RU1816202C - Intraocular pressure indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

Provision: the invention improves the accuracy and reliability of measuring the level of intraocular pressure through the eyelid with the possibility of using the indicator both for mass examinations of the population and for the independent use of the indicator by the patient. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: an intraocular pressure indicator comprises an eye load generating unit, a plunger force generating unit, an eye reaction force sensor, a load sensor forming a structurally unified eye contact mechanism, as well as a decryption unit, an accumulation and analysis unit, an indication and signaling unit. 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment, in particular to equipment used in ophthalmology, and can be used to determine the level of intraocular pressure (IOP).

The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy and reliability of measuring the level of intraocular pressure.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural block diagram of a device; in FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the device and a structural diagram of the mechanism of action on the eye; in FIG. 3 is a flowchart of adjusting the indicator.

According to the proposal, the device comprises (Fig. 1) an eye contact mechanism 1, an eye load generating unit 2, a plunger force generating unit 3, a load sensor 4, an eye reaction force sensor 5, the blocks 2, 3 and the sensors 4 and 5 being mechanically connected with an eye contact mechanism 1 (dashed line in FIG. 1), as well as decryption unit 6, accumulation and analysis unit 7 connected in series, and

(for the second group of inputs) an indication and alarm unit 8, the two inputs of the decryption unit 6 being connected to two outputs of the sensor 5, and the third to the output of the sensor 4, also connected to the third input of the indication unit 8, the first group of inputs of which is connected to the group of outputs decryption unit 6, and the fourth input to the second output of the accumulation and analysis unit 7.

Decryption units 6, accumulation and analysis 7, and 8 indication and signaling units are structurally combined in a single unit and are designed as an indicator board (not shown in the drawings) mounted on the body of the eye contact mechanism 1 so that it forms a L-shaped structure with the latter. Moreover, the I location on the scoreboard of the LEDs included in the display unit 8, and their distance from the body of the eye contact mechanism 1, are selected taking into account average anthropometric data such that when the latter acts on one patient’s eye, one of the LEDs (for example, yellow) could serve as a test object for fixing the view of the second eye of the patient.

The eye contact mechanism 1 is intended for direct exposure to the patient’s eye using the known impression technique for performing tonometry of the eye, based on determining the reaction of the eye to the mechanical system of the plunger-body with preset efforts to affect the eye of both the plunger and the indicator body, with the possibility changing said efforts and adjusting the indicator to the characteristics of a particular eye.

The mechanism 1 of the action on the eye (Fig. 2) consists of two concentric glasses: the main 9 - external, forming the body of the mechanism 1 of the action on the eye, and an additional 10 - internal, plunger 11, contact stops 12. 13, mounted between the walls of the glasses 9 and 10 (in this example, the working end of the glass 10), and contact stops 14-16.

The contact stops 12, 13 ensure that the inner cup 10 is fixed in the outer 9 when the specified eye load is reached during operation of the device, preventing further mutual movement of the cups 9 and 10. The contact stops 14-16 limit the range of movement of the plunger 11, the contact stop 15 is rigidly fixed to the plunger 11, and the contact stops 14 and 16 are rigidly connected to the ends of the third and fourth levers 17 and 18, respectively, the second ends of which by means of the third and fourth stops 19 and 20, respectively, made, for example, in the form of worms h th transmission mounted in the wall of glass 10. Moving the levers 14,16 in the stoppers 19, 20 relative to the nozzle 10 can be controlled by the scales disposed in the wall of cup 10.

The working end face of the inner cup 10 has a smooth concave shape, the radius of curvature of which is selected taking into account the average anthropometric data (size of the ocular block, radius of curvature of the cornea of the eye). A hole is made in the center of the working end of the glass 10 through which the working end of the plunger 11 is freely passed in contact with the eye. Between the walls of the cups 9 and 10 there are rails 21 designed to eliminate the skewness of the inner and outer cups 10 and 9 when moving one relative to the other, which can be a ring or cylinder rigidly surrounding the inner cup 10 and easily moving along the inner walls of the outer glass 9.

