RU183033U1 - Hydraulic system of electro-hydraulic steering machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the hydraulic systems of marine electro-hydraulic steering machines. According to a utility model, the hydraulic system comprises a pumping station consisting of two pumping units, each of which contains a hydraulic tank, a variable displacement pump, a filter, a safety valve and a control valve mounted on a single frame. Pumping units are hydraulically connected via valve blocks to the power steering gear. The system is equipped with a manual pump station, consisting of two manual pumps, a safety valve, a manual distributor and shut-off valves, through which the manual pump station is hydraulically connected to the power drive. The system is also equipped with a filling unit containing a hydraulic tank, a hydraulic motor with an electric motor, a safety valve and shut-off valves through which the filling unit is hydraulically connected to the internal cavities of the power drive and the tanks of the pump units. The utility model allows to improve controllability and provide increased reliability of the steering machine. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the hydraulic systems of marine electro-hydraulic steering machines.

The hydraulic system of the rotary steering machine is known (19) CN 201179975Y (45) 2009.01.14 "Direct driving type helm gear", containing pumping units located on the power drive housing, through valve blocks hydraulically connected to the working cavities of the power drive. Moreover, the valve blocks contain filters, make-up valves, hydraulic locks and safety valves.

A disadvantage of the known system is that a steering machine with a known hydraulic system loses its function in the presence of external and internal hydraulic fluid leaks, as well as in the event of loss of electrical power.

Known steering machine with emergency steering device (19) 1184362117 (A), (45) 1982.12.07 "Marine steering gear with emergency steering means", implemented using a ship steering gear equipped with emergency steering means, which contains an emergency directional valve controls capable of replenishing hydraulic fluid or oil into a plurality of actuator pressure chambers through check valves and shutoff valves, as well as a safety valve designed to set the desired discharge pressure and placement in hydraulic lines for supplying a working fluid through a control valve, non-return valves and shut-off valves in order to forcefully reduce the air volume in the pressure chambers and, thereby, keep the rudder feather in a substantially hydraulic lock state.

A disadvantage of the known system is that in the case of the application of the known emergency control mechanism for the rotary steering machine, reliable fixation of the rudder feather is not provided in the presence of internal leaks in one of the power drive chambers, as well as in case of loss of electrical power.

The closest hydraulic system to the declared and adopted as a prototype is the hydraulic system of the electro-hydraulic steering machine (19) SU 284145 (A1), (45) 1999.07.27 "Electro-hydraulic steering machine", containing a power actuator with cross-mounted cylinder chambers, kinematically connected with the rudder balloon and hydraulically connected with two pump units, two additional tanks with a liquid level switch, two liquid reserve tanks and a filling system machine, and each pump unit includes a variable displacement pump, an auxiliary control and feed pump, an electric motor with control equipment, a temperature control relay and a working fluid cooler, while the working fluid coolers are in communication with an electric drive pump having a starting apparatus with a contactor, characterized the fact that in order to increase reliability and improve service conditions, it is equipped with two boxes of check-and-pass valves, each of which is mounted on hydraulic lines connecting the pump unit with the power actuator, and includes four main and three auxiliary shut-off valves with inputs and outputs, while the inputs of one pair of main shut-off valves are connected to the hydraulic lines of the pump unit, and the other pair with the inputs of the corresponding pair of main check-pass valves of the second valve box, the inputs of two auxiliary check-pass valves are connected to the filling-drainage system, and the input and output of one auxiliary th shut-off valve and the outputs of all other shut-off valves are connected to the cylinder chambers of the power actuator.

The disadvantages of the known hydraulic system are:

- the structural complexity of the box of check-through valves and its non-ergonomics due to the need to control fourteen manual valves to change operating modes;

- lack of components to protect the power drive from breaking the pipelines connecting the power drive to the pump units;

- lack of components providing emergency steering control in the absence of power supply;

- the necessary reaction rate of the system to the control signal is not provided due to the large inertia of the hydraulic system of changing the direction of rotation of the tiller of the actuator due to the shifting of the cradle of the adjustable hydraulic pump;

- the ability to use the hydraulic system only with the actuator of the plunger type.

The inventive utility model is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, namely the creation of a hydraulic system of a ship steering machine allowing to provide:

- reliable fixation of the rudder feather in a predetermined position when the hydraulic fluid supply is cut off, or when pipelines are broken;

- the possibility, in the absence of power supply, to carry out an emergency output of the rudder feather to the zero position, or to shift it to the required angle;

- shockless change in the direction of rotation of the steering wheel and a smooth increase in the speed of shifting;

- the possibility of using a hydraulic system with an actuator of the plunger type and rotor-blade type;

- the possibility of block installation on the vessel of the components of the hydraulic system with their subsequent connection by a hydraulic pipeline.

