RU1799292C - Reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to chemical engineering and can be used for catalytic processes carried out in fixed bed reactors. The reactor consists of a housing, a bottom, a cover. The internal volume of the reactor is divided by a horizontal baffle, consisting of two parallel disks, hermetically connected to each other by vertical radially mounted ribs forming sector cameras. Each chamber has one hole on the lower and upper disks, one of which is shifted to the center of the reactor, and the other to the wall of the vessel. The openings of each chamber are mirrored relative to the openings of adjacent chambers. The distance between the baffle disks is 0.1-0.2Dp, where Dp is the diameter of the reactor. The area of each hole is equal to (0.20-0.33 -, where Fp is the area of the reactor, n is the number of chambers. 2 zp, f-ly, Zil.

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemical engineering and can be used in catalytic processes with fixed catalyst beds.

The purpose of the invention is the intensification of the process by creating a uniform distribution of gas over the cross section of the reactor and reducing energy consumption by reducing the hydraulic resistance of the reactor

Figure 1 presents a General view of the reactor; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; in Fig.Z - section bB in Fig.1.

The catalytic reactor consists of a housing 1 with a conical cover 5 and a flat bottom 6, gas inlet and outlet fittings. The inert nozzle 11 is supported by grate grates 2. In the middle of the reactor, a horizontal partition is installed, consisting of upper 3 and lower 13 parallel disks connected between; by welding with radial ribs 8 forming sector chambers for gas passage. In each chamber there are holes 9 and 14, one of which is located near the wall of the housing 9, and the other is shifted to the center 14. A catalyst layer 12 is poured on the upper disk 3 with a separation grid 4, a second layer 15 is poured on an inert nozzle 11. In the central of the part of the partition, a plugged tube 7 is installed, the diameter of which is selected according to the conditions of convenient welding of the disks 3. with vertical ribs 8. The distance between the upper and lower disks is assumed to be 0.1 of the diameter of the reactor. This distance may be smaller, but then the hydraulic resistance of the reactor sharply increases, which is not economically feasible.

Between the upper layer of the inert nozzle 11 and the catalyst 12, the installation is left XI Yu

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the clearance required for loading - unloading the catalyst through the hatch 10. The same hatch 16 is also present above the lower catalyst layer 12 | When considering sections of FIGS. 2 and 3 together, a mirror arrangement of adjacent chambers relative to each other is visible, and that their number should only be even.

The catalytic reactor operates as follows.

After heating the catalyst 12 and 15 and inert 1.1 from an extraneous heat source to a temperature slightly higher than the temperature of the onset of the chemical reaction (30–50 ° C), cold gas is fed into the reactor from top to bottom (solid arrows in FIG. 1). The gas passes through an inert nozzle 11 and is heated to the temperature at which the chemical reaction begins. As a result, a temperature front is formed in the catalyst beds 1.2 and 15, moving in the direction of gas filtration. The heat released during the chemical reaction is utilized in the inert packing layer 11 and then the reacted gas is removed from the reactor. After a predetermined period of time (estimated half-cycle time), the direction of gas supply through the reactor is changed. 1, the flow movement is shown by dashed lines. After completion of the half-cycle time, the direction is again reversed, thereby realizing the continuous operation of the catalytic reactor.

The presence of a relatively large cross-sectional area of the holes in each channel of the partition for gas passage ensures its uniform passage through the catalyst layer 12 and 15 with a minimum

hydraulic resistance. When passing through the septum, the gas is divided into n separate cross-jets, not mixed. stitching among themselves. By changing the direction of the gas supply through the reactor, the movement of the gas jets through the chambers accordingly changes.

Claims (3)

1. A reactor for carrying out catalytic processes in an unsteady mode, comprising a housing, a bottom, a cover, fittings for entering and exiting the reaction gas, a grate with layers of catalyst and inert material, a horizontal partition with sector chambers, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost of chemical processes in the reactor by reducing the amount of catalyst and hydraulic resistance, the horizontal partition is made of two parallel disks hermetically connected to each other and. vertical radially mounted ribs forming sector cameras, each of which has one hole displaced to the center on the lower disk and to the housing wall on the upper disk, while the holes of each chamber are located mirror-like relative to the holes neighboring cameras. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the baffle disks is 0.1-0.2DP, where Dp is the diameter of the reactor. 3. The reactor according to claims 1 and 2, distinguished by the fact that the area of each hole  ЈЕ Equals (0.20-0.33) P where Fp is the area 40 reactor cross sections; n is the number of cameras. ft  in n ° f o 00 „“ in about. .,. ft, f. $, „- C1l.a. Ј in., m ° о w «and v s / в о О О О Ј« 0 О ° О 0е О 1 2 F.2