RU184731U1 - NUCLEAR GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means for converting the energy of radiation of a radioactive substance into electrical energy and can be used as an autonomous source of electricity. The task is to increase the reliability, durability and efficiency of a nuclear generator while simplifying its assembly technology. A nuclear generator (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) consists of Housing 1. The housing consists of three parts: the central part 2, the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4. The upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4 are attached to the central part of the housing 2 with screws 5 and 6 respectively Twain. Bolts 7 are screwed inside the central part of the housing 2. Coils 8, dielectrics 9 and diamagnetics are screwed onto these bolts 7 by means of a screw connection: 10. Inside the housing 1 there is a rotor 11. A permanent magnet 12 is rigidly fixed on the rotor 11. Inside the housing 1 there is a reactor compartment 13, operating as a heating element. It consists of a radioactive element 14, a lead casing 15 and a glass shell with a high content of boron 16. In the upper part of the rotor 11 there are blades 17. Permanent magnets 18 and 19 are rigidly fixed to the rotor 11. In the walls of the housing 1 are channels 20 and 21. B vanes 22 are located on the lower part of the rotor 5. A ring of diamagnet 23 is fixed on the inner part of the upper cover 3. A diamagnetic ring 24 is fixed on the inner part of the lower cover 4. between sa a nut 27 and a sleeve 28 fixed inside the top cover 3. On the outer side of the cage 26, the fan wheel 29 is rigidly fixed. Inside the cover 3 there are ventilation holes 30. The screws 31 are attached to the blades 22. The screw 31 passes inside the cage 32. The cage 32 rotates freely between the gland 33 and the sleeve 34, mounted inside the bottom cover 4. On the outer side of the casing 32, the fan wheel 35 is rigidly fixed. Inside the cover 4 there are ventilation holes 36. On the inner part of the rotor 5 are blades 37. Also inside the housing 1 is filled working fluid (water). The implementation of the upper and lower covers of the body in two parts makes them more technologically advanced and allows you to closely position the channels through which the working fluid and atmospheric air circulate. The installation of diamagnet rings in the covers eliminates friction between the housing and the rotor, thereby eliminating the need for bearings. The cylindrical bushings and glands made of fluoroplastic reliably seal the rotor and prevent the working fluid from penetrating the battery. The installation of cages between the bushings and seals allows them to freely slide between them with minimal friction between the steel cage and the fluoroplastic oil seals and bushings. The location of the bolts inside the cages allows you to reliably connect the blades of the generator and cages, thereby ensuring the direct transmission of mechanical motion from the rotor to the cages without leakage of the working fluid. Rigid fastening of the fan impellers to the holder allows you to immediately turn the rotation of the holder into air circulation to cool the working fluid. The implementation of the fan impellers made of fluoroplastic allows them to resist abrasion during long-term operation. The three-part rotor, with thread on the outer and inner parts, simplifies the assembly of the generator. The fastening of permanent unidirectional magnets to the upper and lower covers of the rotor housing makes them rotate above the coil when the rotor rotates, which eliminates the need to remove the electric current magnets in the coil when rotating around it using brushes, making it possible to eliminate friction, and increases the life of the generator. multidirectional curved blades located in the upper and lower parts of the rotor, working in pairs as a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump, allows the generator to work without using I gravity to realize the constant rotation of the rotor, but without gain in work. The implementation of the blades of permanent magnets allows you to create the effect of diamagnetic levitation, starting from the rings of diamagnets. The presence of short rectilinear blades on the inner surface of the rotor gives additional energy to the blades. The location of the diamagnet and the staple magnet surrounding it outside causes them to repel, which creates the effect of diamagnetic levitation and stabilizes the rotation of the rotor. Using neodymium magnets ensures very slow demagnetization of the magnets, increasing the life of the generator . The same purpose - to increase the service life, contributes to the implementation of the main body, clips and bolts made of steel, and the use of uranium 238 as a radioactive substance, whose half-life is billions of years. 17 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to means for converting the energy of radiation of a radioactive substance into electrical energy and can be used as an autonomous source of electricity.

Known nuclear battery, presented in p. RF No. 16044 by class. G21D 7/00, c. 05.21.2015, op. 03/20/2106, and selected as a prototype.

A known battery is protected by the following formula.

