RU1819475C - Segment of blanket of thermonuclear reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of thermonuclear reactor. SUBSTANCE: collecting-distributing collectors of segment of blanket are manufactured in the form of two chambers (collecting and distributing) installed in opposite side walls. Given design makes it possible to integrate two cooling systems of first and side walls into one cooling system and to simplify it as far as possible, to give opportunity to free breeding zone from collecting-distributing collector and great number of welds pf pipes of heat transfer agent. EFFECT: simplified design. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for controlled thermonuclear fusion, and more particularly to the design of a segment of a blanket of a thermonuclear reactor (TNR).

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the blanket segment by eliminating the placement of welded joints of pipes with a collector in the bridging zone and assigning a power weld to fasten the first wall from the zone of maximum neutron fluxes, as well as simplifying the design of the segment and reducing its overall dimensions.

 Figure 1 shows a cross section of a blanket segment; figure 2 is a cross-section of the first wall and collecting distributor; figure 3 is a cross-section of a collection-distributing collector and a power weld seam fastening the first wall; figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a collecting and distributing collector.

 The blanket segment includes a first wall 1, side walls 2 and 3, a breeding zone 4, an iron-water protection unit 5, collectors of the first wall integrated in the side walls of the segment and including supply pipelines 6 and 7, distributing chambers 8 and 9, pipes 10 and 11 of the first wall, a power weld 12 of the fastening of the first wall, prefabricated chambers 13 and 14, outlet pipes 15 and 16.

 The blanket segment works as follows.

 Plasma radiation generated in the TNR chamber affects the entire segment. In this case, the first wall 1 perceives the neutron flux and, partially absorbing it, heats up. The plasma neutron stream, penetrating through the first wall 1, enters the bridging material and is absorbed, causing nuclear reactions of tritium formation.

 To ensure the operability of the blanket segment, its first wall 1 and side walls 2 and 3 are cooled with a coolant, which comes from an external cooling system through an inlet pipe 6 to a distribution chamber 8, which is also a cooling path of the side wall 3. From the distribution chamber 8, cooling the side wall 3 , the coolant enters the tubes 11 and cools the first wall 1. From the tubes 11, the coolant enters the collection chamber 13, which is also the cooling path of the side wall 2, and through the outlet pipe 15 enters the external Yu cooling system segment.

 In parallel with the first cooling path, a second cooling path of the first wall and side walls 2 and 3 can act, in which the coolant, coming from the external cooling system through the supply pipe 7, enters the distribution chamber 9, similar to the distribution chamber 8, and cools the side wall 2. From the distribution chamber 9 through the tubes 10, cooling the first wall 1, the coolant enters the collection chamber 14, similar to the collection chamber 13, and cools the side wall 13. From the collection chamber 14 through the discharge pipe 16 the coolant enters external segment cooling system.

 With the parallel operation of the cooling paths, they create a counterflow of the coolant and thereby contribute to the alignment of the temperature fields of the first wall. In the event of an accident in one of the cooling paths, it is possible to dampen the first wall using another cooling path.

 This design of cooling systems for the first wall and side walls of the TNR blanket segment, due to its simplicity, the ability to reserve, equalize temperature fields during counterflow of coolants in the first and second cooling paths, the absence of collectors in the bridging zone, and the elimination of many welded joints of collectors with pipes of cooling systems in the bridging the zone and the connection of the first wall with a power weld not with the side walls, i.e. in the region where the neutron flux reaches its maximum values, and with iron-water protection, i.e. in the zone in which the neutron fluxes are not so large, provides an increase in the reliability and productivity of TNR, leads to a decrease in the number of welds to be controlled. In addition, the design of the segment itself is simplified due to the reduction in the number of assembly units and assembly operations and the mass of the segment is reduced, since the construction of the segment now lacks bulky manifolds and the side walls are hollow.

Claims (2)

 1. SEGMENT OF THE THERMONUCLEAR REACTOR BLANKET, containing the first wall, in which a series of pipes for the passage of the cooling medium are located, united outside the wall by a collecting-distributing collector, cooled side walls and a protection plate surrounding the breeding zone, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of the segment blanket by eliminating the placement of pipes with a collector and their welded joints in the bridging zone and removing the power weld of the first wall from the zone of maximum neutron fluxes, as well as simplifying the design ktsii segment prefabricated distributing manifold is divided into handing out and a collecting chamber arranged in the side walls and connected respectively to the coolant supplying and discharging means.  2. The segment according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the mass-dimensional characteristics of the segment, the side walls are made hollow.