RU181400U1 - Cassette for hardening aluminum alloy liners - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, and more specifically to cassettes for elevator-type quenching aggregates used for hardening aluminum alloy liners for high-pressure metal composite cylinders. The hardening cassette for liners of various capacities contains a base with ring supports of circular cross section with an internal diameter of 15-25 mm larger than the outer diameter of the necks in an amount equal to the number of simultaneously quenched liners with vertical racks fixed to it in an amount of at least d vuh; traverse with guide bushings, coaxial uprights, with the possibility of discrete movement parallel to the base in the vertical direction depending on the liner length and fixing at the required level on the uprights with rod pins, with ring supports located coaxially to the ring base supports with the possibility of vertical movement of 15-20 mm longer than the length of the neck of the liners and fixing them with rod pins; with catchers located at the ends interacting with the device for moving the cassette of the quenching unit; the minimum center distance of the ring supports is 50-70 mm larger than the diameter of the liners. The cassette is equipped with a set of additional weights, depending on the capacity and number of liners. The formula for calculating the mass is given. The ring supports on the traverse in the fixed position have the ability to move vertically by an amount that takes into account the difference in the increase in the length of the cassette and the liner during heating. The formula for determining the amount of displacement is given. The cartridge can be made of low-carbon structural steel. Heat-resistant paint can be applied to the cartridge parts. The 4-10-seat cartridges developed by the authors have been successfully used at one of the enterprises for several years.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, and more specifically to cassettes for elevator-type quenching aggregates used for hardening aluminum alloy liners for high-pressure metal composite cylinders.

In furnaces used for heating and subsequent hardening of metal parts, various loading devices are used in the form of pallets, supports, shelves, muffles, etc. (see. Heat treatment in mechanical engineering: Handbook / Under the editorship of Yu.M. Lakhtin, A.G. Rakhstadt. - M.: Mechanical engineering, 1980. - S. 452).

The listed devices cannot be used in quenching units of the elevator type, which are most suitable for hardening liners made of aluminum alloys (See, for example, the SEAA 12.34.29 / 6 unit manufactured by CJSC Nakal - Industrial Furnaces, www.nakal.ru , nakal@nakal.ru; aggregate SGO-11.30.14 / 5.5 CJSC MIUS, www.zaomius.ru, info @ zaomius.ru).

Work on units of this type is carried out in the following sequence.

The liners are installed in an upright position on the fixture, the most appropriate version of which is a multi-seat cassette. Using a special lifting mechanism, the cartridge is fed into a heating furnace, which is located in the upper part of the unit. After heating the liners to a certain temperature and holding in the furnace for a certain time, the cartridge enters the quenching tank with a quenching medium, which is located under the furnace.

After cooling the liners, the cartridge is removed by lifting mechanism from the quenching tank and the liners are removed from the cartridge.

Since the cassette works in rather difficult conditions and should provide the necessary quality of the liners, a number of requirements are imposed on it when hardening:

- provide high performance quenching unit;

- possess structural strength;

- reliably fix the liners without damaging the surfaces in contact with the elements of the cartridge;

- provide the ability to fix liners of various sizes in length and diameter;

- when placing fasteners for the liners in the cassette, take into account the difference in changes in the height of the cassette and the liners from heating;

- to ensure complete and rapid recession of the cassette with the laners in the quenching medium;

- provide ease of installation and dismantling of liners;

- have sufficient durability;

- the liners in the cassette must be installed relative to each other with a certain gap.

- provide minimal warpage of the liners during hardening.

In quenching aggregates of the elevator type, aluminum alloy products are usually loaded into rectangular baskets in an unoriented position (see quenching aggregates of CJSC Nakal and ZAO MIUS). Baskets of this design are not suitable for hardening liners made of aluminum alloys.

As a prototype, a cassette containing a rectangular-shaped housing shown in a controlled atmosphere pusher for hardening products was adopted (see the description of the invention to patent RU 2085820 C1, F27B 9/22, 07.27.1997).

Several products, touching each other, are installed in the cassette in an upright position. After heating the products to the required temperature and holding and removing the retractable base, all products from the cartridge are fed strictly upright to the quenching tank. At the same time, warping of products will be minimal.

A cartridge of this kind and the principle of its operation also does not ensure the fulfillment of many of the requirements for cassettes for hardening liners made of aluminum alloys.

The technical task is to create a multi-seat cassette for hardening liners made of aluminum alloys of various sizes in length and diameter, mainly for elevator-type quenching aggregates, as well as reducing energy consumption and increasing productivity during the hardening process.

The technical problem is solved in that the cassette contains a rectangular case with a base with a niche to accommodate additional cargo, lower circular circular supports with an inner diameter of 15-25 mm larger than the outer diameter of the neck of the hardened liners, and with vertical racks fixed to the base, crosshead with guides bushings, coaxial racks, made with the possibility of discrete vertical movement parallel to the base, while the traverse is made with the upper ring supports, located coaxially with the lower ring supports of the base and with the possibility of vertical movement 15-20 mm higher than the length of the necks of the liners and fixing them with rod pins, and traps are located at the ends of the traverse for interaction with the device for moving the cartridge in the quenching unit, while the minimum axial distance of the ring supports 50-70 mm more than the diameter of the liners.

In this case, the cassette provides high performance of the quenching unit (multi-seat cassette), the ability to install lanes of various sizes along the length (the presence of a traverse with upper supports with the possibility of discrete movement in height), fixing the liners without damaging the bottoms (ring supports from a round bar, inner diameter they are 15-25 mm larger than the diameter of the necks, in this case, at the place of contact of the bottom with the ring supports, the bottom has the greatest thickness and, therefore, the minimum probability of damage tions if it is dropped into the quenching medium cassette).