An energy conversion device configured to convert the radiation energy of a radioactive substance into electrical energy, comprising a protective casing, a radioactive substance, horizontally transducers of one type of energy into another, a heat exchanger with ventilation openings in opposite parts to protect against possible overheating of the converters, a battery operation indicator, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material, closed from opposite thoron with removable covers, a cylindrical electric coil is placed on its wall inside the housing, a shaft fixed in permanent magnets is rotatably mounted along its longitudinal axis, on the central part of which there are two fans, perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, with an interval between them, which are included in the heat exchanger, the elements of which are also two slotted holes made symmetrically on both sides of the case on the opposite sides, on the outer sides of the fans there is a proportional ctric coil hollow cylindrical permanent magnet, made up of sectors with alternating poles in neighboring sectors, while on the transverse axis of the shaft, a lead reactor compartment of symmetrically arranged elements is located in the gap between the fans, inside each of which is a tube made of glass with a high boron content, filled with water, and inside it is placed on the shaft side a lead counterweight with a radioactive substance, which, in combination with a rotating shaft, is electric a coil and a permanent magnet converters the energy of radioactive radiation into electrical energy in the form of the following chain - radioactive radiation of a radioactive substance in a lead counterbalance - into the thermal energy of water in a glass tube - thermal energy in the form of steam during the evaporation of water - into the mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft - mechanical energy rotation of the shaft - into the electric energy of the electromagnetic field of the coil with a permanent magnet, while a temperature sensor is used as an indicator of battery operation.

A disadvantage of the known battery is its not very high durability and efficiency, as well as the complexity of the assembly. In addition, the problem of the occurrence of vibrations due to unbalancing of the shaft rotation due to the uneven heating of the working fluid by a nuclear counterweight is not taken into account. The fluoroplastic used to reduce friction during nuclear irradiation will begin to crumble and release toxic fluoride.

The objective is to increase the reliability, durability and efficiency of the nuclear generator while simplifying its assembly technology.

The problem is solved in that in a nuclear generator containing a protective non-magnetic cylindrical body, closed on both sides of the upper and lower removable covers, ACCORDING TO THE USEFUL MODEL, consisting of two parts, and the channels available for circulating the working fluid and air installed in them rings of diamagnetics, cylindrical bushings and glands, as well as rings installed in them in the form of rings, bolts located inside the clips, mounted on the blades and rigidly fixed on the clip of the fan impellers, c an cylindrical housing in which there is at least one electric coil located near the side walls, near which a permanent magnet is placed, made up of sectors with alternating poles in adjacent sectors, in the central part of the housing there is a reactor compartment, perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, containing in a glass case there is a lead casing with a radioactive substance inside, while near the reactor compartment there is a rotor with permanent magnets, and all structural elements are located in the casing e with gaps between them, forming channels for the circulation of coolant, the rotor is located outside the reactor compartment and consists of three parts: the upper and lower, respectively attached to the upper and lower covers of the body, and a central cylindrical hollow part equipped with curved blades located in opposite directions made of permanent magnets in the upper and lower parts, while on the central part of the rotor an external thread is made, the thread is also on the inner parts of the roto covers RA, the direction of the thread is reverse to the direction of rotation of the rotor, on the inside of which there are short straight blades, and the reactor compartment surrounding the gap, the central part of the rotor is equipped with staple-shaped protrusions on both sides from the outside, in which are sequentially screwed onto bolts screwed from both sides to the side the walls of the casing and serving as horizontal axes - shafts for the coil, above and below which parallel-mounted permanent magnets are located, screwed to the upper and lower covers of the rotor, on which next, a dielectric plate is put on, then a diamagnet, and a staple-shaped permanent magnet enclosing a permanent magnet outside the rotor and fastened to the central part of the rotor, with vertically arranged channels communicating with gaps between the rotor and the reactor compartment and between the rotor and the covers for circulation in of the working fluid, while the main body of the generator, the cage and bolts are made of steel, the magnets are made of neodymium, diamagnets are made of pyrolytic carbon, bushings, oil seals and roof Fan chatki fluoroplastic all parts of the rotor are made of aluminum, glass reactor compartment housing made of glass with a high content of boron is radioactive uranium 238, as the working fluid and the cooling water is used.