The load shaping unit 2 is designed to provide a given eyelid compression force with the possibility of its variation in the range from 5 to 25 g (fixed for each series of measurements, due to which standardization of the IOP measurements is ensured), upon reaching which an electrical signal is formed allowing measurements . Using this unit, a certain force is provided to the eye block, which, after adjusting unit 2, remains unchanged (fixed) at the time of measurement, because

5, a resolution signal for reading the measurement result is generated only when the set eye force is reached. Thanks to this unit, the conditions for the action of the plunger 11 on the anterior chamber of the eye, in which pressure is measured, are standardized, in addition, the elastic-viscous characteristics of the eyelid are taken into account, for example, for a thicker or hard eyelid, a greater compression force is required, for less thick - less (the compression force of the eyelids by block 2 is set when the indicator is adjusted to a specific eye).

Block 2 forming the load (Fig. 2) consists of a spring 22, placed along

0 the common axis of the glasses 9 and 10 between their plates and one end rigidly fixed at the center of the bottom of the outer glass 9, the other - to the end of the first passed through the hole in the center of the bottom of the inner glass 10

5 of the lever 23, fixed by the second end rigidly in the side wall of the inner cup 10 by the first stop 24. In this case, the spring 22 is in a preloaded state. The position of the lever 23 with respect to the housing of the inner cup 10 can be changed due to the implementation of the stopper 24, for example, in the form of a worm gear. The movement of the lever 23 relative to the cup 10, which provides for the adjustment of the compressive force of the spring 22 and, thereby, sets the range of eye load, can be determined by a graduated scale (either in grams or in relative dimensionless units), which

0 may be located, for example, on the outer surface of the wall of the beaker 10, which is clearly visible by the doctor or patient.

The plunger force generating unit 3 is designed to provide a predetermined

5 the force of the plunger 11 on the eye with the possibility of changing it in the range from 2 to 20 g and serving to stimulate the reaction force. eye, depending on its condition (intraocular pressure), the value of which determines the position of the plunger 11 in a given

range characterizes IOP and is a diagnostic parameter. The plunger force generating unit 3 can be made, for example, in the form of a second spring 25, one end of which is fixed to the second lever 26 fixed on the side wall of the inner cup 10 with the second stopper 27, the other is fixed to the end of the plunger 11. The position of the lever 26, and, accordingly, the compression force of the spring 25, the height of the inner cup 10 can be changed due to the implementation of the stopper 27, for example in the form of a worm gear. Adjustment of the force of actions by the plunger 11 on the eye is provided by the movement of the lever 26 relative to the glass 10 in the stopper 27, and the range of its change depends on the range of movement of the plunger 11. The movement of the lever 26 can be controlled on a scale on the wall of the glass 10 similar to the mentioned is higher than the setting of the device for the characteristics of a particular eye is ensured.

The load sensor 4 is designed to generate an electric signal when a certain force is reached, set using the eye load generating unit 2 and is formed by contact contacts 12, 13, one of which is constantly under the potential of a high voltage level, and the second forms the output of the sensor 4 closed in the normal state and opened when the set value of the force of action on the eye is reached. The contacts in this case can be any conductive (e.g. metal) structural elements.

The sensor 5 of the reaction force of the eye is designed to determine the position of the plunger 11 when it is exposed to the eye and allows you to determine the degree of penetration into the eye of the plunger 11, the value of which depends on the value of intraocular pressure. The sensor 5 is formed by contact contacts 14,16, as well as contact 15, structurally located between the contact contacts 14, 16 and having a constant high level of voltage during operation. Contacts can be any conductive (e.g. metal) structural elements.

The decryption unit 6 is designed to receive electrical signals from sensors 4 and 5 and convert the electrical signals coming from the eye reaction force sensor 5 into a combination of electrical signals, one of three and consists of a fixation and anti-bounce assembly 28 connected in series and a conversion assembly 29. and

also a timer 30, the two inputs of node 28 being the first and second inputs of decryption unit 6, the input of timer 30 being its third input, the output of timer 30 connected to the third and fifth ones controlling the input of node 28, and the group of outputs of node 29 of conversion is provided by the output of decryption unit 6.

