RU1804569C - Method and thermal engine for converting heat to mechanical work - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to engines for vehicles. An object of the invention is the difficulty of transferring heat from heat engine elements having the highest temperature to elements with the most intense mechanical movement. A method of converting heat into mechanical work involves compression by a compression machine, the working fluid is transferred to an autonomous heater, where it is heated and expanded, and an increase in the volume of the working fluid heated in the autonomous heater is transmitted to an expansion machine by means of a working fluid not heated in the heater, located between the heater and the expansion machine. and then the heated working fluid from the heater is transferred to the refrigerator. The heat engine for implementing this method comprises a compression machine, an expansion machine in the form of a working cylinder 5 with a piston 6, a stand-alone heater 8, and a refrigerator. 2 ill.

Description

Figure 1

The invention is used in heat engines that may find application in various fields of technology, in particular as engines for vehicles.

The aim of the invention is the difficulty of transferring heat from the heat engine elements having the highest temperature to the elements with the most intense mechanical movement, ensuring the operation of the moving parts of the engine at temperatures lower relative to the heater and increasing the efficiency by increasing the temperature in the heater by changing the method of converting heat to mechanical work, to achieve the separation of the most thermally stressed elements of the engine from elements with the most intense mechanical esk movement. This will enable the most favorable working conditions of engine friction parts, since they are not affected by high temperatures.

In FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an engine for carrying out the method; in FIG. 2 is a graph showing an engine cycle.

As a compression machine, a piston compressor was used, comprising a cylinder 1, a piston 2, a suction 3 and a pump 4 valves. As an expansion machine, a working cylinder 5 with a piston 6 is used. Between the working cylinder and the combustion chamber there is a heat exchanger 7, the purpose of which is to recover the heat of the gases leaving the combustion chamber and which together with the atmosphere is the engine cooler. The heater is the combustion chamber 8, into which fuel is supplied from the pump 10 through the nozzle 9. A graph showing the engine cycle is shown in FIG. 2. On the abscissa axis - volume (V) on the ordinate axis - pressure (P). At the bottom of the graph is an expansion machine consisting of a cylinder with a piston.

In the compressor 1 (Fig. 1), the piston stroke of which is 90 ° ahead of the working piston 6, the working fluid (air) enters through the suction valve 3, where it is compressed and directed through the valve 4 to the working cylinder, the piston of which moves backward ( Fig. 2 moves to the left and is at point 3 of the graph). During further movement of the piston 6 to TDC, air is supplied to a heat exchanger 7 where it is heated by exhaust gases having a high temperature, and then enters the combustion chamber 8, where fuel is supplied through the nozzle 9. From the second half of the reverse stroke of the working piston valve 11

it closes, heating occurs and, as a result, the pressure of the working fluid in the combustion chamber, heat exchanger and working cylinder increases (the curve between

points 3-1 of the graph). After the piston 6 passes through the TDC, a working stroke occurs (curve 1-2 of the graph). The expansion of the working fluid is isothermal, because occurs at a constant temperature. Bring it

time to the working fluid, heat is expended on the allocation of mechanical work. In the BDC of the working piston, the valve 11 opens, the working fluid leaves the combustion chamber and into the heat exchanger, where it gives its heat to the cold working fluid. In this case, the pressure of the working fluid in the combustion chamber, the heat exchanger and the working cylinder drops (curve 2-3 graphs). When the working piston approaches point 3 (Fig. 2), the compressor compresses the next portion of air, the valve 11 closes, the temperature and pressure of the working fluid begin to increase, and the cycle repeats.

Claims (2)

1. A method of converting heat into mechanical work, namely, that the working fluid is compressed, heated and expanded, while producing mechanical work, characterized in that, in order to impede the transfer of heat from the heat engine elements having the highest temperature, to elements with the most intense mechanical by movement, the working fluid compressed by the compression machine is transferred to an autonomous heater, where it is heated and expanded, and the increase in the volume heated in the autonomous heater of the working fluid is transmitted to the expansion machine by means of the working fluid not heated in the heater, located between the heater and the expansion machine, and then heated the working fluid from the heater is transferred to the refrigerator. 2. A heat engine for converting heat into mechanical work comprising a squeeze machine, an expansion machine, a heater and a refrigerator, and a quench. that, in order to ensure work friction parts of the engine at lower temperatures relative to the heater and increase in efficiency by raising the temperature in the heater, the heater is structurally autonomous, not combined with the compression machine and the expansion machine, and is located along the movement of the working fluid behind the compression machine and the expansion machine, and a container with a working fluid not heated in the heater is placed between the heater and the expansion machine. Fie. 1