The implementation of the upper and lower housing covers in two parts makes them more technologically advanced and allows you to closely position the channels through which the working fluid and atmospheric air circulate. The installation of diamagnet rings in the covers eliminates friction between the housing and the rotor, thereby eliminating the need for bearings. The cylindrical bushings and glands made of fluoroplastic reliably seal the rotor and prevent the working fluid from penetrating the battery, at the same time they are not directly affected by charged particles from the radioactive element, from which they are only exposed to heat. The installation of cages between the bushings and seals allows them to freely slide between them with minimal friction between the steel cage and the fluoroplastic oil seals and bushings. The location of the bolts inside the cages allows you to reliably connect the blades of the generator and cages, thereby ensuring the direct transmission of mechanical motion from the rotor to the cages without leakage of the working fluid. Rigid fastening of the fan impellers to the holder allows you to immediately turn the rotation of the holder into air circulation to cool the working fluid. The implementation of the fan impellers of PTFE allows them to resist abrasion during prolonged use.

The implementation of the rotor in three parts with a thread on the outer and inner parts, simplifies the assembly of the generator. The fastening of permanent unidirectional magnets to the upper and lower covers of the rotor housing makes them rotate above the coil when the rotor rotates, which eliminates the need to remove the electric current magnets in the coil when rotating around it using brushes, making it possible to eliminate friction, and increases the life of the generator.

The presence of multidirectional curved blades in the upper and lower parts of the rotor, working in pairs as a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump, allows the generator to work without using gravity to realize constant rotation of the rotor, but without a gain in work. The implementation of the blades of permanent magnets allows you to create the effect of diamagnetic levitation starting from the rings of diamagnets. The presence of short rectilinear blades on the inner surface of the rotor gives additional energy to the blades.

The location of the diamagnet and the staple-shaped magnet enveloping it outside causes them to repel, which creates the effect of diamagnetic levitation inside and stabilizes the rotation of the rotor.

The use of neodymium magnets provides a very slow demagnetization of the magnets, increasing the life of the generator. The same purpose - to increase the service life - is facilitated by the implementation of the main body, clips and bolts made of steel, and the use of uranium 238 as a radioactive substance, whose half-life is billions of years.

The technical result is an increase in the reliability and durability of the generator while simplifying its manufacturing technology.

The inventive utility model has a novelty, differing from the prototype by such significant features as the implementation of the covers of two parts, the location of the channels for circulation of the working fluid and atmospheric air, the rings of diamagnets, cylindrical bushings and glands installed in them, and also the clips installed in them in the form of rings, bolts located inside the cages, mounted on the blades and rigidly fixed on the cassette of the fan impellers, the location of the rotor outside the reactor compartment and its performance from three parts of the upper and lower, respectively attached to the upper and lower covers of the casing, and supplying the central cylindrical hollow part surrounding the reactor compartment with a gap with curved permanent magnet vanes in opposite directions in the upper and lower parts, performing the central part of the rotor with external thread and thread on the inner parts of the rotor covers, the direction of which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, the location on the inner part of the rotor of short straight blades, supply cent of the rotor part with bracket-shaped protrusions on both sides from the outside, the arrangement of these protrusions sequentially screwed onto bolts screwed from both sides into the side walls of the housing and serving as horizontal axes - shaft for the coil, parallel to the above and below the coil of typesetting permanent magnets screwed to the upper and bottom rotor covers, the presence on the axis of a sequentially located dielectric plate, then a diamagnet, and screwed to the central part of the rotor covering a permanent magnet from the outside a koboobraznogo permanent magnet, the implementation of vertically arranged channels near the side walls of the housing, communicating with the gaps between the rotor and the reactor compartment and between the rotor and the covers for circulating the working fluid in them, the main body of the generator, the holder and bolts made of steel, the permanent magnets made of neodymium, pyrolytic carbon diamagnets, bushings, oil seals and fan impellers made of fluoroplastic, all parts of the rotor are made of aluminum, the glass housing of the reactor compartment is made of glass with a high content ora, the use of a radioactive substance uranium 238, and water as a working fluid, providing a plurality of achieving the desired result.