The fixation and anti-bounce assembly 28 serves to set the output of the data 10 present at the input of the assembly at the time of the signal from timer 30; node 28 can be made on the basis of two RS-flip-flops, for example / K561TP2 microcircuit.

15 The conversion unit 29 is designed to convert the data coming from the output of the fixing unit 28 and the anti-bounce m presented in binary form to the output data of the node 29 presented in

0 decimal form; the node 29 can be performed according to known schemes.

A timer 30, triggered by a signal from the load sensor 4, is necessary to generate a read and hold enable signal within 2-3 seconds of the result of a single measurement. The timer 30 may also be implemented according to known circuitry.

The accumulation and analysis unit 7 is designed to accumulate single results of measuring the level of intraocular pressure and selecting an equivalent electrical signal from a series of measurements in one eye according to the principle of competition

5 results, i.e. From a series of measurements, the result (final) will be considered the result, which within the same series will be the first to be repeated four times. Block 7 accumulation and analysis consists of

0. counters 31-33 and timer 34, while the outputs of counters 31-33 form the first output of accumulation and analysis unit 7 and at the same time are inputs of timer 34, the first output of which, in turn,

5 is a common input R for counters 31-33, resetting them to 0, and the second output of timer 34 is the second output of accumulation and analysis unit 7.

Counters 31-33 are made, for example,

0 based on the K56SHE10 microcircuit and are intended for generation on one of the counters. If the electric signal of a logical unit is received in the case of the input of this counter of four clock cycles, the difference is equal to 5, which corresponds to the situation when four identical results were obtained within the same series of measurements. Thus, the counter 31-33 perform the function of storing and analyzing incoming

to the inputs of the results, and at the end of the series.

(when four identical results are encountered in a series of measurements), issuing the resulting signal simultaneously to the timer 34 and to the switching unit 35 of block 8,

The timer 34 is designed to generate an electrical signal (signal from the output of one of the three counters 31-33) lasting 5-7 s, supplied to the sound frequency generator 36, and also to generate, at the end of this time, a reset signal for all three counters 31- 33; timer 34 may be implemented according to known circuitry.

Indication and signaling unit 8 is designed to present individual results of IOP level measurement, which structurally makes it possible to use the indicator independently, and an audible signal to complete a single measurement, as well as to indicate the final result of the measured intraocular pressure level, and longer (5-7 s ) intermittent audible alarms about the completion of a series of measurements. The indication and signalization unit 8 includes a switching unit 35, an audio frequency generator 36, and three LEDs, respectively, of red, yellow, and green. The inputs of the switching unit 35 form the first and second group of inputs of block 8, its outputs are connected to the inputs of the LEDs 37-39, and the inputs of the sound generator 3 $ are the third and fourth inputs of the display and signaling unit 8. . V: ..:::,: .. .-:. ..

The sound frequency generator 36 is designed to generate a short-term sound signal during a single (one-time) measurement by a signal from a sensor 4, or to generate a longer (5-7 .s) intermittent sound signal from a signal from a timer 34, indicating the completion of a series of single measurements and obtaining a result characterizing the IOP level, the Audio Frequency Generator 36 can be performed according to known circuitry.

The switching unit 35 is designed to connect to the LEDs 37-39 control signals generated at the output of either the conversion unit 29 (when indicating the results of a single measurement) or counters 31-33 (when indicating the final result based on a series of measurements), and can be performed based on three logical elements of INR-NOT ;, for example, based on the K561LO5 microcircuit,

The IOP indicator can be used in two ways: 1) measuring the IOP level in a patient by another person (doctor, nurse, relative, etc.); 2) an independent measurement of the level of IOP by the patient himself. At the same time, it is important that during the measurement of the IOP level the patient is

at rest and was completely relaxed.

