RU1829064C - Aerial with electric scanning - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the millimeter wave antenna technique for creating flat scanning transceiver antennas with horizontal and vertical polarizations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the device comprises N ferrite elements, N first dielectric rods and control wires inside the ferrite elements, N-1 second dielectric rods, N-1 third dielectric rods. Vertical vibrators are located on the ferrite elements, and horizontal vibrators on the third dielectric rods x. 2 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The invention relates to antenna technology of millimeter waves and can be used to create flat scanning, transceiver antennas that allow simultaneous operation with horizontal and vertical polarizations of radiation.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the main of the above drawbacks, namely, the implementation of electrical scanning on the waves of two orthogonal polarizations without increasing the area of the antenna aperture, i.e. without doubling it.

This goal is achieved in that in an electric scanning antenna containing a toroidal ferrite element, on the outer surface of which along the longitudinal axis there are N rows of flat lattices of vertical electric vibrators, and in its inner region parallel to the entire axis are placed. control conductors and N dielectric rods of rectangular cross section. tightly adjoining wide faces to the inner surface of the toroidal element. The toroidal ferrite element is made in the form of N identical toroids. Inside each toroid placed

one of the N first dielectric rods and control conductors. The number of conductors inside all toroids is the same. Between the toroids, along their entire length along the longitudinal axis, N-1 second dielectric rods of rectangular cross section are placed. The wide lateral faces of these rods are perpendicular to the wide faces of the first dielectric rods and are closely adjacent to ferrite doroids. On the narrow upper faces of the second dielectric rods along the axis of the toroids N-1 of the third dielectric rods are installed. The ends of the second dielectric rods are provided with bevels coated with a metallization layer. On the upper faces of the third rods are N-1 rows of a flat lattice of horizontal electric vibrators. A third director vibrator parallel to it is placed above each vertical and horizontal vibrator. Ferrite toroids and holes in them can have a rectangular or U-shaped cross section. If the toroids and holes have a rectangular cross section, the first and second dielectric rods are identical, the height of the second rods is equal to the height of the toroids, and the third dielectric

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the rods are tightly adjacent to the upper wide walls of the toroids. If ferrite toroids and holes in them have a U-shaped cross section. The first dielectric rods are placed in the part of the holes, and the control conductors are placed. In parts of the cavities, the third dielectric rods are placed between the toroids.

The proposed technical solution has significant differences from those already known. In particular, the configuration of the ferrite-dielectric waveguide structure and the relative position of its elements are original. The orthogonality of the wide faces of alternating first and second dielectric rods closely adjacent to the inner and outer surfaces of ferrite toroids with a width of about A / U leads to new properties of a previously unknown multimode waveguide structure consisting of two nested one into another {there are also many - mode) structures containing flat lattices of the first and second dielectric rods equally periodic with a period of about II / 2. Due to the orthogonality of neighboring rods, the interaction of working modes of embedded open waveguiding structures is practically absent, which makes it possible to independently excite these structures. At the same time, ferrite toroids with control conductors are common to both structures, which makes the control of the phase constants of their working modes dependent. The combination of these new properties of the waveguide ferritodielectric structure contributes to the achievement of the object of the invention and determines the features of scanning the rays of an orthogonal polarized antenna. In addition, a previously unknown technical solution is the use of ferrite toroids with an A / 2 width of a U-shaped cross-section, with an original mutual arrangement, of dielectric rods and control conductors inside a U-shaped cavity, which allow independent influence on the phase constants of the working modes of both waveguide multimode structures and control limits. Also a new element of the technical solution is an emitter system containing orthogonal director pairs of electric vibrators. The combination of an active vibrator located on the surface of a ferrite toroid or dielectric rod in the field of the exciting working mode and a passive vibrator located at some distance from the surface of the waveguide structure, that is, located practically outside the exciting field, form a director radiating pair above

a ferrite-dielectric waveguide structure, which has a sufficiently directed radiation on one side of the structure, which makes it possible to abandon a metal screen serving for the same purpose. The orthogonality of neighboring active and passive pairs of electric vibrators virtually eliminates their interconnection through external space, which, combined with the lack of interconnection of working modes, allows us to solve a new technical problem — to provide independent radiation or reception of two orthogonal polarizations by one antenna on the same working frequency containing actually two different scanning antennas embedded in one another.

Figure 1 and 2 shows a General view of various embodiments of the proposed

antennas.

