RU1836692C - Poly-dimentional statistical analyzer of load smoothed out effective power - Google Patents

Description

pulses, the output of which is connected to the clock input of the second counter and the input of the fifth one-oscillator, the output of which is connected to the synchronization input of the accumulating adder and through the sixth one-vibrator is connected to the regressive input of the reverse counter, the output of the second counter through the first AND-NOT element is connected to the inverse input of the seventh one-vibrator, the output of which is connected to the installation input of the second counter and the clock input of the third counter, the second memory unit, additionally introduced a second crystal oscillator direct coal pulses, fourth counter, analog-to-digital and digital-to-south converters, quadrator and square root extractor, commutator, group of inertial units, second register, eighth and ninth one-vibrators, the highest-order output of the third counter through the eighth single-vibrator connected to the inverse the input of the first one-shot and the recording input of the second register, the information input of which is connected to the output of the accumulating adder, and the output is connected to the information input of the digital-analogue. the output of which through the quadrator is connected to the combined inputs of the group of inertial links, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding information inputs of the switch, the output of which through the square root extraction unit is connected to the information input of the analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the first address input, of the second memory unit the recording input of which through the ninth single-shot is connected to the output of the second quartz square-wave generator connected to the clock input of the fourth about the counter, the output of which is connected to the control input of the switch and the second address input of the second memory block.

Significant differences of the proposed technical solution are the use of new elements in the analyzer circuit (the second quartz rectangular pulse generator, the fourth counter, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, the quadrator and the square root extractor, the commutator, the group of inertial links, the second register, eighth and ninth odioibratora), and the organization of relations between new elements, as well as between new and old elements. These significant distinguished features provide a positive effect: 1) functional expansion

the capabilities of the analyzer by expanding the class of tasks to be solved, namely, by obtaining a family of histograms of smoothed effective non-load power - a value that is proportional to the heating temperature of conductors with different cross sections and, therefore, different constant heating times; 2) improving the accuracy of the analyzer when examining the electrical loads of industrial enterprises in order to use its information to determine the estimated heating power (see (b)).

5 in FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of an analyzer; Fig. 2 shows graphs of measured and calculated values; Fig. 3 shows a diagram of a sensor of averaged load power; drawings on

0 of Figs. 4,5 illustrates the operation of the averaged load power sensor; in Fig. b, the place of determining the calculated load from the information received by the analyzer, the Analyzer contains a sensor 1 of the average load power (SUM), the input of which is the input of the analyzer, and the output through the square 2 is connected to the combined inputs of the group of inertial links (FROM) 3- 4 of the first order with variable time constants, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding information inputs of the switch 5, the output of which is through a sequentially connected device b to extract

5 square root and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 7 is connected to the first address input of the second memory unit 8 (PSU), the second address input of which is combined with the control input of the switch

0 5 and is connected to the output of the fourth counter 9, the clock input of which is combined with the input of the ninth one-shot 10 and connected to the output of the second quartz oscillator 11 of rectangular pulses (), the inverse 5 output of the one-shot 10 is connected to the recording input of the BP 8.

The sensor 1 of the average load power (see Fig.Z) contains a pulse sensor 12 of the current load power (IDTM),

0, the input of which is the sensor IDL 1 input, and the output is connected to the clock input of the first counter 13, the output of which is connected to the information: input of the first PSU 14, the output of which is connected to the information input of the accumulating adder 15, the output of which is connected through the second register 16 in series and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 17 is connected to the output of the DUM 1, the first one-shot 13, the direct output of which is connected to the installation input of the accumulating adder 15, and the inverse one is connected to the recording input of the reverse counter 19 and the input m of the second one-vibrator 20. whose inverse output is connected to the progressive input of the reverse counter 19 and the input of the third one-shot 21, the inverse output of which is connected to the recording input of the first PSU 14, and the direct one - with the inverse input of the fourth one-shot 22 and the recording input of the first register 23, the output of which is connected to the information input of the reverse counter 19, the output of which is connected to the address input of the first PSU 14 and the information input of the first register 23, the first quartz GUI 24. whose output: is connected to the clock input ohm of the second counter 25 and the input of the fifth one-shot, the output of which is connected to the synchronization input of the accumulating adder 15 and through the sixth one-shot 27 is connected to the regressive input of the reversible counter 19. the output of the fourth one-shot 22 is connected to the installation input of the first counter 13, the output of the second counter 25 through the first AND-NOT element 28 is connected to the inverse input of the seventh one-shot 29, the direct output of which is connected to the installation input of the second counter 25 and the clock input of the third counter 30, the high-order output which through the eighth single vibrator 31 is connected to the inverse input of the first single vibrator 18 and the recording input of the second register 16.