The technical result in the implementation of the utility model is to ensure the reliability, convenience and ease of operation of the hydraulic steering system of the ship steering machine both in normal operation and in emergency mode, including in the absence of power supply, while eliminating the need to equip ships with additional mechanisms for fixing the steering wheel feather . The convenience of mounting the steering gear on a ship is provided. Improved actuator controllability.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the utility model is achieved by the fact that the known system contains a power actuator kinematically connected to the steering wheel and hydraulically connected with two pumping units, two additional tanks with a liquid level switch, two liquid reserve tanks and a steering filling-drainage system cars. The system is equipped with new structural elements, their relative position and the relationships between them, namely: in each of the two pumping units, a control valve is hydraulically connected through a valve block containing a ring valve, a shut-off valve and brake valves connected to the actuator. Said valve blocks are mounted on the actuator housing, each of them being hydraulically connected to one pair of actuator cavities and to each other. The valve blocks are additionally equipped with hydraulic locks through which they are hydraulically connected to the emergency hand pump. Pumping units and additional tanks are mounted on a single frame and are hydraulically connected, the filling-drainage unit is mounted on the reserve tank and is also hydraulically connected to it.

The presence of brake valves in the valve blocks ensures equalization of the flow rate of the working fluid in the hydraulic drain channels from the working cavities of the actuator to the flow rate in the pressure lines, which, when the steering gear is operated from the extreme position of the rudder feather to zero, when there is a passing load on the feather, provides smooth and shock-free operation of the steering system hydraulic system.

When the supply of working fluid from the pumping units is interrupted, or when the hydraulic pipeline is cut off, the brake valves provide reliable automatic locking of the internal cavities of the actuator, preventing possible leakage of the working fluid, and fixing the steering wheel feather in the set position, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the steering machine.

The presence of hydraulic connections in the hydraulic units through the built-in shut-off valves allows the power drive to work in the following modes:

The first mode - one pump unit operates and through the hydraulic units delivers the working fluid to all pairs of cavities of the actuator.

The second mode - both pump units operate and together, each through its own valve body, supply the working fluid to all pairs of actuator cavities.

The third mode - one pump unit operates and delivers the working fluid through the valve body to half the pairs of actuator cavities, while the second valve body is hydraulically disconnected from the first valve body that is in operation with the pump unit and from the pairs of cavities to which the working fluid is supplied. At the same time, non-working cavities of the actuator through the ringing valve of the second valve body are hydraulically connected to each other, thereby not interfering with the operation of the actuator.

The hydraulic unit design allows the transition from the first to the second mode and back in automatic mode, and the transition from the first two modes to the third mode and vice versa by switching the positions of no more than three shut-off valves in the hydraulic units, which greatly simplifies the steering machine control process and increases its ergonomics .

The presence of an emergency manual pump in the hydraulic system, hydraulically connected to the actuator via hydraulic locks integrated in the valve blocks, allows the failure of the main pumping units, including due to a loss of power supply, to maintain steering control. In this case, when switching from work from the main pumping unit to working from a manual emergency pump due to the use of brake valves and hydraulic locks, the hydraulic connections of the actuator with the main pumping units are forcedly disconnected and the hydraulic hydraulic connection with the emergency hand pump is automatic. That is, it is not required from the maintenance personnel to carry out additional operations in emergency working conditions, which increases the safety and reliability of the steering system hydraulic system.

The installation of pumping units and additional tanks on a single frame, and the filling-drainage unit on the reserve tank greatly simplifies the process of mounting the steering machine on the ship and minimizes the number of hydraulic pipelines connecting the individual nodes and units of the hydraulic system of the steering machine.

Due to the fact that the response time of the spool valve is much shorter than the shift time of the cradle of the pump in the hydraulic system of the electro-hydraulic steering machine of the known prototype, the presence of valves in the composition of the pumping units on the hydraulic lines from the variable speed pump to the actuator allows increasing the speed of the hydraulic system, in particular, changing the direction of rotation of the steering cars and, as a result, improve the controllability of the vessel.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of an electro-hydraulic steering machine.

In an embodiment of the utility model, the hydraulic system is used in the ship’s electro-hydraulic rotary steering machine PPM 160, designed to be installed on ships with a nominal steering wheel torque of 160 kN⋅m.

The steering system hydraulic system consists of:

1 - actuator;

2 - filling-drainage unit;

3 - emergency manual pump;

4 - pump station.

The actuator 1 includes:

5 and 6 - valve blocks;

7 - rotary vane drive.

Rotary vane drive 7 includes:

8 - rotor;

9 - stator;

10 ÷ 13 - working cavity.

Valve blocks 5 and 6 include:

14 ÷ 17 - brake valves;

18 and 19 - blocks of safety valves;

20 ÷ 23 - shut-off valves;

24 and 25 - hydraulic locks.