The antenna contains a toroidal ferrite element 1 in the form of N identical ferrite toroids. Inside the toroids are placed control conductors 2, consisting of two sections, and dielectric rods 3 of rectangular cross section. Between the toroids, second dielectric rods 4 are also arranged of rectangular cross section. Along the toroid axis to narrow faces

dielectric rods 4 are installed third dielectric rods 5. On the ferrite toroid 1 are placed transverse electric vibrators 6, and on the dielectric rod 5 - longitudinal vibrators

7, Director vibrators 10 are located above the vibrators 6 and 7. The ferrite toroid 1 can have either a rectangular (Fig. 1) or a U-shaped cross-section (Fig. 2). In the case of a U-shaped toroid, dielectric rods 3

located inside the toroid in the horizontal part of the hole, and the control wires 2 in the vertical parts of the hole. The dielectric rod 5 is thus located between adjacent toroids

1. additional exciting elements are connected to the edges of the antenna: dielectric rods 8 with a dielectric transformer 9 (Fig. 2) mounted on the lower narrow facet of the dielectric

rods 4, or only a dielectric transformer 9 installed in the same place. Elements 8 and 9 excite the sublattice of the longitudinal vibrators to excite the sublattice of the transverse vibrators

dielectric transformers 11 are used, mounted on the ends of the dielectric rods 3. Thus, the antenna has two independent orthogonal inputs corresponding to each sublattice.

We will consider the principle of operation of the antenna using the example of the device shown in FIG. 1. An exciting horn or a rectangular waveguide with taps (not shown) is connected to the inputs of the sublattices (elements 11, 9). The matching of the horn or waveguide is carried out using quarter-wave dielectric transformers 9 or 11. In a ferrite-dielectric structure formed by dielectric rods 3, 4. and adjacent portions of toroid 1, two weakly coupled electromagnetic waves are excited. Propagating along this structure in the longitudinal direction, one wave excites the vibrators 6, the other wave excites the vibrator 7, which emit (receive) the electromagnetic energy of two mutually orthogonal polarizations according to the law of the antenna pattern. The dielectric rods 5 are used to realize the desired coupling coefficient of the vibrators 7 with the ferrite-dielectric waveguide. Unidirectional radiation is provided by director vibrators 8. To prevent reflection of electromagnetic energy from the end of the antenna, an absorbing load (not shown) can be installed. The phase distribution and the position of the main beam in the longitudinal plane is established by changing the current in the control conductors 2, the sections of which are located inside the ferrite toroid -1, under the aperture with emitters 6 and 7. The phase distribution and the position of the beam in the transverse plane is established by changing the current in the section x control conductors 12 located on the extreme sections of the toroids, which serve as pathway vaso-rotators.

In the 8 mm wavelength range, a scanning sector of + 40 degrees can be realized in both planes, side lobe level of 20 dB, radiation pattern width of 1-2 degrees. The antenna has a small thickness and is barely protruding. The antenna can work with memory and high speed, as it is based on toroidal ferrite-dielectric structures.

Claims (3)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. An electric scan antenna containing a ferrite element on the outer flat surface of which is parallel to the longitudinal axis N rows of a flat lattice of vertical vibrators, under each row of which 5 of the inner region of the ferrite element, a hole is made parallel to the longitudinal axis along its entire length, in which the control conductors and the corresponding first dielectric 0 rod of rectangular cross section, tightly adjoining with wide faces to the surface of the ferrite element, characterized in that, for the purpose of independent scanning on the waves of two orthogonal polarizations while maintaining the antenna aperture area, the ferrite element is made in the form of N ferrite elements, the width of the outer the surface of each of which is chosen to be equal to A 12, with the z-th corresponding to the first dielectric element. It is spread out in the hole of the corresponding ferrite element, N-1 second dielectric their rods rectangular sectional shi5 rokie side faces which are perpendicular to the wide faces of m first dielectric rods disposed respectively between the adjacent ferrite Vym elements on their entire length, and tightly 0 adjoining them with their wide lateral faces, on the narrow upper faces of each of the IM-1 second dielectric rods are additionally introduced third dielectric rods, 5 on the upper faces of which are located up to. Completely entered rows of a flat lattice of horizontal vibrators, parallel to it is located above each vertical and horizontal vibrator 0 corresponding additional director vibrator, while at the ends of the second dielectric rods bevels are made that are metallized. 5 2. The antenna according to claim 1, in that the ferrite elements and the holes in them are made of rectangular cross-section, the first and second dielectric rods are identical, while the height of the second dielectric rods is chosen equal to the height of the side face ferrite element, the third dielectric rods are located on the upper wide faces of the ferrite elements without gaps. 5 3. The antenna according to claim 1, with the fact that the Feroite elements and the holes in them are made of a U-shaped cross-section, the first dielectric rods are located in the horizontal part of the hole, and the control conductors in the vertical parts located between the ferrite elements-holes, the third dielectric rods. P p w10  5 L W D J. 2 PP6 ..: .if. / FT cs p.   SG V csa gtgd s - g- g- 1, ; AND zv .; 3