RU1839192C - Method for production leather of fish hide - Google Patents

Description

three 0.4-0.6% (by weight of raw materials), desalination is combined with degreasing of the salt using ammonium sulfate 1.5-2.0%, sodium formate 0.4-0.6% and nonionic surfactant 0.4-0.6% (by weight gol), pickling is carried out with an acid-salt solution, followed by treatment with a batch liquid and sodium formate 0.4-0.6% (by weight gol).

Tanning is carried out at a flow rate of chrome tanning agent of 1.3-1.5% (by weight of a gol), based on chromium oxide with sequential introduction of sodium formate 0.4-0.6% and magnesium oxide 0.2-0.4% ( by weight gol)

treatment of the hollow out semi-finished product is carried out with proteolytic enzyme preparations, for example, pancreatin or protosubtilin GZh 0.4-0.8% and nonionic surfactant 0.5-1.0% (by weight of the semi-finished product), for additional fixing of organic dyes and fatliquoring substances on the fiber of the dermis processing of the semi-finished product is carried out in a separate bath with a two-component composition consisting of potassium alum potassium alum 2-3% and phthalic anhydride 0.2-0.4% (by weight of the semi-finished product).

The technology of the method is as follows:

After preliminary soaking, degreasing and washing, the raw material is subjected to ashing at FA 2.0, a temperature of 20 ° C with a mixture of calcium dihydroxide 6% and sodium sulfite 0.5% (by weight of the raw material). After washing twice with intermediate coiling, the jelly is desalted and degreased at a liquid content of 1.5, a temperature of 28 ° C with a flow rate of ammonium sulfate 2.0%, sodium formate 0.5%, nonionic surfactant 0.5% (by weight gol), they are softened, washed, pickled with acid-salt solution, followed by treatment with a picel liquid and a 0.5% sodium formate salt (based on the weight of the mol). Tanning is carried out with a chromium tanning agent at a rate of 1.4% (calculated as chromium oxide) with activation of the binding of chromium compounds at the final stage of the process by sequentially introducing sodium formate 0.5% and magnesium oxide 0.3% (by weight of gol). The enzymatic treatment of the semi-finished product, combined with degreasing, is carried out at a liquid content of 0.9, a temperature of 55 ° C, pancreatin 0.6% and a nonionic surfactant 0.75% (by weight of the semi-finished product). After washing, neutralization, subsequent washing, cr-ashen and two-step greasing, additional dyeing of organic dyes and fatliquoring substances is carried out on the fiber of the dermis by processing the semi-finished product in a separate

bath with a mixture of alum-potassium alum, consumption 2.5%, and phthalic anhydride, consumption 0.3% (by weight of the tanned semi-finished product). The undercooking of the semifinished product is carried out by phenol-free synthetic tanning agents.

The essence of the proposed method for producing skin from fish skins is illustrated by the examples shown in Table 1.

0 Developed by the proposed and known method, the skin from the skins of fish is characterized by the indicators given in Table 2.

From the data presented in table 1 and

5 2, it can be seen that the implementation of the method according to examples 2-4 allows to obtain soft skin with high strength properties, color fastness to dry and wet friction and hydrothermal resistance. In this case, the waste technology for toxic chromium compounds is reduced and the pollution of wastewater by alkali metal sulfides is eliminated. Leather crafted by

5 of Example 1, in which the main parameters below the boundary values differ in increased stiffness, have low values of strength properties, color fastness to dry and wet friction, and hydro thermal stability. The leathers produced according to example 5, in which the main parameters are higher than the boundary values, are characterized by increased stiffness, lower strength properties and

5 color fastness to dry and wet friction. At a high level of hydrothermal stability, close to that of leathers according to Examples 2-4, the waste of the technology for toxic chromium compounds increases significantly (2-3 times). .