The inventive nuclear generator can find wide application in the energy sector as an autonomous energy source, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings, which are presented on:

- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a nuclear generator;

- FIG. 2 is a general sectional view of a nuclear generator with a removed reactor compartment;

- FIG. 3 - the location of the blades above the dial magnet, giving a jet motion to the rotor;

- FIG. 4 - - construction of a staple-shaped permanent magnet;

- FIG. 5 - the device of electric coils and permanent magnets on the axis of the bolts;

- FIG. 6 - connection of the coils of the first phase;

- FIG. 7 - the location of the blades under the dial magnet;

- FIG. 8 - location of the cage inside the bottom cover;

- FIG. 9 - assembly of the reactor compartment;

- FIG. 10 - connection of the rotor with a central magnet;

- FIG. 11 - design of a rotor with permanent magnets;

- FIG. 12 is a sequence of further assembly of the rotor;

- FIG. 13 - view of the rotor in assembled form;

- FIG. 14 - connection of the rotor with the central part of the housing;

- FIG. 15 is a view of a rotor with a central part of the housing;

- FIG. 16 - fixing the coil on a bolt screwed into the wall of the housing;

- FIG. 17 - assembly of the middle part of the body with its covers.

The nuclear generator (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) consists of a housing 1. The housing consists of three parts: the central part 2, the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4. The upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4 are attached to the central part of the housing 2 with screws 5 and 6 respectively. Bolts 7 are screwed inside the central part of the housing 2. Coils 8, dielectrics 9 and diamagnetics 10 are mounted on these bolts 7 using a screw connection. Inside the housing 1 there is a rotor 11. A permanent magnet 12 is rigidly fixed on the rotor 11. Inside the housing 1 there is a reactor compartment 13 working as a heating element. It consists of a radioactive element 14, a lead casing 15 and a glass shell with a high content of boron 16. In the upper part of the rotor 11 there are blades 17. Permanent magnets 18 and 19 are rigidly fixed to the rotor 11. In the walls of the housing 1 are channels 20 and 21. B vanes 22 are located on the bottom of rotor 5. A ring of diamagnet 23 is fixed on the inside of the top cover 3. A ring of diamagnet 24 is fixed on the inside of the bottom cover 4. The screws 25 are attached to the blades 17. The screws 25 pass inside the yoke 26. The yoke 26 rotates freely between sa a nut 27 and a sleeve 28 fixed inside the top cover 3. On the outer side of the cage 26, the fan wheel 29 is rigidly fixed. Inside the cover 3 there are ventilation holes 30. The screws 31 are attached to the blades 22. The screws 31 pass inside the cage 32. The cage 32 rotates freely between the gland 33 and the sleeve 34, mounted inside the bottom cover 4. On the outer side of the casing 32, the fan wheel 35 is rigidly fixed. Inside the cover 4 there are ventilation holes 36. On the inner part of the rotor 5 are blades 37. Also inside the housing 1 is filled working fluid (water).

The nuclear generator operates as follows. The blades 17 and 22 are niode magnets. Between the blades 17 and 22 and the rings of diamagnetics (pyrolytic graphite) 23, 24, accordingly, electric forces arise. Diamagnets 23, 24 push out the magnetic field created by the blades 17 and 22 of the neodymium magnets. Because of this, the effect of diamagnetic levitation occurs. At the same time, between diamagnetics 10, mounted on the screws 7 and the magnet 12, mounted on the rotor 11, electric forces arise. Diamagnetics 10 push out the magnetic field created by the magnet 12, which also causes the effect of diamagnetic levitation. Since the magnet 12 and the blades 17 and 22 are rigidly fixed to the rotor 11, the entire rotor will hover above the diamagnets 23 and 24 without touching the housing 1. The diamagnets 10 will act as a stabilizer, holding the rotor 11 in a vertical position. The reactor compartment 13 will constantly heat the working fluid. This happens as follows. Radioactive substance 14 (uranium 238) is constantly decaying. During decay, it emits alpha, beta and gamma particles, as well as neutrons. Lead casing 15 absorbs alpha, beta and gamma particles. The high boron glass shell 16 absorbs neutrons. When the charged particles are absorbed, the lead casing 15 and the glass shell 16 are heated. This thermal energy heats the reactor compartment 13. The working fluid inside the rotor 11 is heated from the reactor compartment 13, expands and rises. There it boils and with force leaves the rotor. In this case, it is repelled from the blades 17, forcing them to rotate. When the rotor rotates, the magnets 18 and 19 pass above and below the coils 8, respectively, while an electric current arises in the coils. From the magnet 12 are electromagnetic waves. So that they do not interfere with the occurrence of an electric current, a dielectric 9 is screwed in the coils 8 on the screw 7. Due to the centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the rotor 11, the working fluid is ejected onto the central part of the housing 2. There it enters the channels 20. Blades 22, located in the lower part of the rotor 11 during rotation of the rotor, the working fluid is sucked from the channels 20 into the rotor. There, it heats up and rises. When moving upward, the working fluid pushes the blades 37, giving additional energy for rotation of the rotor. The working fluid, rising up, begins to boil and the cycle repeats.