The IOP level in a patient is usually measured in the seed position (can also be done in the

0 hundred and lying). If the measurement is performed by another person, for example, a doctor, as well as in the case of independent measurement of the IOP level, the patient should close one eye, on which it should take 5 seconds to measure, and fix the second eye on the test object, which is the central yellow an LED on the indicator board of the device, which is positioned in such a way that, fixing the eye open on the test object, the patient automatically combines the axis of the closed eye with the axis of the IOP indicator. This makes it possible to facilitate for both the patient and the doctor, and therefore, to simplify and make more reliable and reliable the measurement process, as well as to avoid the influence on the measurement results of distortions (artefacts) associated with involuntary movement frenzy of eyes caused by aspiration

0 fix point look up yes,

With sufficient skills, measurement can also be carried out with eyes closed. In this case, the patient should be orientated. solely on sound

5 alarm. The final result can be determined (read) by him at the end of a series of measurements, as evidenced by an intermittent sound and its signal with a duration of 5-7 s l for

0 to read the result on the indicator board, opening your eyes after each single measurement (the burning time of the indicators in this case is 2-3 s).

Before starting operation, the indicator

5 IOP must be configured,

In the case of using the indicator in clinical conditions: during mass surveys of the population; in order to easily and quickly identify persons with increased IOP, the adjustment is made to the average characteristics of the eye (size of the eye block, radius of curvature of the cornea, thickness of the cornea and eyelid, elastic viscous characteristics of the cornea and

5 centuries). The setting is as follows / as follows: first, a force is applied to the horizontal indicator. acting only on the inner cup 10 (without affecting the plunger 11), leading to the opening of contacts 12, 13, o

with

than says the appearance of an audio signal from the unit 8 indication and alarm. This force should be in the range of 15 ± 1 g, which is ensured by the use of a calibration weight, which is supplied with the indicator. In contrast to the prototype, there is no need for great efforts to exert influence on the head. because in this case, there is no effect of depreciation of the eye block, since the action of the plunger 11 is smooth, and not pulsed, as in the prototype, and the eye load in this case is formed to provide standardized measurement conditions and to exclude the influence of elastic-viscous characteristics on their results century, if there is no sound signal when this force is applied to the cup 10, the compression force of the spring 22 is adjusted until a sound signal appears. Then, simultaneously with the first, a second force is applied in the range of 10 + 2 g, acting only on the plunger 11 (in this case, the contact contacts 14,16 should be in the middle of their range of movement). This force should cause the yellow LED to light up, for lower values of effort (less than 8 g) the green LED should light up, for large (more than 12 g) - red. To achieve this state, the compression force of the spring 25 is adjusted using the stopper 27, and, using the stoppers 19,20, the desired location of the contacts 14, 16 is established. The above forces can also be created, for example, using special calibration weights. The results of preliminary clinical trials of the indicator showed that with this setting, calculated on the average characteristics of the eye, the IOP levels were correctly determined: in the study of patients with eye pressure of 20 mm RT. Art. or less on the indicator, a green LED lights up, from 20 to 24 mmHg. Art. - yellow, and more than 24 mm RT. Art. - red LED.

Thus, in the case of using the indicator for mass surveys of the population as a result of its adjustment to the average eye characteristics (the adjustment procedure described above), the yellow LED lights up to indicate that the IOP level is in the range from 20 to 24 (im. ., the green or red light from the LED indicates that the IOP level is, respectively, less than 20 or more than 24 mmHg.

It should be noted that when removing the load at the end of the tuning process under the action of the spring, the 2nd plunger 11 always occupies a position in which contacts 14 and 15 are closed.

When the indicator is used by the patient himself, which is necessary, for example, for 5 day monitoring of temporary bursts of IOP increase characteristic of the initial stages of glaucoma disease, when medication is especially important and effective, aimed at lowering IOP, the indicator is used as a kind of memory element. This is ensured by individual adjustment of the indicator to specific characteristics of the eye, taking into account P (tone), the true value of IOP measured by a doctor using a tonometer in mmHg. Art. (the customization algorithm is shown in Fig. 3).

