT1, as a result of which a subversive pulse is emitted from the subversive current generator to the EMU.

As a result, we can conclude that the technical result has been fully achieved, since during the operation of the proposed circuit there is no sparking at the contacts of the S2 button, and the duration of the subversive pulse completely depends on the duration of the starting pulse, which is set by the parameters of the elements C2, R3, R4, R5 and C3. The use of surface mount components allows you to miniaturize this device, which significantly reduces the overall dimensions of the blasting devices in which this device can be used.

Claims (1)

Device of sparkless switching of subversive pulses for a capacitor blasting device, consisting of a high-voltage switching circuit, a low-voltage voltage source unit and a trigger pulse generating unit; the high-voltage switching circuit consists of a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate, connected in series with a collector output to an electric blast network, a current-limiting resistor connected in series with an electric explosive network and a first button contact of a special design with a function of simultaneous closing of groups of contacts, the second contact of which is connected to the positive terminal of the generator disruptive current of an arbitrary blasting device; the low-voltage voltage source unit consists of a series-connected current-limiting resistor and a rectifying diode, the cathode of which is connected to the positive terminal of the storage capacitor, which is the positive output of the low-voltage voltage block, and the negative terminal of the storage capacitor is the negative output of the low-voltage voltage block; the trigger pulse forming unit consists of a first timing and current limiting resistor connected in series with the positive terminal of the first timing driver and the output of the second timing and current limiting resistor, which are the positive input of the trigger pulse forming unit, the other terminal of the second timing and current limiting resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the second timing , the first output of the third timing and current limiter the resistor and the zener diode cathode, which is the positive output of the trigger pulse forming unit, the zener diode anode, the negative terminals of two time-setting capacitors and the second terminal of the third timing and current-limiting resistor are connected to one node, which is the negative output of the trigger pulse-forming unit; moreover, the third contact of the button of a special design with the function of the simultaneous closure of the groups of contacts of the circuit of the high-voltage switching connected to the positive output of the low-voltage power supply unit, the fourth contact of the button of the special design with the function of the time of closure of the groups of contacts of the circuit of the high-voltage switching connected to the positive input of the block forming the starting pulse connected to a gate of a bipolar transistor with an isolated gate of a high circuit switching, the second output of the current-limiting resistor of the low-voltage voltage source unit is connected to the first output of the additional winding of the transformer of the voltage converter of an arbitrary blasting device, and the second output of the additional winding of the transformer of the voltage transformer of an arbitrary blasting device, the negative terminal of the blasting current generator of an arbitrary blasting device, emitter of an isolated bipolar transistor shutter high voltage switching circuit, negative you ode unit and the low-voltage voltage source start pulse generating unit coupled to a common conductor.

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