The accumulating adder 15 (see FIG. 3) includes an adder 32, the first input of which is connected to the information input of the accumulating adder 15, and the output is connected to the information input of the third register 33, the output of which is connected to the information input of the fourth register 34, and the recording input is connected to the accumulation synchronization input 15. connected to the inverse input of the tenth one-shot 35, the output of which is connected to the recording input of the fourth register 34, the zero input of which is connected to the installation input of the accumulator ayuschego adder 15, and an output connected to the second input of the adder 32 and the output of the accumulator 15.

Consider first the operation of the sensor DUM 1.

In the analyzer, as an IDTM sensor 12, an electric meter with a telemetric output (for example, of the type SAZU-I687, SR4U-I689 (6) and

other).

In DUM 1, the first PSU 14 is used with a capacity of K x M. where K 256 is the number of M-bit words that can be 5 words are placed in PSU 14.

Depending on the parameters of IDTM 12, the number M is selected equal to 4-8.

The input of the counter 13 from the output of the sensor

IDTM 12 receives pulses whose frequency is proportional to the current load power P (t) (see figure 2). By counting these pulses, counter 13 performs discrete integration of the load power. At the end of the intermediate averaging interval At, the contents of the counter 13 are recorded in the first PSU 14 at the address formed by the reverse counter 19.

Then the contents of the counter 13 are reset, after which a new intermediate averaging interval begins. At the end of this new cycle of the sensor 1, the contents of the counter 13 are recorded in the first

BP 14 at the address increased by one, etc. Thus, during the operation of the DUM 1 in the cell BP 14, multi-bit words are written in order, the values of which in each case are equal to the energy consumption for the intermediate averaging interval:

. -Wi- I P (t) dt. (1)

tj-ai

In parallel with this, at the time At, the following information processing algorithm is implemented.

At the end of the next intermediate interval of averaging, A t is negative

the front of the pulse from the output of the high-order bit of the counter 30 starts the one-shot 31, which, in turn, starts the one-shot 18 (at time t 0 in Fig. 4). The pulse from the direct output of the latter is reset to zero in the sum register 34, and the pulse from the inverse output of the one-shot 18 into the counter 19 from the register 23 is used to enter the address code of the cell PSU 14, which stores the value of the electric energy consumption for the previous intermediate interval At {see FIG. 5).

At time tt (Fig. 4), a one-shot 20 is started, which increases the contents of counter 19 by one.

At time t2 (figure 4), the pulse

from the inverse output of the one-shot 21 to the next cell of the first PSU 14 from the counter 13, the value of the electric energy consumption Wj for the last intermediate interval A t is written (see FIG. 5), and a pulse increased by one from the direct output of the one-shot 21 into the register 23 , the code. -.

3 moment of time t (Fig. 4) by a pulse from the output of a single-shot 22;

zeroed ets. After the end of the single-shot pulse 22, it again begins to accumulate for the next intermediate averaging interval At.

At time t4 (Fig. 4), a single-shot 26 is started by pulse 5 from the output of GUI 24, the output pulse of which writes the value Wt to register 33, since the inputs of adder 32 at this point in time are supplied with a zero value from the output pern-10 of page 34 and the value Wi from the output of the first PSU 14.

By the pulse from the output of one-shot 35 at the time ts (Fig. 4), the value Wi is copied from the intermediate register 15 to 33 to the register 34 of the sum.

At the same time, the pulse from the output of the single-oscillator 27 appearing at time ts (Fig. 4) and arriving at the regressive input of the reverse counter 20 ka 19, the content of the latter decreases by one - the output of the first PSU 14 is the value of the electric power consumption WM for the previous intermediate interval Дт (see Fig. 5). 25

 For the next 239 GPI clocks, the single-vibrator group 18, 20-22 is idle, and the single-vibrator circuit 26, 27, 35 starts, along the leading edge of the GPI pulses 24.