In the case of setting the indicator yourself

0 by the patient and subsequent independent use of the patient indicator within 2-4 hours after visiting the ophthalmologist (during this time the IOP level can be considered unchanged) and receiving

5, the IOP sets the exact information on the value of its IOP, taking into account the individual characteristics of its eyes, as follows (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3): with the help of a stopper 24, a compression force of spring 22 is achieved, at which the contact stops 12, 13 open at a value external acting force 15 + 1 g. This operation v can be carried out, for example, using a special calibration load, which is supplied with the indicator. A specific force value (15 g) was chosen to simplify the setting of the indicator, which is acceptable for most patients, because fine tuning is successful

0 to be implemented in most cases by means of a plunger force generating unit 3. However, in certain cases requiring minimal exposure of the indicator to the eye (when examining children, patients with significantly reduced IOP, postoperative eyes, etc.), the indicator can be initially set up with a minimum spring compression force 22. Similarly

0 it is possible to adjust the indicator to a large 15 g effort, in those cases when the patient. has a thick or hard eyelid, for example, with a large amount of fat or muscle tissue of the eyelid. Next, setting the contact stop

5 16 using the stopper 20 to the extreme left position, the contact stop 14 using the stopper 19 to the extreme right position (Fig. 2) (the maximum distance between the contact stops 14 and 16), and minimizing the compression force of the spring 25 s using the stopper 27, the patient adjusts the indicator to the characteristics of his eye, which consists in the following (Fig. 3): a single exposure of the indicator to the eye (in this case, there is no measurement of the IOP level, but the effect on the eye in order to adjust the indicator). the patient seeks then change the compression force of the spring 25 of this indicator reading, when the yellow LED lights up steadily after repeated exposures, for which, with the help of the stopper 20, the contact stop 16 is moved by the patient after each exposure of the indicator to the eye for several counts printed on the outside of the glass 10 next with the stopper 20, away from the working part of the indicator in contact with the eye until the green LED lights up on the indicator after exposure to the eye. Thereafter, the contact stop 16, by means of the stopper 20, is shifted backward, i.e. towards the working part of the indicator, i.e. the minimum limit of reliable lighting of the yellow LED is determined. A similar operation is carried out for the contact contact 14. which in this case is shifted towards the working part of the indicator, and then one count back. Thus, a sufficiently narrow boundary of the location of the contact contacts 14, 16 is determined, at which the yellow LED stably lights up, while already slight changes in the IOP level in the patient in the direction of decreasing or increasing will lead, respectively, to the green or red LED of the indicator. With sufficient skills, the patient can perform the adjustment operation quite quickly - in 5-7 effects on the eye. As shown by the results of preliminary clinical trials, the accuracy of such a setting is 2 mmHg. Art. for IOP values up to 30 mm Hg. Art. and t3 mmHg. Art. for IOPs above 30 mmHg. Art.

As a result of such a setting, with the further use of the indicator. As an individual measuring tool, pre-configured for specific characteristics of the eye, a yellow LED will indicate that at the time of measurement the IOP level is in the range:

P (tone) (ind) P (tone) +2, where P (ind) is the IOP level determined using the indicator, mmHg. st .; % P (tone) - IOP measured by a doctor using a tonometer, mm RT. Art.

Thus, P (tone) is the pressure that is fundamental for the further operation of the indicator when it is used individually (independently) by the patient. For example, if IOP. measured by a doctor with any measuring tool (either a Maklakov tonometer. or a Perkins tonometer, etc.) was 22 mm RT. Art., the indicator, being a peculiar element of the memory of this pressure, after the patient has carried out the procedures for setting it up above, can work with it on the basis that the yellow LED will light up at pressure levels from 20 to 24 mmHg. Art., in

In 5 other cases, either a green or a red LED will light, respectively, indicating the need to see a doctor or an independent drug effect on the eye to bring

0 level of IOP normal.

