RU186917U1 - Fastener for connecting misaligned parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, namely to fasteners used for threaded connections of parts, and can be used to connect various designs.

The fastener for connecting misaligned parts contains a bolt, washer and sleeve (see Fig. 1). The washer has a pointed tooth at the open end, made in a concentric circle around the washer hole (see Figs. 1, 3, 4). The sleeve is movably connected to the screw part of the bolt and is provided with a flange. At the open end of the flange facing the washer, a pointed tooth is made along a concentric circle (see Figs. 1, 3, 5). The diameters of the concentric circles of the teeth of the washer and the sleeve do not match (see Fig. 3).

The technical result from the use of all the essential features of the utility model is to provide a simple and reliable connection of parts whose openings are not aligned while maintaining the bearing capacity of the connection.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, namely to fasteners used for threaded connections of parts and can be used to connect various designs.

A known method of bolting the rods with a bolt, nut and an intermediate element located between the joined elements and increasing the shear strength of the connection (see USSR author's certificate No. 536335, class F16B 5/02, 05/05/75 and No. 817341, class F16B 5/02, 05.12.77).

This method is laborious in the manufacture and installation, and in construction, for example, for mounting thin-walled shear elements, it is difficult to do.

A known method of bolting the elements, containing a bolt installed in the holes of the parts to be joined, between which an intermediate wire element is laid, and the latter is bent into the parts to be connected when tensioning the bolt (see copyright certificate SU No. 1027441 A, F16B, 5/02, 04.02.82 )

This method of connecting structural elements is labor-consuming to assemble, since it requires preliminary drilling of the connected elements and subsequent laying in the nodal connection of the wire elements, which will then be driven into the connected elements.

It is widely known that a threaded connection of parts containing connected parts with coaxial holes and a threaded rod installed in these holes (see, for example, P.I. Orlov. Fundamentals of design. Moscow, publishing house "Engineering", 1988, book 2 [1], p. 114-136). The connection also contains elements for ensuring the interaction of the ends of this rod with the connected parts and pressing them against each other. A bolt, a screw or a stud can act as a threaded rod, and as the indicated elements, a bolt head and a nut screwed on its opposite end, or a screw head and its end screwed directly into the thread of one of the holes or into the thread of the foot installed in this hole either the end of the stud screwed in the same way and screwed onto the opposite end of the nut, or the nuts screwed onto both ends of the stud.

In the design of such joints, considerable attention is paid to preventing mutual movement of the connected parts. In particular, it is known to use spring washers installed between the bolt or screw head and the surface of the part, or between the nut and the surface of the part (see, for example, GOST 6402-70 Spring washers. Technical conditions. Moscow, Standartinform, 2006 [2] GOST 10461-81 Lock washers with teeth. General specifications. Moscow, "Standardinform", 2006 [3]).

At the same time, there is the problem of assembling a reliable joint of non-rigid structures of large dimensions, the joint geometry of which is subject to deforming influences, in particular, the action of transverse forces (radial and tangential), which cause the threaded rod to work on the shear and can lead to both destruction of the joint and mutual shift of the parts to be joined. Similar conditions for the operation of the joints take place, for example, when attaching a spacecraft put into orbit to an upper stage. The use of unobtrusive connection of parts using several bolts under such conditions complicates the manufacturing process of manufacturing parts and their assembly, as well as complicates the use of joined parts from various materials (having different coefficient of linear thermal expansion) and manufactured under different conditions (the manufacturing temperature differs from the assembly temperature) .

In addition, there may be a mismatch of the axes of the holes of the connected parts during installation due to inaccuracy of their manufacture.

Therefore, taking into account the real conditions of their manufacture and assembly, sometimes it is necessary to increase the technological gap between the threaded rod and the wall of the hole of one of the connected parts. Such a connection provides the possibility of assembly, but does not provide immobility of the mutual movement of one part relative to another.

The mutual immobility of the parts connected by a threaded rod installed in the hole of the parts with a gap can be achieved by tightening the bolts (studs), at which friction forces exceeding the transverse load of the joint arise. However, the mutual immobility of the parts is unreliable, since the tightening force changes with temperature.

