RU1796748C - Multi-store building - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-storey building, including external corner L-shaped, longitudinal and end T-shaped wall blocks with window openings and internal cross-shaped wall blocks installed at the intersection of the axes of the building, flat wall panels located along the internal axes of the building, and floor slabs, different the fact that, in order to reduce the complexity of installation, part of the outer longitudinal blocks is provided with an additional transverse wall with the formation of its cross section in the form of a CT, and the longitudinal walls of all angular and longitudinal on The blocks are made with cut-outs along the abutting faces, the sizes of which are equal to half the window opening, and a groove in the upper end, and the height of the flat panels and the longitudinal walls of the end T-shaped and internal cross-shaped blocks is less than the height of the blocks by the thickness of the floor slabs, which are supported by longitudinal walls, with all the walls of the end T-shaped and internal cruciform blocks and transverse wall panels having rectangular cutouts in their upper part, and the adjacent walls of the outer T-, G- and TT-shaped blocks in the lower part, high and which are equal to half the height of the blocks, while the abutting parts of the internal longitudinal walls and all transverse walls are made with cylindrical vertical channels framed by asbestos-cement pipes, the ends of which are located at a distance from the horizontal faces of the walls, and the latter are connected by means of reinforced-cement tubular inserts placed in channels of adjacent walls between reinforced cement pipes. and with i ЧО ON -4 U OS

Description

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The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular, to the design of space-block multi-storey buildings from large-panel walls.

A multi-storey prefabricated monolithic building of three-dimensional blocks is known, consisting of three and four-dimensional reinforced concrete structures formed of mutually perpendicular elements limited by sections of bending moment diagrams provided with cutouts for dowels, lintels, and also voids placed in walls and balconies 1 .

A disadvantage of the known building is that large cantilevered overhangs (by half the room’s area) of the floors reduce the manufacturing technology to the construction site (you will have to install temporary supports under the ceiling overhang), and also because of the violation of the location of the general center of gravity of the structure spatial blocks to a strictly vertical position on the lower structure, since these overhangs during installation will cause an undesirable slope, making it difficult to fit into other elements of the building structures. In addition, the complete absence of ligation of the vertical seam along the weakened areas of the walls with a horizontal horizontal panel in the middle of the floor slabs over the entire width of the building, with the slightest vertical shift, leads to deformation of the window openings along with glazing, as well as water heating pipes. It should be noted that if there is a large length of abutting toothed joints located in two directions of the floor panels, a considerable amount of formwork needs to be installed in all rooms and, moreover, to their entire height.

The closest technical solution is a multi-storey building, including in plan terms three-dimensional blocks of T-, G- and cross-shaped, installed at the intersection of the axes of the building, with large gaps between them (over two and three meters), in which additional wall elements and monolithic reinforced concrete floors, which (the latter) are larger in area than the precast concrete floors 2.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the blocks are not cut along the window jumpers, i.e. out of place, reducing the length of the seams, the inclusion of additional elements of walls and ceilings in the block - increases the number of sizes by half, i.e. blocks in

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blocks. The preservation of large mounting openings in the walls for installing window blocks and doors leads to additional efforts for fastening, bracing, installing scaffolding, and wasteful consumption of building materials. Fastening large-formwork formwork using bolts creates great inconvenience when working with monolithic concrete, flowing the latter between the boards. At the slightest settlement of a building or a shift of its individual elements along a vertical seam, the collapse of additional overlapping elements from monolithic reinforced concrete will collapse, which is sandwiched between the smooth ends of precast reinforced concrete structures that do not have any outlets of reinforcement or recesses to support the supporting monolithic reinforced concrete lintels together with the floor level.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the complexity of installation.

This goal is achieved in that the building is made of two and three-dimensional reinforced concrete wall panels formed by mutually perpendicular wall elements provided with one protrusion included in the corresponding recesses of the mating wall panels that perform the function of gear adhesion, where the interface of the horizontal ends of the ends walls, carried out with the help of a cement-reinforced hollow pin of large diameter, going into the channel of the higher wall panels of the proposed design. Moreover, the overlapping panels of the latter overlaps are accepted only from standard catalogs of industrial products.