Of course, if the pressure measured by the doctor with a tonometer is obviously higher than normal, it makes no sense to remember it on the indicator; It’s worthwhile to wait until the pressure drops to the normal level (for example, with the help of a medication by a doctor) and then remember it on the indicator,

0 When measuring the IOP level, the device operates as follows. In the initial state, contacts 15 and 16, and 12 and 13 are closed, at the third inputs of the decryption unit 6 - (timer 30) and the display and signal unit 8

5, as well as at its fourth input (sound generator / generator 36), a high-level / voltage blocking signal is present, thereby ignoring any information received at the input of the node

0 28 fixation and anti-bounce (permission / to read information - by a signal from timer 30). At the outputs of the conversion unit 29 and the counters 31-33 there are low voltage signals, and at

5 outputs of the switching unit 35, respectively, high voltage signals, LEDs 37-39 are off, there is no sound signal.

The process of measuring the level of IOP is carried out during a series of single measurements, which is based on the principle of finding the 4 most frequently repeated results. For example, confirmation of normal IOP

5 can be obtained with one series of measurements / with the following options for one-time results: LEDs light up - 4 times yellow, or 4 times yellow and 2 times red | or 4 times yellow, 1 time green, etc. In this case, a single measurement means contact (contact) with a closed eye and a smooth amplification of the indicator's action on the eye until a sound signal appears, after which the indicator is also smoothly diverted from the eye, all indicator elements return to their initial state, and on the indicator panel For 2-3 seconds, the measurement result is recorded, after which the device is again ready to repeat the measurement.

When the IOP indicator smoothly presses the eye closed by an eyelid (the pressure should be gentle so that the force on the eye smoothly approaches the IOP level at the time of the maximum amplitude of the eye pulse), the plunger 11 begins to move into the depth of the indicator due to the reaction of the eye along with contact 15 changing its position (in some cases, at low IOP levels, the plunger may remain in its original position). At the same time, the effect of the body of the inner glass 10 on the eye begins to intensify, and at the moment of achieving equality of effort from the side of the eye (at the time of maximum amplitude of the eye pulse, this ensures the standardization of the IOP measurement, which varies over time due to the rhythmic blood filling of the eye, synchronously with work heart), which counteracts the force of the eye forming unit 2 created by the spring 22, and this force opens the contact stops 12, 13, which leads to a change in potential bottom of the inputs of sound generator 36 frequency and at the input timer 30 associated with one of the contacts 12, 13 (in this case, a potential variation is meant the occurrence of zero crossings in the input timer 30 and the generator 36).

Generator 36 generates a short-term (2-3 s) sound signal informing the doctor or patient who is taking measurements of the completion of a single measurement and the need for a smooth withdrawal of the indicator from the eye for re-measurement.

The timer 30 starts and generates an enable signal for reading information from the eye reaction force sensor 5 about the position of the plunger by the fixation and anti-bounce assembly 28. This ensures that information on the reaction force of the eye to the action of the plunger 11 (according to the position of the plunger at the moment) is read at a normalized eye load set by the load generating unit 2, which allows standardizing the IOP measurement conditions. On the leading negative edge of this enable signal, the data currently present at the input of node 28 is recorded and all subsequent changes are not taken into account (the principle of operation of the gated RS flip-flop) during the generation of the enable signal by timer 30, thus providing an anti-bounce function. Upon completion of the validity of the enable signal, the outputs of the node 28 return to their initial (zero) state, as does the timer 30, which switches to the standby mode when it receives another negative voltage drop at its input.

Depending on the IOP value, the plunger 11 can take a position (at the moment of opening the contact stops 12, 13), which provides three possible relative positions of the contact system 14-15-16: 1) contacts 15-16 are closed (at low IOP levels) - at the input of the fixing and anti-bounce assembly 28, there is a combination of signals 1 and 0, resulting in the ignition of the green indicator LED; 2) none of the contacts 14-15-16 is in contact with each other (at average IOP levels) - at the input of node 28, a combination of signals 0 and 0, resulting in the yellow indicator LED being lit up; 3) contacts 14-15 are closed (at high IOP levels) - at the input of node 28, a combination of signals 0 and 1, resulting in the red LED of the indicator light up.

The information recorded in the node 28 is then transmitted to the conversion node 29, where the presentation of the information changes (for example, the input data is converted to the output data as follows: 00-001, 01-010, 10-100).

