RU181868U1 - Voltage limiter with the ability to change operating mode settings - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model (PM) relates to the field of electronics and is intended to protect electronic units from high voltage, as well as to protect the on-board network from short circuit currents, including vehicles, with the possibility of programming thresholds for limiting current and voltage and time intervals of pulses, with protection key from overheating and an indication of the operating modes of the device. The voltage limiter (OH) is designed to work in networks with a nominal voltage of 12V and 24V and serves to protect electronic devices from impulses Soviet high-voltage network and protect against overcurrent. To protect against high voltage pulses, three protection thresholds are provided, which can be changed programmatically. For the first and second threshold, the pulse duration is set, when exceeded, the protection will work, so the user can programmatically set the type of pulses that the voltage limiter will cut off. For the third threshold, the pulse duration is not set, when this threshold is exceeded, high-speed hardware protection is triggered. To protect the network from current overloads, OH allows you to set two current protection thresholds. For the first threshold, an overload duration is set. Thus, it is possible to ensure the tolerance of short-term (given duration) current overloads necessary to supply voltage to loads with a variable resistance, for example, for incandescent lamps. The second current protection threshold is designed to cut short-circuit currents. You cannot set a time for this threshold; when this threshold is exceeded, high-speed hardware protection is activated, thereby protecting the electronic key and network from damage. The voltage limiter has a CAN interface with which you can connect to the device and change the protection thresholds and pulse durations.

Description

The utility model (PM) relates to the field of electronics and is intended to protect electronic units from high voltage, as well as to protect the on-board network from short circuit currents, including vehicles, with the possibility of programming thresholds for limiting current and voltage and time intervals of pulses, with protection key from overheating and indication of the operating modes of the device.

A device is known “Device for protecting electronic devices from high peak voltages in the vehicle’s on-board network” [Russian Federation Patent No. 2502169, Н02Н 9/04 (2006.01), 2012] comprising a rectifier, a capacitor C1, a divider R1, R2 connected in parallel with a power source, an electronic key unit with an electronic key control unit, capacitance C2, wherein the electronic key unit is connected in series with the current source and capacitance C2 so that when the input voltage is lower than the cut-off voltage, the electronic key is in melting is “closed”, when the input voltage reaches a value higher than the cut-off voltage, the key switches to the “open” state, and the electronic device starts to be powered from the capacitance C2, while the input voltage reaches the cut-off voltage again puts the electronic switch into the “closed” state, providing a working voltage for electronic device.

Signs of the prototype, which coincide with the essential features of the PM, are: voltage measuring unit (divider R1, R2 for the analogue), electronic key blocks, key control unit (electronic key control unit for the analogue), supply voltage filter block (capacity C1 for the analogue).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result are the lack of a current measurement unit and an overcurrent protection unit, which does not allow protection against current overloads, the absence of a microcontroller unit does not allow programming the operating thresholds for current and voltage, as well as the absence of an interface unit for communication with a device for adjusting operating parameters and the absence of an indication unit.

A device "Voltage limiter" [Russian Federation Patent No. 80 035, G05F 1/56 (2006.01), 2009] comprising a resistor current sensor 1, first 2 and second 3 sources of disputed voltage, the first 4 and second 5 amplifiers, resistor voltage divider 6 , OR gate 7, key 8, second diode 9, first diode 10, inductor 11 and capacitor 12; in the voltage limiter, the first power electrode of key 8 is connected through a resistor current sensor 1 to the input voltage output, and the second power electrode through the inductor 11 to the output voltage output; one input of the amplifier 4 is connected to the first power electrode of the regulatory element, and the other input through the first source of the reference voltage 2 to the output voltage input; a capacitor 12 and the extreme terminals of the resistor voltage divider 6 are connected between the output voltage terminal and the common wire; the middle terminal of the resistor voltage divider 6 is connected to one of the inputs of the second amplifier 5, the second input of which is connected to a common wire through a second voltage reference source 3; the outputs of the first 4 and second 5 amplifiers are connected to the inputs of the OR gate 7, the output of which is connected to the control electrode of the key 8, the second power electrode of which is connected to the common wire through the first diode 10, and to the output of the OR gate 7 through the second diode 9.