Block fill-drain 2 includes:

26 - pump fill-drain;

27 - strainer;

28 - safety valve;

29 - block valves;

30 - reserve tank.

Emergency hand pump 3 includes:

31 - manual pump;

32 - safety valve;

33 - manual hydraulic distributor;

34 - tank.

Pump station 4 includes:

35 and 36 - distributors;

37 ÷ 40 - safety valves;

41 and 42 - charge pressure switch;

43 ÷ 46 - hydraulic filters;

47 and 48 - oil coolers;

49 and 50 - pumping units;

51 and 52 - make-up pumps;

53 and 54 - variable displacement pumps;

55 and 56 - level switch;

57 and 58 - thermometers;

59 and 60 - temperature switches;

61 - a two-section tank.

In the initial position, the signal on the valves 35 and 36 is absent. Pumps 53 and 54 are brought to zero flow. The pump station 4 is disconnected from the actuator 1. The cavities 10 ÷ 13 of the rotary vane drive 7 are locked with hydraulic locks of the brake valves 14 ÷ 17. The drive motors of the pump units 49 and 50 are turned off, there is no pressure in the control circuits.

The pump motor 26 is turned off, the valves of the block valve 29 are closed. The filling-drainage unit 2 is disconnected from the cavities 10 ÷ 13 of the rotor-blade drive 7 and the two-section tank 61.

The distributor 33 of the emergency manual pump 3 is in the neutral position, the hydraulic lock 25 of the valve block 6 is locked.

Hydraulic power to the actuator is provided from pumping units 49 and 50, consisting of an electric motor (not shown), and two pairs of pumps: 51, 52 constant-feed pumps, 53, 54 - variable-feed pumps.

The shut-off valves 20 and 23 are open, and the shut-off valves 21 and 22 are closed.

The hydraulic system operates in the following modes:

1 - One pump unit operates on all cavities of a rotary vane drive.

2 - Both pump units operate on all cavities of a rotary vane drive.

3 - One pump unit operates at half the working cavities of a rotary vane drive.

4 - A manual emergency pump operates at half the working cavities (pumping units are turned off).

5 - The filling-drainage unit is operating. The device operates as follows.

When working from one pumping unit 49 or 50 to all cavities 10 ÷ 13 of a rotary vane drive 7 (mode 1):

The pump 51 draws the working fluid from the two-section tank 61 and through the filter 43, the safety valve 39 and the oil cooler 47 directs it back to the two-section tank 61, while the safety valve 39 maintains a constant pressure in the control circuit of the distributor 35. The pressure switch 41 sends a signal to the system control about the presence or absence of pressure in the control circuit.

When applying power to the variable pump regulator 53, the pump draws the working fluid from the two-section tank 61 and through the filter 44 and distributor 35 directs it back to the tank.

When a control signal is applied to the distributor 35, the working fluid from the variable displacement pump 53 is redirected to the valve block 5 to the input of the brake valve 14 or 15, depending on which electromagnet of the distributor 35 is supplied with the control signal. In the case of applying a control signal to the electromagnet Y1 of the distributor 35, the working fluid from the variable pump 53 is fed to the input of the brake valve 15, through it into the working cavity 12 of the rotary vane actuator 7 and through the open shut-off valve 20 into the working cavity 11. At the beginning of the working fluid, the brake valve 15 provides a control hydraulic signal to the brake valve 14, as a result of which the latter opens, freely passing the working fluid from the cavities of the rotary vane actuator 10 and 13 through the distributor 35 in the ba two-piece 61. When this occurs the rotation of the rotor 8 of the rotary-vane actuator 7 anticlockwise. Accordingly, when a control signal is applied to the electromagnet Y2 of the distributor 35, the cavities 10 and 13 are connected with the pressure line of the pump 53, and the cavities 11 and 12 with the tank are two-section 61, and the rotor 8 is rotated clockwise. The rotor speed is adjusted depending on the pump flow 53.

When shock loads occur on the rudder feather, which is connected by means of a roller to the rotor 8 of the rotary vane drive 7, a pressure significantly higher than the nominal pressure of the pump 53 may arise in one of the pairs of cavities, in which case the working fluid from the pairs of cavities under the influence of overpressure , through the blocks of the safety valves 18 and 19, forcibly binds to the opposite pair of cavities that are not under pressure, due to which the excess pressure is vented.

In each independent half of the two-section tank 61, temperature switches 59 and 60 and level switches 55 and 56 are installed. When signals from the indicated relays occur in the control system that the maximum operating temperature is exceeded or the working fluid level is reduced to a minimum, the pump unit 49 or 50, associated with the tank section, in which the triggered relays are installed, is forcibly turned off and the second unit is automatically turned on.