At the next start of the one-shots 30 26, 27, 35, a sum appears in the register 34 (see Fig. 5)

W2 W | + W | -1.

In the next step of GUI 24, the sum 35 appears in register 34

Ws Wi + Wi-t + Wi-2

etc. Thus, from the cells of the first PSU 14, the values of Wj (see Fig. 5) are added to the sample, which are added to the previous sum, after which the new value 40 of the sum is written to the register 34.

In the 240th clock cycle of the generator 24, a sum accumulates in the register 34, which is equal to the energy consumption for the interval of averaging the load power T 240 At: 45

239t |

W240 2 WH / P (t) dt. (2)

  0t | - T.

Taking into account that the averaging interval T remains constant, we can conclude QQ that the contents of the register 34 are proportionally averaged over the interval T of the load power:

 W-f (3) 55

(-T; e

After the end of the 240th cycle of the GUI 24, a single-shot 31 is started, which rewrites the contents of the register 34 to the register 16, and also starts the SDM circuit 1 on

the accumulation of the new amount in the register 34. In this case, in the register 16 there is a value proportional to the average load power Pyi (see Fig. 5). and at the output of the SUM 1 voltage appears Up proportional to this power. After passing the next intermediate interval of averaging At from the output of the SIL 1, a voltage proportional to the power appears

Ru (| +1) (see FIG. 5), etc.

Thus, there is a voltage at the output of the SUM sensor 1, which is proportional to the load power PT, averaged over the interval T, sliding with a step A t. For example, in one embodiment, the analyzer has the following parameters: generator frequency 24 f24 - 2400 Hz: intermediate interval At 0.1 s; averaging interval T 24 s. With these parameters, the output voltage of the power sensor DUM 1 changes almost continuously and quite smoothly.

Consider the operation of the analyzer (see figure 1).

Information processing is carried out by the analyzer as follows.

The voltage Ru (hereinafter the index indicates the voltages corresponding to the indicated values), determined by the sensor ДУМ 1, is squared, and then passed through the inertial links 3-4, with different time constants p. At the outputs of 3- 4, Psci voltages appear. which are proportional to the heating temperature of current-carrying elements of real electrical installations having constant heating fj. The voltages are alternately supplied through the device 6 for extracting the square root to the input of the ADC 7, at the output of which a binary code is generated proportional to the values of the effective smoothed load power Pec1. This code forms a group of bits of the first address input of the second PSU 8 and sets the bit number of one of the dimensions of the measured two-dimensional distribution. The output code of the counter 9 forms a group of bits of the second address input of the BP 8 and sets, accordingly, the number of the bit of the second dimension of the measured two-dimensional distribution.

The sampling of the values of P3ci is carried out by the crystal oscillator 11 as follows.

At a certain point in time, after triggering on the trailing edge of the pulse of the generator 11 of the counter 9, its content becomes equal to 0000. When

equivalent

Ras 1

Such a code at the control input of the switch 5 at its output shows the voltage applied to the first information input of the switch 5. A code of the value P3ci is applied to the second address input of the PSU 8, for example 0100. The full address code of the PSU 8 is 00000100.

A single vibrator 10 is launched on the leading edge of the output pulse of the GPI 11, the output pulse of which carries out the accumulation of information (increasing by one) in the BP 8 channel with the address 00000100.

The next time the quartz GPI11 is triggered, the code 0001 is applied to the control input of the switch 5 - in this case, a code (for example, 0011) is applied to the first address input of the PSU 8, proportional to the power of the Res. After that, when the single-shot 10 is triggered, the information stored in the BP channel 8 with the address 00010011, etc. increases by one.

After a sufficiently long accumulation of information on the contents of the BP 8 channels, a family of histograms of the effective load power P3ci smoothed out with different constants m is constructed.

The information obtained using the analyzer can be used to solve the following problems:

1) Determination of the design power of the heating conductor for electrical equipment in operation.

2) Determination of load factor

current installed electrical equipment.

3) Definition and refinement of the maximum coefficients (see (5)) of the installed electrical equipment.