For all transverse self-supporting walls with longitudinal load-bearing walls, vertical channels are provided, which serve not only for passing hot steam, but also for plumbing purposes (ventilation and sewage). For this purpose, the metal tool for forming transverse wall panels of the proposed design is equipped with a movable pallet with installed punches for passing inside the vertical walls of the tool box for forming round hollow channels, and at the base of the punches there should be a thickening to a height equal to half the length of the cement-cement inserts that are placed on top of these punches in the process of freshly laid concrete inside a metal tool, and on the upper part of the nozzles, they are coated with epoxy, which serves at

51 as a self-fixation for the installation of higher wall panels of a developed design, which provides tight sealing of all internal vertical channels.

Cutting wall panels along window and door openings reduces both the length and number of joints, and the closure of vertical joints during installation eliminates them from the number of leaking ones, i.e. turns them into sealed ones, since concrete is compacted by vibration and hardens quickly in the gap between small-sized floor slabs.

In FIG. 1 depicts a floor plan of a building, with left side elements of self-supporting wall panels; in FIG. 2 - axonometric half-section; in FIG. 3 - installation diagram of transverse wall panels; in FIG. 4 is the same for longitudinal bearing wall panels; in FIG. 5 shows details of the interfaces between the wall panels and the floor slabs, where case A shows the connection unit between the external walls and the interior and, for case B, the interconnection of the internal wall panels; in FIG. 6 is a detail of a cement-cement nozzle for interfacing with upstream wall panels.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a plan of a two-section compartment of a building, where instead of 28 single-module wall panels of a known design, seven types of structural wall panels of a designed structure are proposed. Of these, the outdoor unit is 1, the generic outdoor units with one and two ribs are 2 and 3, respectively; end block with one rib - 4; internal transverse block with two ribs - 5; internal longitudinal blocks of different lengths - 6, 7 and 8, which are inserted into the recesses between the self-supporting structural wall blocks - 4, 5 and 7.

The proposed new constructive solution of structure 1, 2 and 4 - two-dimensional, formed by intersecting XY axes at one vertex by the planes of the elements of two walls, as well as a three-dimensional external wall - 3, formed by the intersection of the elements of three walls, while to absorb shear forces the structure equipped with one protrusion included in the corresponding recesses of the mating wall panels that perform the function of gear engagement.

The manufacture of structural blocks. Two-dimensional 1, 2, and 4 and three-dimensional 3 structures are fabricated in the factory in metallic forms in a progressive cassette manner. The forms are equipped with a pallet

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with blanks, sliding sides, forming elements for windows; as well as vibrators attached to the sides of the equipment.

The concrete mixture in the molds is fed from above, compacted. This method of forming the structures according to the invention is very convenient for the manufacture of multidimensional products for various products. Heat treatment of products is carried out in steam shirts, without violating the general technology. After the concrete has set strength, metal molds are removed. By means of hoisting mechanisms and loops 9, they are taken up and transported to a finished goods warehouse or directly to a construction site. Such an enlargement of wall elements reduces transport traffic, saves fuel and lubricants, the number of sizes is reduced to a minimum. The maximum weight of one structure does not exceed 8 tons, which meets the requirements.

The installation sequence is as follows: first, the foundation shoes are laid along the pre-alignment axes, and then the transverse wall structures 4 and 5 are laid on top of them first. There are holes in their protrusions where hollow reinforced cement reinforced inserts 10 are inserted so that they spoke over these ledges. The protruding ends of the liners, coated with an adhesive composition based on epoxy resins, are inserted into the vertical channel of the protrusions of the higher walls and are joined with the lower ends of the hollow liners walled in the body of the protrusions of the structural elements of the basement of the building. First, flat wall panels 6, 7 and 8 are laid on these protrusions, and then the outer wall structures 1, 2 and 3. On top of the latter, i.e. floor slabs II, which are sandwiched between the transverse structures 4, 5 and 8, are laid on the longitudinal bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 so that their level of overlap above the basement coincides with the level of the upper surface of all wall structures of the proposed technical solutions.