So that the circulation of the working fluid does not stop, a cooling system is provided in the nuclear generator. Screws 25 are screwed to the blades 17. Rotating, the rotor 11 rotates the blades 17 and the screws 25 screwed to them. The screws 25 pass inside the yoke 26, so when the screws 25 rotate, the yoke 26 rotates. The yoke 26 rotates freely between the stuffing box 27 and the sleeve 28 fixed inside the cover 3. The stuffing box 27 and the sleeve 28 are made of fluoroplastic material that allows the slide 26 to slide freely, at the same time they do not allow the working fluid to penetrate outside the clip 26. The fan impeller 29 is rigidly fixed on the clip 26. This means that when rotor rotation 11 the fan impeller 29 rotates. The nuclear generator has a similar design at the bottom, which is why when the rotor 11 rotates, the fan impeller 35 rotates. When the fan impeller 35 rotates, it draws in cold ambient air through the ventilation holes 36. Then this air flows through channels 21. There it Heats up, cooling working fluid. When the fan impeller 29 rotates, it pushes this hot air through the ventilation holes 30.

Also in FIG. 2, shown with the reactor compartment removed, it is clearly seen how the working fluid circulates inside the nuclear generator. This scheme is familiar to everyone, since it resembles boiling water in a pan. In the pan, the water heats, boils and rises, where it condenses on the lid and walls, thereby cooling. When it flows down, it heats up again and the process repeats. If you constantly maintain the boiling point, but do not change the heating temperature (do not increase or decrease it), then the process can be repeated indefinitely, as in a pressure cooker. Moreover, this design requires cooling. For this, fan impellers 29 and 35 are provided. External cold air cools the working fluid, thereby exchanging heat inside the nuclear battery, while the vapor in the upper part of the battery condenses and becomes liquid, flowing down the channels 20. There it again heats up from the fuel cell and turns into steam - the cycle repeats. The higher the boiling point of the working fluid, the faster the rotor 11 rotates. The faster the rotor 11 rotates, the more cold ambient air is pumped through the nuclear battery. This means that the battery automatically adjusts its rotation speed and adjusts to the ambient temperature.

Section AA in figure 3 clearly shows how the blades 17 are located, which give reactive movement to the rotor 11. It is also clearly seen that the working fluid, as soon as it leaves the rotor, immediately enters the channel 20 through the holes inside the central part of the housing 2.

In section B-B of figure 4, the device of magnet 12 is clearly visible. It is an integral magnet of complex shape. Due to its shape and polarity, it holds the rotor 11 both horizontally and vertically, excluding the runout of the rotor along these planes. It should not be forgotten that we are talking about the effect of diamagnetic levitation. The rotor will soar freely on magnetic fields, thereby eliminating friction. This design of the magnet, when correctly installed, strictly perpendicular to the ground, will allow the rotor to rotate for a very long time, thanks to inertia forces. Also in figure 4, the arrangement of magnets 18 is clearly visible. There are twelve such magnets in total. They have different polarity. In figure 1, magnet 18 is magnetized so that the north pole N is at the top and the south pole S is at the bottom. The applicant called this polarity direct “P”. But, so that when the rotor 11 rotates, an alternating electric current is obtained, the magnets 18 must alternate in polarity so that the south pole S is at the top and the north pole N is at the bottom. The applicant called this polarity the reverse “O”. Figure 4 shows how the magnets 18 alternate in polarity. A similar device possess magnets 19. Only with this arrangement, when the rotor 11 is rotated, an alternating current is obtained. Magnets 18 and 19 are located strictly parallel and opposite each other. If a coil between two permanent magnets rotates in a conventional generator with a classic layout, then the reverse scheme is applied when the coil remains stationary and the magnets rotate around them. With such a scheme, there is no need for generator brushes with which electric current would be removed. The rejection of the generator brushes eliminates friction and increases the life of the generator.