The data transformed in this way are then transmitted simultaneously to the inputs of two blocks:

- an indication and signaling unit 8, in which the data passing through the switching unit 35 is inverted and, upon reaching the cathodes of the LEDs 37-39, cause only one of them to glow, namely, the cathode of which has a potential of logical zero; the burning time of this LED (in this case, 2-3 seconds) is determined by the duration of the resolution signal generated by the timer 30;

- an accumulation and analysis unit 7, in which data from the output of the decryption unit 6 is supplied to the corresponding clock inputs of the counters 31-33.

Since, as a result of the first single measurement, fewer A pulses were received at the clock inputs of the counter 31-33 (pulses in this case mean the clock cycle of the data coming from the transformation unit 29, i.e., the code 000 present at the output of the node 29 in the original state changes to one of three possible ones - either 001, or 010, or 100, which is held during the time the timer 30 generates an enable signal; note that in the absence of an enable signal from timer 30 at all outputs of the presence conversion unit 29 there is a log O, and if there is a resolution signal, a log signal will always be generated at one of the outputs of the conversion unit 29. 1), while at the outputs of the counters 31-33 there are logical O, which, firstly, do not interfere data passing from the conversion unit 29 to the LEDs 37-39 through the switching unit 35, and, secondly, the start of the timer 34 is blocked.

At the end of the enable signal from the output of the timer 30, the latching and anti-bounce assembly 28 is reset and blocked until the next read permission signal from the timer 30 arrives at its control input. The LED is turned off and the sound signal stops. a With repeated single measurements, the device operates as described. At the same time, information about unit measurements is accumulated in the counters 31-33 of unit 7 until a fourth pulse arrives at the input of one of them. When 4 pulses were received at the clock input of one of the counters 31-33, a log signal 1 appears at its output, which, firstly, arrives at the switching unit 35 and combines with the data of the last unit measurement (and they, naturally, identical), causes the corresponding LED to glow (37-39) and, secondly, starts the timer 34, which, within 5-7 s, generates an enable signal for operation of the sound generator 36, and upon completion, a reset signal for all counters 31-33.

The doctor or patient determines the value of HD by the lit LED (yellow, green, red), taking into account the measurement range set when setting up, as described above.

After the sound signal stops, all indicators go out, the counters are reset - the IOP indicator is ready to take another series of measurements of the intraocular pressure level.

Thus, the proposed solution provides:

- improving the accuracy of determining the level of IOP, firstly, by using three gradations of the level of intraocular pressure - reduced, normal and increased, and secondly, by reducing the load on the eye, distorting the true IOP, with the possibility of changing the efforts of a complex effect on the eye, allowing adjusting the operation of the IOP indicator to a specific eye with individual characteristics, thirdly, due to standardization of conditions - measurement under normalized load; fourthly, by eliminating the impulse effect on

5 eyes and the transition to smooth pressure, which excludes the influence on the results of measuring changes (oscillations) in the IOP level (often significant up to 5-7 mmHg) due to the amplitude of the eye pressure pulse caused by the blood supply to the eye;

- increasing the reliability of the results obtained by carrying out a series of single measurements, which eliminates the influence of false (caused by arte5 facts and low-quality measurements) indications on the final result; through the use of the L-shaped design of the IOP indicator, in which the indicator board is, inter alia,

0 with a fixation object, which makes it possible to establish the patient's gaze in a predetermined position, which makes it possible to standardize the measurement conditions, eliminate unwanted involuntary eye movements of the patient during the IOP measurement, and. thus improving the reliability and accuracy of level measurement

vgd.

Indicator Tests

0 intraocular pressure in clinical conditions confirmed its high operational characteristics: simplicity and non-invasiveness of the indicator, minimal time to determine the level

5 IOP, reliability of the results obtained, high accuracy for determining the IOP level for a similar class of devices: the range of measured pressures is 5-100 mm Hg. Art., the ability to install a fairly narrow

0 range for determining the level of normal IOP - 4 mm Hg, Art., I.e. it is possible to set the indicator when the yellow LED lights up at pressures that are, for example, in the range from 20 to 24

5 mmHg Art., which is the upper limit of the normal level of IOP, accepted in clinical practice.