4) Determination of the design power for heating the electrical equipment of the designed power supply systems. In this case, the described analyzer is connected to a device simulating the process of changing the load power through a voltage-frequency converter. It should be noted that this item can be executed accelerated with a time scale rru

 100-1000. which will allow you to get results quickly enough.

Consider a refined method for determining the design power (current) of a heating load (see Clause 1).

To implement the method, two analyzers are measured in parallel. In one analyzer, an active load power sensor is used as an IDTM sensor 12, and in another, a load reactive power sensor.

After that, the obtained histogram families of active and reactive effective smoothed load power are processed as follows. Each of the histograms is approximated by one of the known methods (see, e.g., (7)) by the closest theoretical distribution law. After that, the maximum values of the smoothed effective load power PM1 and QMi are determined (where i is 1-16 is the constant heating number g), which can be exceeded with a given permissible probability Rdop.

Then, the corresponding values of the total load power are determined by the known formula (5)

SMi V PM 2 + ohm, 2

(4)

By SMI points. Using the known approximation methods (8), the dependence SM (j) is constructed - see Fig. 8. From Fig. 8, according to the reference data (9), the dependence of the permissible power values Zdop of the selected equipment on constant heating is also constructed.

The value of the design power Sp is determined by the intersection of the curves SM (r) and

5dop (g).

The advantages of the proposed analyzer in comparison with the known ones are its wider functionality due to the expansion of the class of problems to be solved, namely, by obtaining a family of histograms of smoothed effective load power - a value that is proportional to the temperature of the heating conductor with a different cross section, as well as increased accuracy in the examination of electrical loads of industrial enterprises. The use of new information obtained by the analyzer makes it possible to more accurately determine the design power (current) from heating. As a result of this, the use of the analyzer makes it possible to obtain an economic effect in a medium-sized industrial enterprise of several tens of thousands of rubles due to a more rational choice of various current-carrying elements of the power supply system for heating, since existing methods make it possible to select the specified equipment with an unjustified margin. The analyzer is implemented on a microelectronic basis of domestic production. At present, a circuit diagram has been developed and a prototype analyzer is being manufactured. To bring the inventive invention into commercial use, 2 years are required.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A multidimensional statistical analyzer of smoothed effective load power, comprising a pulse sensor of the current load power, the input of which is the input of the analyzer, and the output is connected to the clock input of the first counter, the output of which is connected to the information input of the first memory block, the output of which is connected to the information the accumulating adder input, the first one-shot, the direct output of which is connected to the installation input of the accumulating adder, and the inverse one - with the recording input an external counter and the input of the second one-shot, the inverse output of which is connected to the summing input of the reversible counter and the input of the third one-shot, the inverse output of which is connected to the recording input of the first memory unit, and the direct one - with the inverse input of the fourth one-shot and the input of the first register record, the output of which connected to the information input of the reverse counter, the output of which is connected to the address input of the first memory block and the information input of the first register, the output of the fourth one-shot is connected with the installation input of the first counter, the first quartz rectangular pulse generator, the output of which is connected to the clock input of the second counter and the input of the fifth one-shot, the output of which is connected to the synchronization input of the accumulating adder and through the sixth one-shot with the subtracting input of the reversible counter, the output of the second counter connected to the input of the AND-NOT element, the output of which is connected to the inverse input of the seventh one-vibrator, the output of which is connected to the installation input of the second the counter and the clock input of the third counter, and the second memory unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of the analyzer, a second crystal oscillator is additionally introduced into it rectangular pulses, fourth counter, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analogue converters, quadrator and square root extractor, commutator, group of inertial links, second register, the eighth and ninth single-vibrator, and the output of the highest order of the third counter through the eighth single-vibrator is connected to the inverse input of the first single vibrator and the recording input of the second register, the information input of which is connected to the output of the accumulating adder, and the output is connected to the information input of the digital-to-analog converter, the output of which through a quadrator it is connected to the inputs of the ircier links of the group, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding information inputs of the switch, the output of which through the block is removed square root is connected to the information input an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the first address input of the second memory block, the recording input of which through the ninth single-vibrator is connected to the output of the second quartz square-wave generator connected to the clock input of the fourth counter, the output of which is connected to the control input of the switch and second address input of the second memory unit. No..% C1 FIG. g Figure 5