In the section CC of Figure 5, the arrangement of coils 8 and diamagnetics 10 is clearly visible. There are twelve total coils and diamagnets. Coils connected in parallel in three electric circuits will give a three-phase electric current. Since the coils are twelve, then 12: 3 = 4. It turns out that with one revolution of the rotor 11, the phases inside the coils change four times. In a conventional electrical network, current is supplied at a frequency of 50 hertz, that is, 50 oscillations per second and 3000 revolutions of the generator shaft per minute. Since in one revolution there is a phase change four times, then 3000: 4 = 750. That is, in order to get the frequency of the current, as in the electric network, the rotor must rotate at a frequency of 750 rpm. You can increase or decrease the number of coils and magnets by a multiple of 6. Accordingly, with this number, you will need to increase or decrease the number of revolutions of the rotor in order to obtain current as in an electric network. Figure 5 shows how the coils are distributed over the three phases of the electric current. And figure 6 shows how the coils of the first phase will be connected. Similarly, the coils of two other phases will be connected. So when the rotor 11 is rotated, a three-phase current can be obtained, as in an electric network.

The section D-D of figure 7 shows how the blades 22 are located. Unlike the blades 17, they are located in the opposite direction and suck in the working fluid. That is, the blades 17 during the rotation of the rotor 11 operate as a hydraulic motor, and the blades 22 during the rotation of the rotor 11 operate as a hydraulic pump. For constant rotation, the performance of the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic pump must be the same. If this is not so, then either the hydraulic motor or the hydraulic pump will simply not have enough working fluid and the rotor 11 will stop. If they have the same performance, then there will be no gain in work. This means that the rotor 11 will stop under the action of friction and inertia. To prevent this, the blades 37 are located on the inner part of the rotor 11. These blades provide additional energy for the rotation of the rotor 11. The presence of a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump in one design allows the generator to work without using gravity, which in turn makes it possible for the generator to work in any position relative to the earth, including zero gravity.

On the cross-section EE of figure 8 it is seen how the cage 33 with the fan wheel 35 is located inside the lower cover 4, mounted on the screws 31. The arrangement of the channels 21 through which air circulates to cool the working fluid is also clearly visible.

The generator assembly is as follows. The generator is assembled on screw connections. The assembly process must begin with the assembly of the reactor compartment 13. Figure 9 shows in detail this process. The glass shell 16 consists of two parts: a glass cup 16A and a glass lid 16B. The glass 16A is mounted on a hard, flat surface, strictly perpendicular to the ground. Molten lead is poured into this glass beaker, as seen in Figure 9A. Next, you need to wait for the lead to solidify. After the lead has solidified, the radioactive element 14 will interfere inside, as shown in Figure 9B. This radioactive element should be strictly oriented in the center of the glass. For orientation, the edges of the glass and the fuel element 14 are marked with a pencil and a ruler. Then, the fuel element 14 is oriented in the center of the glass, as shown in figure 9 B. Next, the fuel element 14 is filled with liquid lead, as shown in figure 9G. After the lead hardens, a glass lid 16B is put on the glass, as can be seen in Figure 9D. Then, the glass lid 16B is fixed with a clamp and welded to the glass beaker 16A using a gas burner, as shown in Figure 9E. In figure 9G, we see the finished fuel cell.

After the fuel cell is created, it is necessary to proceed with the assembly of the rotor 11.

In order not to complicate the drawing in other figures, the applicant depicted the rotor as one piece. In fact, it should consist of three parts 11A - the central part, 11B - the upper part and 11C - the lower part. The assembly begins with the central part of the rotor 11A being inserted into the central magnet 12. This can be seen in figure 10.

Figure 11 shows how the blades 17 are screwed onto the top cover of the rotor 11 B from above and the magnets 18 are screwed from below. The blades 22 are screwed to the bottom of the rotor 11C from above and the magnets 19 are screwed from below.

Figure 12 shows how the upper and lower covers 11B and 11C are screwed to the middle part of the rotor 11A, respectively. How is this happening? The fact is that on the middle part of the rotor 11A there is an external thread. And on the inside of the rotor covers 11B and 11C there is an internal thread. That is, the covers are simply screwed onto the middle part of the rotor. It should be borne in mind that the direction of the thread is inverse to the direction of rotation of the rotor. This must be done so that the covers do not unwind and the rotor does not collapse during operation of the nuclear generator. The covers with the help of a thread will securely fix the central magnet 12 in the desired position.

The figure 13 shows the rotor in assembled form.

Figure 14 shows the sequence in which further assembly will take place. First, coils 8 are inserted into the rotor 11. After that, the rotor with coils is inserted into the central part of the housing 2.

The figure 15 shows the Central part of the housing in assembled form.