Moreover, the IOP indicator has a significant advantage, which consists in the possibility of a very simple and

easily changing the boundaries of the measured IOP levels, which allows it to be used not only for mass examinations, but also for research work aimed, for example, to study the effects of age, climate, territorial, medical, etc. factors to change both the upper and lower boundaries of normal IOP, because the indicator makes it easy to adjust to work with any (both upper and lower) IOP level.

Compared with the prototype, the indicator is characterized by a more accurate determination of the IOP level - the measurement results are not affected by the amplitude of the eye pressure pulse, i.e. accuracy of determining the IOP level by 5-7 mm Hg. Art. higher than in the prototype. In addition, the presence of 3 levels of HD in the indicator compared to 2 in the prototype creates additional prerequisites for a more accurate determination of the IOP level, and the result obtained from a series of measurements makes it more reliable than the result obtained from the prototype.

The use of the invention is advisable for mass screenings of the population in the conditions of clinics, as well as for individual use and the IOP dictator by the patient himself at home

Yah. . -.::.-.,

Formula of acquiring An intraocular pressure indicator comprising an eye contact mechanism, an eye load generating unit, a plunger force generating unit and an eye reaction force sensor, to two outputs of which are connected in series a decryption unit and an indication and signaling unit, the eye contains a body in the form of a glass with a plunger located along its longitudinal axis, they are distinguished, and also, in order to increase the accuracy and reliability of measurement, it is equipped with a load sensor and an accumulation and analysis unit included between the output of the decryption unit and the second input of the display unit and

alarm, the fourth input of which is connected to the second output of the accumulation and analysis unit, while the eye contact mechanism is equipped with an additional cup concentrically mounted inside the main cup-body and connected to the latter through the eye load generating unit in the form of a spring loaded, fixed at one end in the center of the bottom of the case, and the other - to the end of the lever, passed through the hole in the center of the bottom of the additional glass and secured in its wall by the second end by means of a stopper, non-working horse the plunger is connected to the additional glass through the plunger force generating unit in the form of a second spring pressed, fixed to the end of the second lever, the other end of which is fixed to the wall of the additional glass by the second stopper, and the working end of the additional glass has a smooth concave shape and a hole in the center through which the working end of the plunger is missing, inside the additional glass, the third and fourth levers are installed by means of the third and fourth stops, respectively, fixed in the wall an additional glass, the eye reaction force sensor is made in the form of a pair of contact stops fixed on the free ends of these levers and a contact placed between them, mounted on a plunger and connected to a voltage source / the outputs of the eye reaction force sensor are formed by conductors connected to this pair of contacts, stops, and the load sensor is made in the form of another pair of contacts-ynopos, mounted between the walls of the main and additional glasses, one of which is connected to the voltage source, and the other Connected to the conductor forming the sensor output connected to the third outputs of the decryption unit and the display and signaling unit, the display and signaling unit further comprising an audible warning device connected to the output of the load sensor and the second input of the accumulation and analysis unit.

Mechanism Eye action

Used hack dhunaroyevnir ЈCU / tufl / muake-R

Phi & 1

FIG. 2

Installation block 1 forming the load on the eye ka force 15 g

Set the plunger force forming unit 2 to the minimum force

Maximize the distance between pins 19 and 20 (push them apart)

Eye exposure

Increase Gshunir's Force

Reduce the force of block I forming eye strain

To move the contact 20 to the side from the working part of the indicator until the border of the readings of the ikdmsator 5ELTSH-ZOENY

Move the contact 20 to the ag side of the working part of the indicator and achieve a stable indicator reading - 1 YELLOW

To shift the contact 19 towards the working part of the indicator until the boundary of the readings of the OGSh-SHYSh indicator is found

To move the contact 19 on the car and to the side from the working part of the indicator and obtain a stable indication of the indicator UTSh

1

(End of trimming j

FIG 3

Editor

Compiled by A. Gurov Tehred M. Morgenthal

Proofreader V. Petrash