The developed method for producing leather from fish skins is characterized by the following advantages:

5 granulation with a mixture of calcium dihydroxide and sodium sulfite without the use of sodium sulfide makes it possible to obtain softer and more elastic skin with gentle treatment and to eliminate the pollution of wastewater with toxic alkali metal sulfides;

the use of sodium formate for desalination and degreasing, which eliminates the formation of insoluble calcium compounds in the dermis and creates conditions for more uniform tanning of chromium and dye compounds with aniline dyes;

the picon system used allows masking chromium compounds, as well as increasing the uniformity of tanning and binding of chromium compounds to dermis;

the limited consumption of chrome tanning agent during tanning and activating its binding at the final stage of the process by introducing sodium formate and magnesium oxide can increase the uniformity of tanning and the binding of chromium compounds to dermis, as well as significantly reduce tanning solution waste and pollution of wastewater with toxic compounds chromium;

treatment of the hollow out semi-finished product with proteolytic enzyme preparations in combination with non-ionic surfactants with a high degree of biodegradability helps to clean the dermis of non-collagen components and additional disclosure of its structure, increase the softness and elasticity of the skin, improve the uniformity of the dye, increase the yield of the skin over the area and reduce dirtiness Wastewater;

0

the parameters of dyeing and greasing contribute to the revitalization of the color tone, increase, the stability of the color of the skin to dry and wet friction and their softness;

the use of phenol-free synthetic tanning agents for tanning with a limited flow rate makes it possible to prevent unbound tanning agents and phenol-containing compounds from entering the wastewater. (56) 1. German patent NJ 687611, cl. C 14 C 13/00, 1940.

2.Friedland A.A. The production of leather at factories of local industry, Moscow: Giz-5 Legprom, 1953,

3. German patent No. 694488, C 14 C 13/00, 1940.

4. Patent NDP No. 37821, С 14 С 3/00, 1955.

b. U.S. Patent No. 4,379,708, C 14 C 3/28, 1983.

b. Patent of Germany No. 3534353, class C 14 C 13/00, 1987.

0

class

class

class

25

Table 1

Table 2

Claims (2)

1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING SKIN FROM SKIN FISH, including soaking, calcium dihydroxide and sodium sulfur-containing salts; decontamination with an inorganic salt, degreasing with a non-ionic surfactant in the presence of an organic acid sodium salt, pickling with an acid-saline solution tanning agent, neutralization, dyeing, fatliquoring and finishing, distinguishing-; the fact that, in order to improve the quality and create an environmentally friendly technology, ashing is carried out at a flow rate (calcium dihydroxide and sodium sulfur-containing salt; containing salt, respectively 5 - 6 and 0.4 -), 6% by weight of the raw material, while : Sulfite using sodium sulfite; desalination and degreasing: absorb. in this case, ammonium sulfate and sodium formate are used as an inorganic salt and a sodium salt of an organic acid with a consumption of 1.5-2.0 and 0.4-0.6% by weight, respectively, and the consumption of a nonionic surfactant is 0.4 - 0.6% by weight of the gol; after pickling, the picel liquid and golt are treated sodium formate in an amount of 0.4 - 0.6% by weight of gol, tanning is carried out at a flow rate of chrome tanning agent of 1.3 - 1.5% by weight of gol, based on chromium oxide, with the sequential introduction of sodium formate and magnesium oxide when the flow rate, respectively, 0.4 - 0.6 and 0.2 - 0.4% by weight of the gol, and after tanning, the semifinished product is additionally treated with pancreatin or protosubtilin and a nonionic surfactant at a flow rate of 0.4 - 0.8 and 0, respectively 5 - 1.0% by weight of the semi-finished product, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 5 0 11L 1 839 192 2 that, in order to additionally fix alum-potassium alum on the dermis fiber with organic dyes and phthalic anhydride at their consumption, lei and fatliquoring substances, after fat, respectively, 2–3 and 0.2–0.4% of the mass prefabricated semi-finished processing is carried out. 5