RU1826076C - Device for determination of time position and duration of pulse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in television systems for determining the parameters of objects. SUBSTANCE: device contains a binary quantizer, three time discriminators, two control units, a pulse-width modulator, OR circuits, a differential amplifier, a block for generating strobe for measuring duration, a block for forming half-gates for measuring position, an amplifier with corresponding connections. 5 ill.

Description

The invention relates to pulsed technology and can be used in radio engineering devices for various purposes, including electrical measurement technology, in television systems for determining the parameters of objects and devices for detecting images.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the noise immunity of the position meter and the pulse duration.

In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a device for measuring the temporal position and duration of a pulse; in FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a half-gate block for measuring the position of a pulse; in FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a strobe forming unit for measuring duration; in FIG. 4-time diagrams explaining the operation of the device; in FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the device in the presence of a leading positional interference.

The device for measuring the temporal position and duration of the pulse contains a binary quantizer 1, the input of which is supplied with a measured pulse, and the output is connected to the first inputs of the first and third time discriminators 2 and 6, the output of the first temporary discriminator 2 is connected to the input of the first control unit 3, output which is connected to the second input of the pulse width modulator 4 and the first input of the pulse width measuring strobe block 10. The output of the pulse width modulator 4 is connected to the first input of the pulse position measuring half-sampling block 11, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the third and second inputs of the first temporary discriminator 2 and the second and first inputs of the OR circuit 7, respectively. The output of the OR circuit 7 is connected to the first input of the second temporary discriminator 5, high

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the course of which is connected to the first input of the differential amplifier 8; the second input of the differential amplifier 8 is connected to the output of the third temporary discriminator 6. The second and third input of the second and third temporary discriminators 5 and 6 receive signals from the first and second outputs of the strobe forming unit 10, respectively. The output of differential amplifier 8 is connected to the input of the second control unit 9, the output of which is connected to the input of amplifier 12, the output of which is connected to the second input of the half-gate forming unit 11 and the third input of the strobe forming unit 10. Clock pulses are supplied to the first input of the modulator 4 and the second input of the strobe forming unit 10.

The pulse position measuring half-sampling block 11 comprises pulse-width modulators 13 and 14, the second inputs of which are connected and are the second input of block 11, the first input of the pulse-width modulator 13 is the first input of block 11, the output of modulator 13 connected to the first input of the pulse width modulator 14 and is the first output of block 11, and the output of the modulator 14 is the second output of block 11.

The pulse width measuring strobe block 10 consists of adders 15 and 19, an amplifier 18 and four pulse-width modulators 16,17,20 and 21, the first inputs of adders 15 and 19 are connected and are the first input of block 10, the first inputs are pulse modulators 16 and 20 are connected and are the second input of block 10, the second inputs of adders 15 and 19 are connected to the second input of the pulse-width modulator 21 and the input of amplifier 18 and are the third input of block 10, the output of adder 15 is connected to the second input pulse width modulator 16 the output of which is connected to the first input of the pulse-width modulator 17, the output of which is the first output of block 10, the output of the adder 19 is connected to the second input of the pulse-width modulator 20, the output of which is connected to the first input of the pulse-width modulator 21, the output of which is the second output of block 10.

The device operates as follows.

The measured pulse (Fig. 4.6) from the output of the receiving unit, which is not shown in the figures, is fed to the input of the binary quantizer 1, the output of which is formed by a rectangular pulse with a duration equal to the duration of the measured pulse (Fig. 4, c) , which is fed to the first input of the first temporary discriminator 2. The second and third inputs of the first temporary discriminator 2 are provided with pulse width-adjustable half-strobe measurements. The first time discriminator 2 generates the voltage of the error signal

Ucoi, proportional to the temporal misalignment of the tracking gates in position with the signal of the tracked object (Fig. 4d), which is supplied to the first control unit 3. The output voltage of the first control unit is proportional to the measured pulse position. The pulse-width modulator 4 is triggered by a clock pulse (Fig. 4a) and generates a rectangular pulse (Fig.

0 4, d), the duration of which is proportional to the control voltage from the output of the first control unit 3.