The possibility of vertical movement of the upper ring supports 15-20 mm higher than the length of the upper necks of the liners provides ease of installation and dismantling them in the cassette.

Immersion of the liners in the quenching medium in a vertical position ensures their minimum warpage during quenching.

The placement of traps at the ends of the crosshead provides the possibility of interaction of the cartridge with the moving devices in the quenching unit.

The presence of a niche in the base of the casing to accommodate additional cargo allows you to expand the range of hardened liners in the direction of increasing their capacity by installing additional cargo, provided that the cartridge with laners is immersed in the quenching medium.

When quenching low-capacity liners, it is possible to immerse the cartridge with the liners in the quenching medium and without additional load.

In this case, energy costs are reduced due to the lack of the need to heat an additional load.

In the cassette, the minimum center distance of the ring supports is 50-70 mm larger than the diameter of the liners provides the necessary sufficiently high cooling rate of the metal liners and eliminates the effect of steam jackets on the quality of hardening.

In the cassette, the ring supports on the traverse in a fixed position have the possibility of free vertical movement at a distance of not less than

, где

where

α _al , α _st - respectively, the temperature coefficients of the linear expansion of aluminum and steel, mm / (mm⋅ ° С);

L is the fixed length of the liner in the cartridge, mm;

ΔT is the temperature difference in the furnace and in air, ° C;

ΔL - plus tolerance on the liner length, mm.

This allows you to take into account the difference in the height of the cassette and the liners from heating, which eliminates the damage on the bottoms of the ring supports.

Cartridge parts are made of low carbon structural steel. This provides a low cost cassette and quality when performing welding work.

Heat-resistant paint is applied to the cartridge parts. This protects the cartridge parts from oxidation and its necessary durability.

The cassette device is represented by:

in FIG. 1 - general view;

in FIG. 2 is a view along A in FIG. one;

in FIG. 3 is a view according to B in FIG. one.

The lower part of the cartridge has a rectangular base 1 frame type, two racks 2, the lower ring supports 3, a niche 4 to accommodate additional cargo 5 (shown conditionally). On the racks at the corresponding levels, through holes 6 are made.

The upper part of the cartridge is made in the form of a traverse 7 with bushings 8 fixed on it with through holes 9, catchers 10 for the tips of the chains of the lifting mechanism of the hardening unit, crossbars 11. On the crossbars 11 along the edges there are U-shaped posts 12 with upper ring supports 13.

Traverse 7 is fixed on the posts 2 with pins 14, U-shaped posts 12 on the crossbars 11 with pins 15.

All pins are provided with clamps to prevent them from falling out during cartridge movement (not shown conditionally in FIGS. 1, 2, 3).

For the manufacture of cassettes, square tubes, channels and round bars of low carbon steel are used. All one-piece connections are made by welding.

The liners 16 are fixed in the cassette in an upright position with the annular supports 3 and 13.

Work with the cartridge in the following sequence.

First, depending on the length of the liner, the traverse 7 is raised relative to the base 1 to an appropriate height and its position is fixed with pins 14, passing them through the holes in the guide sleeves 8 and racks 2. Then, the liner 16 is manually set with the bottom on the bottom ring support 3, removed pin 15 passing through the U-shaped rack 12 and the cross-member 11, lift the U-shaped rack up so that the upper ring support 13 is 15-20 mm higher than the end of the neck of the liner, install the liner vertically and lower an annular upper support with a U-shaped stand on the upper bottom of the liner. Fix the position of the U-shaped rack with a pin 15, passing it through the grooves of the rack and the holes of the cross member 11.

Similarly, the remaining liners are installed in the cassette.

If necessary, an additional load 5 (conditionally shown) is placed in the niche 4, determined from the condition for the complete and guaranteed recession of the cassette with a full set of liners in the quenching medium.

When installing liners of a different length, the position of the beam 7 relative to the base 1 is changed, and also, if necessary, the mass of the additional load 5.

After quenching, the removal of the liners from the cartridge is carried out in the reverse order.

The 4-10-seat cartridges developed by the authors have been successfully used at one of the enterprises for several years for hardening AD33 aluminum alloy liners according to GOST 4784 (6061 according to ASTMB221) with a diameter of 250 to 370 mm and a length of 500 to 2,300 mm.

Claims (9)

1. A cassette for hardening liners made of aluminum alloys, containing a rectangular case with a base with a niche for additional cargo, the lower ring supports of circular cross section with an inner diameter of 15-25 mm larger than the outer diameter of the neck of the hardened liners, and with vertical racks fixed to the base , traverse with guide bushings, coaxial racks, made with the possibility of discrete vertical movement parallel to the base, while the traverse is made with upper annular supports located coaxially with the lower ring supports of the base and with the possibility of vertical movement 15-20 mm higher than the length of the necks of the liners and fixing them with rod pins, and traps are located at the ends of the traverse for interaction with the device for moving the cartridge in the quenching unit, while the minimum axial distance of the ring supports are 50-70 mm larger than the diameter of the liners. 2. The cassette according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular supports on the traverse in a fixed position are made with the possibility of free vertical movement by a distance l of at least

where α _al , α _st - respectively, the temperature coefficients of the linear expansion of aluminum and steel, mm / (mm⋅ ° С); L is the fixed length of the liner in the cartridge, mm; ΔT is the temperature difference in the furnace and in air, ° C; ΔL - plus tolerance on the liner length, mm. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge parts are made of low carbon structural steel. 4. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that heat-resistant paint is applied to the cartridge parts.

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