Thus, the described known technical solutions and their modifications do not ensure the reliability of the connection of such structures and their retention from mutual displacement under the influence of transverse (radial and tangential forces).

A threaded connection of parts is known, containing connected parts and a washer having coaxial holes, as well as a threaded rod installed in these holes, and elements for ensuring the interaction of the ends of this rod with the connected parts and pressing them together, characterized in that the threaded rod is installed in the hole of one of the parts to be joined with a larger gap than in the hole of the other part, said washer is installed between the parts to be connected, with at least the surface of this washer being in contact connecting with that of the joined parts, in the hole of which the threaded rod is installed with a large gap, it is equipped with a pointed tooth located in a spiral line, the turns of which are twisted around the center of the washer hole, and the material of this washer has a higher hardness than the material of the part in contact with the surface of the washer equipped with a pointed tooth (see RF patent No. 2399801. IPC F16B 5/02, F16B 43/00 (2006/01). 2010). This decision was made as a prototype.

 The disadvantage of this solution is that the increased clearance of the connected part reduces the cross-sectional area, and therefore weakens its strength properties, the shear bearing capacity also decreases, because it depends on the area of contact with the washer and the pressing force and / or hook.

All the above examples do not provide a simple and reliable connection of parts whose openings are not aligned.

The technical problem solved by the utility model is the provision of a simple and reliable connection of parts, the openings in which are not aligned while maintaining the bearing capacity of the connection.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the known fastener for connecting misaligned parts containing a bolt and washer having a pointed tooth on the open end, in accordance with a utility model, the washer tooth is sharpened in a concentric circle, the fastener is provided with a movably connected to a screw a part of the bolt with a sleeve with a flange, on the open end of which is facing the washer, has a pointed tooth along a concentric circle, and the diameters of the concentric circles of the teeth of the sleeve and the washer do not match give.

These pointed teeth on the sleeve and washer, respectively, are made in the form of a continuous protrusion, the height of which is the same along its entire length along these concentric circles.

The pointed teeth on the hub and the washer are respectively made up of discrete pointed protrusions located along the indicated concentric circle.

The outer diameter of the sleeve corresponds to the diameter of the hole of one of the parts to be joined.

The technical result from the use of all the essential features of the utility model is to provide a simple and reliable connection of parts whose openings are not aligned while maintaining the bearing capacity of the connection.

 The presence in the fastener for connecting misaligned parts movably connected to the screw part of the bolt by a sleeve with a flange, on the open end of which faces the washer, is made on a concentric circle with a pointed tooth, and washers with a pointed tooth made on a concentric circle having a diameter that does not match the size with the diameter of the concentric circle of the tooth of the sleeve, allows for a simple and reliable connection of parts whose openings are misaligned. This retains the bearing capacity of the connection.

With the described execution and placement of the washer and sleeve in the proposed fastener, the pointed teeth of the sleeve and washer located on concentric circles of different diameters and having higher hardness are embedded in the surface of the connected part in contact with the surface of the washer and sleeve and clamp it to form ridge ", preventing the displacement of the part having a larger diameter of the aligned hole. Such contact takes place, at least for the part in the hole of which the bolt is mounted with a large gap, i.e. potentially more prone to displacement. Due to the presence of this contact, the transverse forces (both radial and tangential), which tend to shift the connected parts relative to each other, are compensated by the forces arising at the point of adhesion of the surface of the pointed teeth of the washer and sleeve with the surface of the part. Due to the presence of pointed teeth on the washer and sleeve made on concentric circles of different diameters around the corresponding washer and sleeve holes, the proposed connection can absorb the load in all transverse directions.

In the particular case of the connection, the pointed teeth may have the form of a continuous pointed protrusion, the height of which is the same along its entire length along the circumference.

In another particular case, these pointed teeth can be made up of discrete protrusions located along these circles.

The presence of the mentioned execution capabilities allows you to adjust the contact area of the tooth with the surface of the part and provide the desired joint ability to counteract the external transverse forces, taking into account their expected values.

Figure 1 - General view of the fastener.

Figure 2 - General view of the connection of parts with misaligned holes using the claimed fastener.

FIG. 3 is a section AA of FIG. one.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the washer.

FIG. 5 is a view of the end face of the sleeve flange.