The pulse from the output of modulator 4 is supplied to the first input of modulator 13 and its

5, in a recession, triggers the first length-adjustable half-gate of the position measurement (Fig. 4f). The decline of this half-gate, which is fed to the first input of the modulator 14, starts the second adjustable

0 the duration of the half-gate of the position measurement (Fig. 4g). Thus, in the presence of a temporary mismatch between the junction of the half-gates of the position tracking and the geometric center, a measured pulse 5 moves the half-gates along the time axis in the direction of decreasing this mismatch,

Durations of half-gates formed by pulse-width modulators. 13 (Fig. 4, e) and 14 (Fig. 4, g) are equal in duration. They are regulated by the voltage supplied to the second inputs of the modulators 13 and 14 from the second control unit 9 through

5 amplifier 12. This voltage is proportional to the difference between the durations of the measuring pulse received at the output of the OR 7 circuit (Fig. 4, h) and the measured pulse, i.e. in proportion to the error in measuring the pulse duration.

The voltage at the output of the second control unit 9 is generated as follows. From the output of the OR circuit 7, a measuring pulse is applied to the first input of the second

5 of the temporary discriminator 5. The measured pulse arrives at the first input of the third temporary discriminator 6. At the second inputs of discriminators 5 and 6, pulses with a duration equal to 3/2 of the measuring pulse duration are received from the output of modulator 17, and pulses with a duration equal to 1/2 of the measuring pulse duration are supplied to the third inputs from the output of modulator 21. The centers of these pulses are aligned with the junction of the half-gates of the position measurement. From the output of the third temporary discriminator 6, the voltage proportional to the difference between the areas obtained by multiplying the measured pulse with the pulses taken from the outputs of the pulse-width modulators 17 and 21 is fed to the first input of the differential amplifier 8. From the output of the second temporary discriminator 5, the voltage proportional to the difference of the areas obtained as a result of multiplying the measuring pulse with the pulses taken from the outputs of the modulators 17 and 21, is fed to the second input of the differential amplifier 8. From the output of amplifier 8, the voltage UCo2 (Fig. 4, i), proportional to the error in measuring the pulse duration, is supplied to the second control unit 9, which converts the error signal to the control voltage, which is supplied through amplifier 12 with a gain coefficient of Ku 0.5 for modulators 13 and 14, changing the duration of the half-sampling position by an amount proportional to the error in measuring the pulse duration, and to the second inputs of the adders 15 and 19.

At the first inputs of adders 15 and 19, voltage is supplied from the output of the first control unit 3. At the output of the adder

15 the voltage equal to the sum of the voltage from block 3 and amplifier 12, controls the pulse duration at the output of the modulator

16 (Fig. A, k), which is triggered by a clock. At the output of adder 19, a voltage equal to the voltage difference from block 3 and amplifier 12 controls the pulse width at the output of modulator 20 (Fig. 4, l), which is also triggered by a clock pulse. Thus, the pulse durations from the modulators 16 and 20 for the duration of the measuring pulse are longer and shorter, respectively, than the pulse duration at the output of the modulator 4. Modulators 17 and 21 are triggered by pulsed pulses from the outputs of the modulators 16 and 20. On them are formed pulses with a duration equal to 3/2 (Fig. 4, m) and 1/2 (Fig. 4, n) the duration of the measuring pulse, respectively. This is achieved by applying voltage to the second input of the modulator 21 from the amplifier 12, and to the second input of the voltage modulator 17 from the amplifier 12, which, in turn, passed through the amplifier 18 with a gain of Ku 3.

