RU1841050C - Pulsed microwave power meter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for measuring high pulsed microwave power. The pulsed microwave power meter includes a shielded microwave unit module (1) and a low-frequency voltage meter (2). The shielded microwave unit module (1) consists of a communication element (4), a receiving microwave transducer (5), an input switch (6), an information storage unit (7), an output switch (8), a rectifier (9), a delay unit (10) and a gate former (11). The input of the communication element (4) is the input of the microwave module (1). The true output of the communication element (4) is connected to the rectifier (9), and the tapped output is connected to the receiving microwave transducer (5). The output of the receiving microwave transducer (5) is connected to the information storage unit (7) and the information input of the input switch (6). The output of the input switch (6) is connected to the housing. The output of the information storage unit (7) is connected to the information input of the output switch (8). The output of the output switch (8) is connected to the information input of the low-frequency voltage meter (2). The output of the rectifier (9) is connected to the control input of the output switch (8) and the input of the delay unit (10). The output of the delay unit (10) is connected to the gate former (11). The gate former (11) is connected to the control input of the input switch (6).

EFFECT: high noise-immunity when measuring high microwave power levels.

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Description

The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to devices for measuring microwave power.

Well-known microwave power meters consist of a receiving microwave converter and a low-frequency meter (see, for example, M.I. Bilko et al., “Measuring microwave power”, M.,. Sov. Radio ’, 1976, section 1.2, fig. . 1.4, 1.5).

A common disadvantage of the known microwave power meters is the low noise immunity, which leads to a distortion of the measurement results, especially when measuring large power levels, which have been used relatively recently.

In the mentioned pulsed microwave power meters, consisting of a receiving microwave converter and a low-frequency meter, the voltmeter method is often used to measure the voltage at the output of a receiving microwave converter, the amplitude of which is proportional to the measured power (see, for example, M.I. Bilko et al., ″ Measurement of power at microwave ″, M., ″ Sov. Radio ″, 1976, section 2.5, 4.1).

Such meters also have low noise immunity due to pickups on low-frequency circuits at the time of microwave radiation.

Closest to the proposed one is a microwave power meter according to USSR author's certificate No. 752180, containing a diode converter (receiving microwave converter), a self-compensation converter and an analyzing device (low-frequency voltage meter) connected in series.

In a diode converter, microwave energy is converted into a pulse voltage (envelope of a microwave signal), the amplitude of which is proportional to the measured pulse power.

In a low-frequency voltage meter, the pulse voltage is converted to constant, which can be measured directly by a measuring device, or used in an automated control system.

This microwave pulsed power meter is selected as a prototype.

One of the main disadvantages of the prototype is the low noise immunity caused by pickups in low-frequency circuits, mainly power circuits, at the time of microwave radiation and during transient attenuation (of the order of microseconds).

At small and medium levels of the measured pulsed microwave power, noise immunity is achieved in practice by rational placement of the meter in the device, sometimes individually for each set, by shielding the power supply circuits, by filtering, by rationally laying the power and synchronization cables, etc.

When measuring high levels of pulsed microwave power, the complexity of providing the necessary noise immunity increases significantly, because the above methods do not give a positive result.

The aim of the present invention is to increase the noise immunity when measuring large levels of pulsed microwave power.

This goal is achieved by the fact that an input key, an information storage device, an output key, a communication element, a rectifier, a delay device, a gate driver, which together with the receiving microwave converter, are introduced into a pulsed microwave power meter containing a receiving microwave converter and a low-frequency voltage meter shielded microwave module. The input of the communication element is the input of the microwave module, the direct output of the communication element is connected to the rectifier, and the branch output is connected to the receiving microwave converter, the output of which is connected to the information storage device and the information input of the input key, the output of which is connected to the housing. The output of the information storage device is connected to the information input of the output key, the output of which is connected to the information input of the low-frequency voltage meter. The rectifier output is connected to the control input of the output key and a delay device, the output of which is connected to the gate driver connected to the control input of the input key.

A further increase in noise immunity can be achieved by the fact that the pulse microwave power meter contains a blocking device and is made with an additional sync pulse input, which coincides in time with the transmitter start pulse, to which the blocking device input is connected. The output of the blocking device is connected to one of the circuits of the low-frequency voltage meter, made with the possibility of blocking.

The use of these distinguishing features with the connections between them in other similar devices to increase noise immunity is unknown to the authors.

Thus, the essence of this proposal is that the measurement of pulsed microwave power is performed at a time when the effect of interference and interference is already completed. This happens: firstly, by storing information characterizing the measured pulsed microwave power, and storing it for the duration of interference and interference, and the power of devices that implement storing and storing information is produced by using part of the microwave energy (from the rectifier), which eliminates the need to introduce power wires into the microwave module that are interfered with, and this ensures a high degree of shielding of the microwave module;

secondly, the circuits of the low-frequency voltage meter are blocked and opened for measurement only after the time specified by the blocking device expires and a known longer time of interference and interference.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 1 ÷ Fig. 5, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the proposed device;

in FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the operation of the proposed device;

in FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a low frequency voltage meter;

in FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a locking device;

in FIG. 5 is an example of a circuit diagram of a microwave module.

