RU1802980C - Method of seed potato protection against diseases at the storage - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture in potato growing. SUBSTANCE: in order to protect seed potatoes from diseases during storage, their tubers are treated with a biologically active substance obtained as a product of the interaction of blue-fired turpentine with paraformaldehyde in an acetic acid medium at 110-115 ° C; With subsequent saponification. Processing is carried out by distributing between the potato tubers an adsorbent soaked in 65-165 g of product per 1 ton of potato. 2 tab.

Description

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The invention relates to the field of agriculture and relates to agents used to process agricultural products, in particular seed potatoes, to be stored.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce potato losses during storage, increase its growth and yield qualities, and reduce processing costs.

A biologically active product (Viterol preparation) is a thick, colorless liquid with a coniferous-floral smell. It is a mixture of primary mono- and bicyclic primary terpenoid alcohols. Composition of the preparation: 4-hydroxymethyl-2-karen (22-26%), 3-hydroxymethyl-2 (10) -pinene (19-21.%), 6-hydroxymethyl-p-1,8-mentadiene (16.5-18.5%), 6-hydroxymethyl-p-2,8-mentadiene (4,5-5,5%), 9-hydroxymethyl-p-1,8-mentadiene (14,5-16 , 5%), 8-hydroxymethylcamphen (7.5-9.5%)

and other oxygen-containing monoterpenoids (cineols, borneol, isoborneol, terpineols, fenhol, silveterpineol in total 5-7%).

A mixture of primary terpenoid alcohols (Viterol preparation) was prepared by condensation of a mild turpentine with paraform in acetic acid medium, taken in equimolar amounts, for 3 hours with a 25- or 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The product, after washing until neutral, was fractionated in vacuo. The yield of the target product, a mixture of primary terpenoid alcohols (Viterol), is 33-37%.

The study of the effectiveness of the drug Viterol was carried out on potato varieties Lasunok. The effect of the drug on the incidence of diseases during storage and the subsequent growth and development of potatoes during the growing season and crop yields were taken into account.

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Viterol was used by evaporation in doses of 40-180 g per 1 ton of tubers. The adsorbent (cotton wool, peat, sawdust, silica gel, zeolite), impregnated with the preparation, was uniformly spread between tubers in containers of 20 kg /, which were covered with a plastic film on top. All tubers, processed and control, were stored under identical conditions: at 3-4 ° C for 5 months. The tubers, after storage, were planted in greenhouse and field conditions. Fungal and bacterial diseases were counted according to the method of testing potatoes. During harvesting, the affected tuber ™ was recorded for diseases and samples were taken that were analyzed.

Example 1.20 g of cotton wool is impregnated with 1.3 g of the preparation Viterol (65 g per 1 ton of tubers), divided into 5 equal parts and evenly spread between potato tubers placed in plastic containers (height 30 cm, width 40 cm, length 50 cm ) in an amount of 20 kg. The containers are closed with plastic wrap at the top and stored at 3-4 ° C for 5 months. At the end of the shelf life, the containers are opened and the potatoes analyzed for rot damage. It was established that the number of affected potatoes does not exceed 1%, there is no wet and rotten rot. In relation to the control, the decrease in rot is 68.7% (see, Tables 1 and 2). Tubers planted after storage in greenhouse conditions after 30 days had a plant height of 27.2 cm or 25.4% of the control, and after 50 days, 66.5 cm or 123.8% of the control. With 100% germination (control 97.7%), the number of stems per bush is 4.6. or 109.5% of control. After harvesting, the tuber yield amounted to 453. c / ha, the yield increase of 40 c / ha or 8.6% of the control.

The remaining storage experiments with various concentrations of Viterol were carried out according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The results of the experiments are given in table. 1 and 2.

Studies have shown that the optimal dose of Viterol is 65-165 g per 1 ton of tubers (Examples 1-5). At this dose, the amount of total rot is reduced by 68.7-100% compared with the control. By using the Tecto prototype, potato losses are reduced only by 35% compared to the control. Subsequent sowing of tubers under greenhouse conditions shows that after 30 days full tuber germination is observed (97.7% under control). Plants are distinguished by a more developed green mass, plant height 23-46.1%

higher than in the control version. A similar pattern is observed in the field. Better leafiness and larger leaf area indicate

large development of the assimilation apparatus, which contributes to more active accumulation of the crop. The yield increase at a dose of 65-165 g / t was 7-40 c / ha. For the prototype preparation, up to 24 c / ha.

0 Reducing the dose of the drug to 4-0 g / t (experiment 7) - it is possible to reduce the rate of decay by rot during storage by only 18.8%, and germination after 30 days is incomplete and amounts to 98.8% .5 Increase doses of the drug up to 180 g / t

(experiment 6) leads to complete destruction

rot. However, the subsequent crop of vys. harvest of tubers decreases by 6 kg / ha, which

makes up 98.5% of the control. From experiments

0 2-5 it follows that the use of various adsorbents (sawdust, peat, silica gel, zeolites) give comparable results.

Since the drug is recommended for use as a preservative for

5 seed potatoes, its acute toxicity was studied in experiments on rats. Toxicity was determined by administering various doses of the compounds to the stomach. The results of the study showed that the average non-lethal dose (LDso) of Viterol is 2900 mg / kg, which allows the drug to be classified as hazard class III .. ... ..

Thus, the remedy obtained

5 based on available natural raw materials, it allows to reduce the damage of seed potatoes by rot during storage by 68.7-100%, improve its subsequent growth properties and increase the yield of tubers to 40 kg / ha

0 compared with the control, which is 16 c more than for the prototype drug. The method for preparing the preparation is simple and can be carried out on existing equipment. The preparation consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, does not contain metals. It is a monoterpenoid of a natural structure and undergoes easy biodegradation without the formation of toxic metabolites. The method of using preparation 0 by natural evaporation from the adsorbent is simple, requires no special equipment, and can be carried out in existing storage facilities. The drug has low toxicity, does not irritate the skin, has a pleasant coniferous-floral smell and has an additional deodorizing effect.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for protecting seed potatoes from diseases during storage, comprising treating potato tubers with a biologically active substance, characterized in that, in order to reduce storage losses, increase its growth and yield properties and reduce processing costs, As a biologically active substance, the product is used. Tests 2-5 using sawdust, peat, silica gel, natural zeolite as adsorbent, respectively.,  .. Table 2 the action of a blue turpentine with paraformaldehyde in an acetic acid medium at 110-115 ° C followed by saponification, and the potatoes are treated by distributing an adsorbent impregnated with 65-165 g of product per 1 ton of potatoes. Table 1 Continuation of the table. 2