The figure 16 shows how the coils 8 will be fixed. First, a dielectric 9 and a diamagnet 10 are screwed onto the screw 7. Next, the screw 7 is inserted into the coil 8. The diameter of the dielectric 9 and diamagnet 10 is smaller than the hole located in the coil 8, so the bolt easily passes inside her. Then we begin to tighten screw 7. Inside the case 2 and coil 8 there is a thread, therefore, when the screw 7 is rotated, we firmly fix the coil 8 to the case 2. We also do this with all the other 11 coils.

In figure 17 you can see the final part of the assembly. In order not to complicate the drawing in other figures, the applicant depicted the covers as one piece. In fact, the top cover 3 consists of two parts 3A and 3B. The bottom cover 4 also consists of two parts 4A and 4B. After installing the coils 8 in the rotor 11, a fuel cell is inserted. An oil seal 27 is installed on the fuel element 13. A sleeve 28 is installed in the upper cover 3A, then a diamagnet ring 17 and a sleeve 26. The sleeve 26 is put on the oil seal 27 and fixed with screws 25. The upper cover 3B is put on the central part of the housing 2 and the upper cover 3A, and the whole structure is fixed with screws 5. After that, it is necessary to turn the structure over and fill in the working fluid (water). Next, a gland 33 is installed on the fuel element 13. A sleeve 34 is installed in the lower cover 4A, then a diamagnet 24 ring and a holder 32. The holder 32 is put on the oil seal 33 and fixed with screws 31. The lower cover 4 is put on the central part of the housing 2 and the lower cover 4A B, and the whole structure is fixed with screws 6. The generator is ready for operation. As you can see, the design of a nuclear generator is quite simple - it can be easily assembled and disassembled, and for this work a highly skilled worker is not required.

How to start the generator? To do this, it is enough to apply alternating electric current to coils 8. When the rotor 11 reaches 750 revolutions per minute - the electric current can be turned off. Further, the rotor will rotate due to the decay of the radioactive element 14.

What materials should be used to create a nuclear generator? All parts of the rotor 11A, 11B and 11C, as well as all the blades, must be made lightweight and durable so that the generator does not waste excess energy for its rotation. Aluminum is good for this. All bolts must be strong enough not to break when the temperature changes, so they need to be made steel. Steel can make the clip and the main body of the nuclear generator. Magnets can be made neodymium. They are very slowly demagnetized. At room temperature, they lose 0.1% charge in ten years. Any nuclear material can be selected, but such that it decomposes as long as possible and constantly emits the same amount of energy over a long period of time. Uranium 238 would be a good fit for such purposes. It emits little energy, but it is also very energy intensive. Its half-life is 3.5 billion years. In Russia, huge reserves of this metal have been created, which, according to conservative estimates, will last for hundreds of years. Glands, bushings and fan impellers must be made of fluoroplastic. It is cheap enough, creates minimal friction, is little susceptible to abrasion, and most importantly it seals the nuclear generator well, preventing the leakage of the working fluid. The only expensive part of the nuclear generator is a glass shell 16 with a high content of boron. But in Russia, the production of such glass has long been established. Aluminum, steel, neodymium, lead, glass, uranium 238 - these are the materials from which the generator will be made. They are relatively cheap and readily available. The design of a nuclear generator is simple and can easily be mastered in production. This means that the cost of the generator will be much lower than the production of a nuclear reactor.

If we talk about the efficiency of the generator, then it is quite high. How is this achieved? To get an electric current, it is necessary to untwist the rotor up to 750 rpm. But you can spin the rotor simply by supplying electric current to the coils 8. Further, the rotation will be supported by the force of inertia. The friction force during rotation of the rotor is very small, since there are few friction surfaces, and the role of bearings is played by neodymium magnets and diamagnets. Most of the friction is due to magnetic fields. Magnetic fields can also slow down the rotation of the rotor, but this process is much slower than when rotating on conventional bearings. Yes, uranium 238 gives very little energy in decay, but the strength of this energy depends on the mass of uranium. The diagram shows that uranium itself occupies almost a quarter of the volume of the entire generator, which means that it can provide the necessary energy. Moreover, this energy does not require too much. It should only support the inertial rotation of the rotor. It is easy to guess that a nuclear generator only repeats the scheme of long-known nuclear reactors. The efficiency of such reactors is from 30 to 45%, but this indicator has never exceeded 50%. In the design of the applicant, the same processes occur as in a nuclear reactor: decay of a radioactive element, heating of the working fluid, conversion of working fluid energy into mechanical energy, conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy using coils and permanent magnets. But the fundamental difference between a nuclear generator and a nuclear reactor is that it has a very compact design, that is, the conversion of one type of energy into another occurs almost instantly, without energy loss. And given the fact that the rotor does not need to be constantly untwisted, but only it is necessary to maintain its inertial rotation, the efficiency of this device can come very close to 50% or even exceed them!