Signs of the prototype, which coincide with the essential features of the PM, are a current measurement unit (resistor current sensor at the analogue), voltage measurement unit (resistive voltage divider at the analogue), electronic key block (key at the analogue), key control unit (OR logic element at the analogue ), a block of high-speed current protection (the first amplifier and a reference voltage source for an analog), a block of high-speed voltage protection (a second amplifier and a reference voltage source for an analog).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result are the lack of a microcontroller unit and an interface unit, which does not allow programming the settings of the protection thresholds and time intervals, the presence of fixed voltage reference sources setting a fixed threshold for the protection of current and voltage, which do not allow them to change during operation, lack of an indication unit and an overheat protection unit.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is "Surge Protector" [Russian Federation Patent No. 109 882, G05F 1/00 (2006.01), 2011], comprising a voltage divider 1 connected between the input of the device and the ground, and the output of the divider is connected to the input setting the threshold of the controller of the overvoltage protection key 2, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the gate and source of the CMOS transistor 3, respectively, and the third output is connected to ground, the drain of the CMOS transistor 3 is connected to the input of the device and through the resistor 4 to to the Zener diode 5 and to the input of the controller of the overvoltage protection key 2, the anode of the Zener diode 5 is connected to ground, the source of the CMOS transistor 3 is connected to the supply and control inputs of the smart key 6, the switched output of which is the output of the device and connected to the first indicator 7, and the diagnostic output is connected to the second indicator 8, the power input of which is connected to the source of the CMOS transistor 3.

Signs of the prototype, which coincide with the essential features of the PM, are: a current measurement unit and a high-speed current protection unit (an analog key is on the analogue), a voltage measurement unit (an analog voltage divider), a key control unit and a high-speed voltage protection unit (a protection key controller overvoltage at the analog), display unit (first and second indicator at the analog), electronic key block (CMOS transistor at the analog).

Reasons that hinder the achievement of the technical result are: the lack of a microcontroller unit and an interface unit, which does not allow programming the settings of protection thresholds and time intervals; only the smart key has protection against overheating, while the voltage is supplied to the load not only through the smart key, but also through the CMOS transistor, which works without overheating protection.

The task to which the PM is aimed was to create a device for protecting electronic components from high voltage, as well as protecting the on-board network from short circuit currents, including motor vehicles, with the possibility of programming thresholds for limiting current, voltage and pulse time intervals, s protection of the key from overheating and indication of the operating modes of the device.

The technical result is to protect electronic components from high voltage, as well as protect the botnet from short circuit currents, with protection of the key from overheating and an indication of operating modes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the voltage limiter comprises a supply voltage filter, a power supply unit, a microcontroller unit, a key control unit, an overheat protection unit, a high-speed current protection unit, a high-speed voltage protection unit, a voltage measurement unit, an interface unit, an indication unit, electronic key, current measurement unit.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by a drawing (Fig.), Where:

1) supply voltage filter;

2) power supply;

3) microcontroller unit;

4) key control unit;

5) overheat protection unit;

6) block of high-speed current protection;

7) high-speed voltage protection unit;

8) voltage measurement unit;

9) interface unit;

10) display unit;

11) electronic key;

12) current measurement unit.