The operation of the hydraulic system from the second pumping unit 50 or from two (mode 2) pumping units 49 and 50 simultaneously to all cavities of the rotor-blade drive 7 is similar to the above-described operation from one unit due to their complete identity.

The operation of the hydraulic system half of the rotary vane drive 7 (mode 3) is as follows:

When working from the pumping unit 49 with a variable pump 53, shut-off valves 20 and 23 are put into the “Closed” position, and the shut-off valve 22 is in the “Open” position. In this case, the cavities 10 and 12 of the rotor-vane drive 7 work, and the cavities 11 and 13 are inoperative and are connected to each other through the shut-off valve 22, while the working fluid flows freely from one cavity to another.

When working from a pumping unit 50 with a variable displacement pump 54, the shutoff valves 20 and 23 are put into the “Closed” position, and the shut-off valve 21 is in the “Open” position. In this case, the cavities 11 and 13 of the rotor-blade drive 7 work, and the cavities 10 and 12 are in an inactive position and are connected to each other through a shut-off valve 21.

Work from the emergency manual pump 3 (mode 4) is as follows.

Pump station 4 is in the initial off state. The shutoff valves 20 and 23 are closed and the shutoff valve 21 is open.

The handle of the manual distributor 33 is transferred to one of the extreme positions, then the handle of the manual pump 31 is operated, as a result of which the pump 31 draws the working fluid from the tank 34 and through the distributor 33 delivers it to the hydraulic lock 25, which freely passes the fluid to the pressure cavity 11 or 13 rotary vane drive 7, depending on the direction specified by the distributor 33. From the drain cavity, for example 13, through the hydraulic lock 25 and the distributor 33, the working fluid returns to the tank 34, while the rotor 8 rotates relative to the stator 9 of the rotor-blade drive 7 counterclockwise. If the pressure in the pressure line of the pump 31 exceeds the set value, the working fluid through the safety valve 32 is transferred back to the tank 34. When the manual emergency pump is connected instead of the hydraulic lock 25 to the lock 24, the opposite half of the rotary vane drive 7 is operated.

Mode 5 filling-draining is as follows.

In the initial position of the hydraulic system, by switching the corresponding shut-off valves of the block of shut-off valves 29, one of the following operating modes is selected:

- filling the tank 30 from the ship system;

- filling cavities 10 ÷ 13 of the rotor-blade drive 7 from the ship system;

- filling a two-section tank 61 from the ship system;

- filling cavities 10 ÷ 13 of the rotary vane drive 7 from the tank 30;

- filling the tank two-section 61 from the tank 30;

- drainage of the cavities 10 ÷ 13 rotor-blade drive 7 in the ship system;

- drainage of a two-section tank 61 into the ship system;

- drainage of the cavities 10 ÷ 13 of the rotary vane drive 7 into the tank 30;

- drainage of the tank two-section 61 into the tank 30;

- drainage of the tank 30 into the ship system.

After selecting the mode, the pump 26 is turned on, which through the filter 27 supplies the working fluid to the tank corresponding to the selected mode. If the pressure of the working fluid in the pressure line of the pump 26 is higher than the set value, the safety valve 28 opens, which relieves the excess pressure into the supply line of the pump 26.

Thus, based on the foregoing, the following conclusions can be drawn:

- the hydraulic system is intended for use in an electro-hydraulic rotary steering machine;

- for the claimed hydraulic system confirmed the possibility of its implementation using the above means.

The advantage of the technical solution outlined in the proposed utility model is that with its help it is possible to carry out:

- fixation of the rudder feather in a predetermined position when the supply of hydraulic fluid is stopped, or when pipelines are broken;

- emergency output of the steering wheel pen to the zero position, or its shift to the required angle in the absence of power supply;

- shockless change in the direction of rotation of the steering wheel and a smooth increase in the speed of shifting;

- the use of a hydraulic system with an actuator of the plunger and rotor-blade type.

- installation on the vessel of the components of the hydraulic system with pre-completed installation of hydraulic pipelines.

Claims (1)

The hydraulic system of the electro-hydraulic steering machine, comprising a power actuator kinematically connected to the steering wheel and hydraulically connected with two pumping units, two additional tanks, two tanks of the working fluid and the filling-draining system of the machine, all the connections are made hydraulically, characterized in that each of the two pump units with a variable displacement pump is connected to the valve through a valve block containing a ring valve, a shut-off valve n and brake valves associated with the actuator, while the valve blocks are mounted on the actuator housing, each of which is connected to one pair of actuator cavities and with each other, and are also equipped with hydraulic locks through which they are connected to the emergency manual the pump, while the pump units are connected to additional tanks and mounted on a single frame, and the filling-drainage unit is connected to the reserve tank and mounted on it.

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