The fastener for connecting misaligned parts includes a bolt 1, a washer 2 and a sleeve 3 (see Fig. 1). The washer 2 has a pointed tooth 5 at the open end 4, made in a concentric circle 6 around the opening of the washer 2 (see Fig. 1, 3, 4). The sleeve 3 is movably connected to the screw part 7 of the bolt 1 and is provided with a flange 8. At the open end 9 of the flange 8, facing the washer 2, a pointed tooth 11 is made along a concentric circle 10 (see Fig. 1. 3. 5). The diameters of the concentric circles 6, 10 of the tooth 5 of the washer 2 and the tooth 11 of the sleeve 3 do not match (see Fig. 3).

The pointed teeth 11 on the sleeve 3 and 5 on the washer 2, respectively, can be made in the form of a continuous protrusion, the height of which is the same along its entire length along these concentric circles (see Fig. 4.5).

The pointed teeth 11 on the sleeve 3 and 5 on the washer 2, respectively, can be made up of discrete pointed protrusions located along these concentric circles (not shown conditionally).

On the back side of the flange 8 of the sleeve 3, a pointed tooth can be made along a concentric circle.

The outer diameter D of the sleeve 3 corresponds to the diameter of the hole of one of the connected parts (see Fig. 2).

The washer 2 and the sleeve 3 of the proposed fastener are made of a material having a higher hardness than the material of at least one of the joined parts 12 (see Fig. 2).

The washer 2 and the sleeve 3 of the proposed fastener, when used, are mounted in such a way that the open end 4 of the washer 2 with the pointed tooth 5 made on it and the open end 9 of the flange 8, the sleeve 3 with the pointed tooth 11 made on it, cover one of the connected parts 12, the hole 13 in which is misaligned with the hole 14 of the second part 15 and forms a larger gap with the bolt 1 (see Fig. 2).

The proposed fastener for connecting misaligned parts works and is used as follows. After assembling the connection, the bolt 1 is tightened, twisting it in the sleeve 3 installed in the hole 14 of the part 15 until the necessary effort is pressed to press the parts to be joined together. In this case, the corresponding pointed teeth 5 of the washer 2 and 11 of the sleeve 3 are introduced into the less hard surface of the part 12 in contact with them, in the surface of which a “crest” is formed due to the diameters of the concentric circles 6 and 10 of tooth 5 of the washer 2 and tooth of the sleeve 11 3 do not match.

The most rational shape of the tooth section is triangular or formed by two intersecting arcs of circles with an angle of sharpening in both of these cases in the range from 20 ° to 50 °.

Due to the presence of this contact, the transverse forces (both radial and tangential), which tend to shift the parts to be connected relative to each other, are compensated by the forces arising at the point of adhesion of the tooth surface of the washer and sleeve with the surface of the part 14 (see Fig. 2). Due to the presence of the tooth 2 of the tooth 5 and the sleeve 3 of the tooth 11, made in concentric circles, the diameters of which do not match, the connection of parts using the inventive fastener can take the load in all transverse directions.

The application of the described design of the fastener provides the possibility of connecting reliable parts with inaccurate matching of the holes (alignment not observed) of the fixed part and the reciprocal part to which the fixed part is attached, without fitting and without loss of fixing strength.

The inventive device can be manufactured using modern technological equipment from existing materials.

The fastener can be used in various fields of technology for joining structures in which the parts to be joined have misaligned holes.

Claims (4)

1. A fastener for connecting misaligned parts, comprising a bolt and a washer having a pointed tooth at the open end, characterized in that the pointed tooth of the washer is made in a concentric circle, the fastening element is provided with a sleeve with a flange movably connected to the screw part of the bolt, on the open end of which facing the washer, a pointed tooth is made along a concentric circle, and the diameters of the concentric circles of the teeth of the sleeve and the washer do not match. 2. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the pointed teeth on the sleeve and the washer, respectively, are made in the form of a continuous protrusion, the height of which is the same along its entire length along these concentric circles. 3. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the pointed teeth on the sleeve and the washer are respectively made up of discrete pointed protrusions located along the specified concentric circle. 4. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the sleeve corresponds to the diameter of the hole of one of the parts to be connected.

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