For the meter to work, it is necessary to preliminarily guide it by setting the initial conditions in the first and second control units 3 and 9, the output voltages of which carry information about the delay of the measured pulse and its duration.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the device in the presence of interference-guiding interference. As is known 4, the adversary seeks to choose the duration of the response impulse noise equal to the duration of the probe pulse. However, due to the length of the target, the reflected signal has a longer duration than the probing one, which means that the duration of the interference is less than the duration of the received useful signal. The operation of the device in the case where the useful signal and interference are not resolved by the position described above. When the interference and the useful signal are resolved in position (Fig. 5a), the device operates as follows. At the output of the binary quantizer, the signal and noise have the same level (Fig. 5,6). In this case, the measuring pulse (Fig. 5 c) continues to monitor the geometric center of the mixture of the useful signal and interference. In this case, the overlap areas of the first (Fig. 5d) and second (Fig. 5d) half-gates of the position measurement halfway with a mixture of signal and interference are not equal. At the output of the first temporary discriminator 2, the voltage (Fig. 5f) is proportional to the position measurement error. The device, fulfilling the error, will shift the measuring pulse towards the useful signal (Fig. 5, g). This will lead to the fact that at the outputs of the second and third discriminators 5 and 6, the voltages are not equal in absolute values (Fig. 5, m) and (Fig. 5, p), and the output of the differential amplifier 8 is a signal measurement errors of the pulse duration, proportional to their difference. The second discriminator 5 receives the gates from the outputs of the strobe shaping unit for measuring the duration of the pulses, the durations of which are equal to 3/2 (Fig. 5, h) and 1/2 (Fig. 5, i) of the measuring pulse duration. In the second discriminator 5, these gates are multiplied with a mixture of the useful signal and interference (Fig. 5, k) and (Fig. 5, l) and the results of the multiplication are subtracted (Fig. 5, m). The third discriminator 6 performs similar operations (Fig. 5, n, Fig. 5, o and Fig. 5, p), with the only difference being that instead of a mixture of signal and noise, a measuring pulse is applied to its first input (Fig. 5, at). By fulfilling the error of measuring the pulse duration, the device will reduce the lengths of half-gates of the position measurement, which will lead to the appearance of a new error in measuring the position of the pulse. By shifting the measuring pulse towards the useful signal and changing its duration, the device will ensure that ultimately the errors in measuring the position and duration of the pulse are reduced to zero.

Formulas for acquiring A device for determining the temporal position and duration of a pulse, comprising two time discriminators, two control units, a block for generating gates for measuring duration and series-connected pulse-width modulator and a block for forming half-gates for measuring position, the output of the first control unit being connected with a second input of a pulse-width modulator, to the first input of which a clock bus is connected, the outputs of the first and second control units are connected to the corresponding outputs of the device, characterized in that, in order to increase the noise immunity, a binary quantizer, an OR circuit, a time discriminator, a differential amplifier and an amplifier are introduced into it, the output of the binary quantizer being connected to the first inputs of the first and third time discriminators, the outputs of which are connected respectively, with the input of the first control unit and the second input of the differential amplifier, the output of which through the second control unit and the amplifier is connected in series connected to the third input of the duration gates forming unit and the second input of the position measuring half gates unit, the output of the first control unit is connected to the first input of the duration gates forming unit, the second input of which is connected to the clock bus, the first output is connected to the second inputs of the second and the third temporary discriminators, and the second output with the third inputs of the second and third temporary discriminators, the first output of the block forming the half-gates position measurement connected to the third input of the first temporary discriminator and the second input of the OR circuit, the second output of the half-sampling unit for position measurement is connected to the second input of the first temporary discriminator and the first input of the OR circuit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second temporary discriminator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the differential an amplifier, while the block for forming the strobe for measuring duration contains two adders, an amplifier and four pulse-width modulators, the first inputs of the first and the second adders are combined and connected to the first input of the forming unit, the second input of which is connected to the first inputs of the first and third pulse-width modulators, and the third input is connected to the second inputs of the first and second adders, the amplifier input and the second input of the fourth pulse-width module a torus whose output is connected to the second output of the forming unit, the first output of which is connected to the output of the second pulse-width modulator, the outputs of the first and second adders are connected respectively to the second With the first inputs of the first and third pulse width modulators, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the second and fourth pulse width modulators, the amplifier output is connected to the second input of the second pulse width modulator. 2. The device pop. 1, characterized in that the half-gate forming unit for position measurement comprises two pulse-width modulators, second inputs. Which are combined and connected to the second input of the forming unit, the first input of which is connected to the first input of the first pulse-width modulator, the output of which connected to the first output of the forming unit and the first input of the second pulse-width modulator, the output of which is connected to the second output of the forming unit.

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