The operation of the device begins with the supply of the supply voltage through the filter of the supply voltage 1) to the power supply 2), the electronic switch unit 11) and the voltage change unit 8). After that, the power supply 2) generates a supply voltage for all units. When power appears, the microcontroller unit 3) reads from the built-in non-volatile memory the values of three protective voltages (hereinafter referred to as U1, U2 and U3), two protective currents (hereinafter referred to as I1 and I2), the response time for excess voltage above the threshold TU1 and TU2 and the time the current exceeds the threshold TI1, then reads the voltage data from the voltage measuring unit 8). If the voltage is below the protective threshold U1, threshold U2 and threshold U3, the microcontroller unit 3) sets the voltage reference to the high-speed current protection unit 6) using pulse-width modulation 6) so that it matches the value of the current protection threshold I2. Then, the microcontroller unit 3), using pulse width modulation, sets the voltage reference to the high-speed voltage protection unit 7) so that it matches the value of the voltage protection threshold U3. After setting the reference voltages, the microcontroller unit 3) checks that the high-speed protection units 6) and 7) have switched from protection mode to normal mode and removed the blocking signals from the key control unit 4). Then the microcontroller unit 3) through the key control unit 4) closes the electronic key 11). Then the power through the current measuring unit 12) begins to be supplied to consumers. During operation, the microcontroller unit 3) constantly digitizes the current coming from the current measuring unit 12) and the voltage value from the voltage measuring unit 8) with the first voltage threshold U1 and second U2 and the first current threshold I1. If the voltage exceeds the threshold U1, then the counter is turned on, which measures the time interval TU1, during which the voltage exceeds the threshold U1. Similarly, for the threshold U2, if the voltage exceeds this threshold, a second counter is started, which measures the duration of the pulse exceeding the voltage of the threshold U2. If the measured time for exceeding the threshold U1 or the measured time for exceeding the threshold U2 exceeds the time intervals TU1 and TU2 read out from the non-volatile memory for the threshold U1 and U2, respectively, then the switch signal is removed from the key control unit 4) and the electronic key control unit closes the electronic key 11). After that, the microcontroller unit 3) through the display unit 10) displays information about the triggered protection. Blocks of high-speed protection 6) and 7) are designed for the fastest response to exceeding the threshold U3 for voltage and threshold I2 for current. The high-speed protection blocks for current 6) and voltage 7) are comparators that compare the reference voltage set by the microcontroller with the current values received from the current measuring unit 12) and the voltage measuring unit 8), respectively. As soon as the voltage or current data exceeds the threshold set by the microcontroller unit 3), the key for the operation enable signal is removed from the key control unit 4), which closes the electronic key 11). The data on the operation of the high-speed protections 6) and 7) also enter the microcontroller, so the microcontroller unit determines that the protection has tripped and displays this information on the display unit 10). The overheat protection unit 5) is used to control the temperature of the electronic key 11), if the temperature of the electronic key 11) exceeds the permissible operating temperature, information about the overheating is sent to the microcontroller unit 3), which closes the electronic key 11 through the key control unit 4) 11) and using the display unit 10) displays information about overheating.

All data on current and voltage thresholds, as well as time intervals, are stored in rewritable non-volatile memory of the microcontroller unit 3). Access to this data can be obtained by any remote device with a CAN interface, for example, a personal computer with a USB-CAN adapter or a programmable logic controller with a CAN bus. The remote device requests the current settings of the voltage limiter, after which the request through the interface unit 9) is sent to the microcontroller 3), which in turn generates a response and sends it back through the interface unit 9) to the remote device. If you need to change a parameter, it is changed on the remote device and sent through the interface unit 9) to the microcontroller unit 3), which processes the received data, checks its correctness and stores it in the internal non-volatile memory, then sends a confirmation of the change of settings to the remote device via the interface unit 9).

Currently, the company LLC "NIKTES" made samples of the proposed device. Tests have confirmed their performance and compliance with all declared characteristics.

Claims (1)

A voltage limiter with the ability to change operating mode settings, comprising a supply voltage filter connected to a power supply unit, a voltage measurement unit, and an electronic switch connected to an overheat protection unit and an electronic switch control unit connected to a high-speed current protection unit and a high-speed protection unit according to voltage, which are connected to the current measuring unit and the voltage measuring unit, comprising an indication unit, characterized in that it contains a microcontroller unit, is connected a first display unit, power supply unit, the key management unit, a protection against overheating, a current measurement unit, a high-current protection, the protection unit high voltage, the voltage measurement unit, interface unit with CAN line.

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