The proposed pulse microwave power meter consists of (see Fig. 1) a shielded microwave module 1, a low-frequency voltage meter 2 and a blocking device 3.

The microwave module 1 consists of a communication element 4, a receiving microwave converter 5, an input key 6, an information storage device 7, an output key 8, a rectifier 9, a delay device 10, and a gate former 11.

The input of the communication element 4 is the input of the microwave module 1, its direct output is connected to the rectifier 9, and the branch to the receiving microwave converter 5. The output of the receiving microwave converter 5 is connected to the information input of the input key 6, the output of which is connected to the housing, and to the input of the device storing information 7, the output of which is connected to the information input of the output key 8.

The output of the rectifier 9 is connected to the control input of the output key 8 and the input of the delay device 10, which is connected through the driver of the gate 11 to the control input of the input key 6. The output of the output key 8 is connected to the information input of the low-frequency meter voltage 2, to the control input of which the locking device 3 is connected .

The meter is made with an additional input of the clock pulse, to which the input of the blocking device 3 is connected.

Communication element 4 is designed to separate microwave energy into two unequal parts: the smaller is used for measurement, and the larger is used to form the supply voltage. It is made, for example, in the form of a periodic stub coupler with a transient attenuation of the order of 10 dB (see “Design and Calculation of Strip Devices”, edited by I.S. Kovalev, M., “Sov. Radio ″, 1974, p. 159). In FIG. 5 is depicted as an element E1.

The receiving microwave converter 5 is designed to convert microwave energy into an electrical signal, for example, the pulse voltage available for measurement by low-frequency devices, and is made, for example, in the form of a detector section, consisting of those shown in FIG. 5 microwave diode D1, capacitor C1 and resistor R1 (see MI Bilko et al., “Measurement of power on the microwave ″, M., ″ Sov. Radio ″ ..., 1976, p. 71).

Input 6 and output 8 keys are designed to provide a key mode of information flow and are executed, for example, on field-effect transistors of type 2P103E (see S.V. Kulikov, ″ Pulse measuring transducers ″, M., ″ Energy ″, 1974, p. 28 , Fig. 6B, as well as L. Sevin, ″ Field effect transistors ″, under the editorship of Mazel, M., ″ Sov. radio ″, 1968, p. 136).

In FIG. 5 - transistors T1 and T2.

The information storage device 7 is intended for storing and storing information and is made, for example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5 storage capacitor C4 and isolation diode D4 of type 2D522 (see P. Gareth, ″ Analog Devices for Microprocessors and Mini-Computers ″, M., ″ Mir ″, 1981, p. 142).

The rectifier 9 is designed to convert microwave energy to the supply voltage of the elements of the microwave module 1 and is made, for example, according to the circuit of doubling the voltage from those shown in FIG. 5 microwave diodes D2, D3 and capacitors C2, C3 (see ″ Power sources REA ″, edited by Navelt, M., ″ Radio and communication ″, 1985, p. 123, 124).

The delay device 10 is designed to delay the input signal in time and is made, for example, according to the scheme of the passive integrator from those shown in FIG. 5 resistor R2 and capacitor C5 (see A.A. Chesnokov ″ Solving Amplifiers ″, L., ″ Energy ″, 1969, p. 42, Fig. 19).

The gate former 11 is designed to generate a strobe pulse of a given duration and is made on two field-effect transistors of the 2P103E type (T3, T4 in FIG. 5) and a timing circuit from those indicated in FIG. 5 resistors R3, R4 and capacitor C6 (see S.V. Kulikov ″ Pulse measuring transducers ″, M., ″ Energy ″, 1974, p. 28, as well as A.A. Chesnokov, ″ Solving amplifiers ″, L. , ″ Energy ″, 1969, p. 39, Fig. 14).

Thus, the microwave module 1 is structurally a board with the elements placed on it, indicated in FIG. 5, and placed in a shielded enclosure.

Low-frequency voltage meter 2 is designed to convert the input pulse signal to a quasi-constant level with further measurement of its amplitude and is performed by ed. testimonial. USSR No. 898335 ″ Converter of pulse signals to direct voltage ″. The block diagram is shown in Fig. 3.