Advantages and disadvantages of a nuclear generator. The main advantages of this generator are simplicity of design, low cost of materials and production, also compactness, and high efficiency. There are few friction surfaces in the generator, which means that it can work for a long time without breaking or requiring repair. In addition, ordinary water will be used as the working fluid. The generator will produce a three-phase electric current at the output, so it can easily be used as an autonomous energy source anywhere in the world. It is very reliable, therefore, subject to the necessary conditions: do not heat the generator, observe its tightness, do not turn it over and install it vertically on the ground - it can work for many years. But it can also be used in space. He does not need to use gravity in his work, so he will be very useful for space research. But with all the positive aspects, this generator has a serious drawback - it is a central magnet. On it, or rather, on its magnetic fields, the entire rotor rests. If you make a mistake with magnetic fields, then the rotor will touch the walls of the housing and the entire structure will collapse. In addition, the central magnet is located on the border of heat and cold. The fact is that inside the rotor, water boils and rises up, and on the outer part of the central magnet it already condenses and cools down. At this temperature difference there is a loss of energy. In order to reduce energy losses and reduce friction between coils and magnets, the applicant provided additional channels 20 in the housing walls. Another serious drawback is the use of water as a working fluid. Although water is easily accessible and non-toxic, it corrodes the steel parts of the generator and neodymium magnets, which can lead to its gradual failure. Another serious drawback is the large number of screw connections. Water leaks may occur through loose threads, so the applicant would recommend enclosing the nuclear generator in a tight concrete casing, leaving openings for ventilation. The rest of the advantages of the generator far exceed all its shortcomings.

In comparison with the prototype of the inventive generator is simpler and cheaper in design and more efficient.

Claims (1)

A nuclear generator containing a protective non-magnetic cylindrical body, closed on both sides of the upper and lower removable covers, characterized in that the covers consist of two parts and the channels available for circulating the working fluid and air, the rings of diamagnets and cylindrical bushings installed in them and gaskets, as well as the clips installed in them in the form of rings, bolts located inside the clips, mounted on the blades and rigidly fixed on the clip of the fan impellers, in which there is at least one located near the side walls, an electric coil, near which there is a permanent magnet, made up of sectors with alternating poles in neighboring sectors, in the central part of the housing there is a reactor compartment perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, containing a lead casing with a radioactive substance inside the glass case, while near the reactor compartment there is a rotor with permanent magnets, and all structural elements are located in the housing with gaps between them, forming channels for cooling circulation of the supplying liquid, the rotor is located outside the reactor compartment and consists of three parts: the upper and lower, respectively attached to the upper and lower covers of the casing, and the central cylindrical hollow part, equipped with curved blades located in opposite directions in the upper and lower parts made of permanent magnets while the external thread is made on the central part of the rotor, the thread is also on the internal parts of the rotor covers, the direction of the thread is back to the direction of rotation of the rotor, the morning part of which there are short straight blades, and the reactor compartment surrounding the gap, the central part of the rotor is equipped with staple-shaped protrusions on both sides from the outside, in which are sequentially screwed onto the bolts, screwed from both sides into the side walls of the housing and serving as horizontal axes - shafts for the coil above and below which in parallel are stacked permanent magnets screwed to the upper and lower rotor covers, on which a dielectric plate is then put on, then a diamagnet, and, a staple-shaped permanent magnet, which is screwed to the central part of the rotor and surrounds the diamagnet from the outside, while vertically arranged channels are made near the side walls of the casing, communicating with gaps between the rotor and the reactor compartment and between the rotor and the covers for circulating the working fluid in them, while the main generator housing , the cage and bolts are made of steel, the magnets are made of neodymium, the diamagnets are made of pyrolytic carbon, the bushings, seals and fan impellers are made of fluoroplastic, all parts of the rotor are made of a luminium, the glass body of the reactor compartment is made of glass with a high boron content, uranium 238 serves as a radioactive substance, water is used as the working fluid.

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