The locking device 3 is designed to block a low-frequency voltage meter 2 for the duration of interference and interference and consists, for example, of (see Fig. 4):

- pulse shaper 17, intended for matching circuits and made, for example, according to the emitter follower circuit on a series 218-218UE2 microcircuit (see ″ Quick Information Guide. Integrated Circuits ″., t. 2, Central Research Institute ″ Rumb ″, 1970, p. 25);

- delay devices 18, designed to obtain a given shift relative to the clock pulse and made, for example, according to the waiting multivibrator scheme on the 218-218GF2 series microcircuit (see Крат Quick Information Guide. Integrated Circuits ″, t. 2, Central Research Institute ″ Rumb ″, 1970, p. 41);

- a gate shaper 19, designed to receive a strobe pulse of a given duration and made, for example, according to the waiting multivibrator scheme on a 218-218GF2 series microcircuit (see Крат Quick Information Guide. Integrated Circuits ’, t. 2, Central Research Institute НИ Rumb’ 1970, p. 41).

Pulse microwave power meter works as follows:

The microwave signal is fed to the microwave module 1 at the input of the communication element 4, where it branches and part of the microwave energy is sent to the receiving microwave converter 5 for further conversion and measurement, and the direct output of microwave energy is supplied to the rectifier 9 to generate the supply voltage of the microwave devices module 1.

At the output of the receiving microwave converter 5, an envelope of the microwave signal is formed (see Fig. 2), at the beginning and at the end of which, as a rule, there are amplitude spikes determined by transients, and between them a stationary section. To isolate the stationary part of the envelope, use the input key 6. If there is no voltage at its control input, the input key 6 is open and bypasses the signal at the output of the receiving microwave converter 5. The input key 6 is controlled by the gate former 11. The voltage from the output of the rectifier 9 is delayed by the delay device 10 by the time during which there are amplitude surges at the beginning of the envelope of the microwave signal, after which the gate driver 11 generates a strobe pulse, the duration of which corresponds to the duration of stationary part of the envelope. This strobe pulse is fed to the control input of the input key 6, it is closed for the duration of the strobe pulse and the stationary part of the microwave signal envelope is stored in the information storage device 7. After the strobe pulse ends, the input key 6 opens and shunts the trailing edge of the microwave signal envelope.

When voltage appears at the output of the rectifier 9, it enters the control input of the output key 8 and it closes, breaking the circuit between the output of the information storage device 7 and the output of the microwave module 1.

When the voltage at the output of the rectifier 9 decreases to the opening level of the output key 8 (and this time is obviously longer than the duration of the interference and transient processes), the latter opens and the signal from the output of the storage device 7 is fed to the output of the microwave module 1.

The next time the microwave signal arrives at the input of the microwave module 1, the process is repeated.

Despite the fact that the information from the output of the microwave module 1 is fed to the information input of the low-frequency voltage meter 2 already after the end of the interference and transients, the measurement results may be unreliable, because interference at the input of the low-frequency voltage meter 2 can be perceived by him as a useful signal and measured. To eliminate this phenomenon, the low-frequency voltage meter 2 is blocked and opened for measurement only by the signal of the blocking device 3.

The sync pulse, coinciding in time with the trigger pulse of the transmitter, is delayed in the blocking device 3 by a time exceeding the duration of the interference and transient processes. After this time, a blocking pulse is generated in the blocking device 3, which arrives at the control input of the low-frequency voltage meter 2, opening it to measure the input signal. The duration of the strobe pulse is selected sufficient to ensure the measurement process.

In the event that instead of a clock pulse an interference signal is input to the blocking device 3, the blocking device 3 will be triggered by this signal and the strobe pulse at its output will appear after a time also exceeding the duration of the interference and transient processes.

As a result, the amplitude of only the stationary part of the envelope of the microwave signal is measured, and the signal for measurement is output from the microwave module 1 only after the end of the interference and transient processes.

The low-frequency voltage meter 2 is also blocked for the duration of the interference and transient processes, and, moreover, the interference signal received at the input of the blocking device 3 starts it, and the opening time of the low-frequency voltage meter 2 is counted from the arrival time of the interference signal at the input.

Due to this, the noise immunity of the proposed device compared with the prototype increases by 2-3 orders of magnitude.

Claims (2)

1. Pulse microwave power meter containing a receiving microwave converter and a low-frequency voltage meter, characterized in that, in order to increase noise immunity when measuring large levels of microwave power, it contains an input key, an information storage unit, an output key, a communication element, a rectifier, a block delays, the gate driver, which together with the receiving microwave converter form a shielded microwave module, while the input of the communication element is the input of the microwave module, the direct output of the communication element is connected to the rectifier body, and the branched output to the microwave receiving converter, the output of which is connected to the information storage unit and the input key information input, the output of which is connected to the housing, the information storage unit output is connected to the output key information input, the output of which is connected to the information input of the low-frequency voltage meter, the rectifier output is connected to the control input of the output key and the delay unit, the output of which is connected to the gate driver connected to the control input of the input cl cha. 2. The microwave pulse power meter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a blocking device and is configured with an additional synchronization input, to which a blocking device input is connected, the output of which is connected to one of the circuits of the low-frequency voltage meter, which is capable of blocking.

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