The design of the hollow core made of reinforced cement, due to the large cross-section of the empty space, can be used for ventilation and sewerage of sanitary-kitchen rooms, air conditioning for the passage of hot steam, which will eliminate all protruding and distributing metal and cast-iron racks of pipe heating and sewage systems .

In order to avoid misalignment of the vertical posts of the wall structures, a tool is provided for passing punches when forming a vertical channel of a typical design of one standard size of the structure.

In this way, floor slabs II will weigh against the gear engagement of the protrusions of the mating wall panels in such a way that all of these vertical joints must be connected to the floor panels. The mounting loops of the latter should be twisted with loops located at the ends of the outer structural blocks 1, 2, and 3. Then a stiffness disk is formed at each level of overlap together with the outer structural blocks. All this together will provide spatial rigidity to the entire building as a whole. The proposed reinforced cement liners 10 will prevent the displacement of structures in the event of consolidation or sagging of the building with uneven subsidence of the base.

From the point of view of technical and economic efficiency, the proposed technical solution will allow three times to reduce the length of vertical joints, since joint sealing is the most time-consuming part of the installation process and ranges from 75 to 80% of the total complexity of installing floor slabs and wall panels (see book Technologists of construction production under the general editorship of S.S. Kataev, M., Stroyizdat, 1975).

In addition, the proposed technical solution causes a sharp decrease in the metal saturation of the entire building due to the elimination of all nodal metal

CLAIM

A multi-storey building, including external corner L-shaped, longitudinal and end T-shaped wall blocks with window openings and internal cross-shaped wall blocks installed at the intersection of the axes of the building, flat wall panels located along the internal axes of the building, and floor slabs, different the fact that, in order to reduce the complexity of installation, part of the outer longitudinal blocks is provided with an additional transverse wall with the formation of its cross section in the form of a CT, and the longitudinal walls of all angular and longitudinal outer blocks formed with cutouts at the abutting face M, the dimensions of which are equal to half of the window opening, and a groove in the upper end and the height of the flat

overlays and embedded parts, which ultimately reduces the cost of building a building to 10 - 15% (see the book of the authors D. Milyukov, A. Petrakov - Construction and protection of residential and public buildings in the developed territories, Kiev, Buddelnik, 1981, p . 89).

Thus, the device of the proposed spatial multi-storey building of large-panel structures allows in comparison with other structural solutions:

- reduce the number and length of leaking vertical joints;

- eliminate the nodal interface of the walls;

- reduce the number of mounting units 5 - b times during their transportation;

- reduce the cost of the building by 15% by eliminating all protruding and distributing metal and cast-iron heating pipes;

- reduce construction time by more than two times;

- reduce the overall complexity of building construction by 15-20% due to the industrialization of the process of unit enlargement in the factory;

- save typical products of building floor panels:

- to ensure mutual ligation of the elements of wall structures with floor panels eliminates the formation of vertical shear of the building;

- increase the degree of prefabrication of the building by reducing the installation of temporary fixtures, mounting clamps, etc.

panels and longitudinal walls of the end T-shaped and internal cruciform blocks is less than the height of the blocks by the thickness of the floor slabs, which are supported on the longitudinal walls, and all the walls of the end T-shaped and internal cruciform blocks and transverse wall panels have rectangular cutouts in their upper part, and the adjacent walls of the outer T-, G- and TT-shaped blocks - in the lower part, the height of which is equal to half the height of the blocks, while the joined parts of the internal longitudinal walls and all transverse walls are made with cylindrical vertices channel channels framed by asbestos-cement pipes, the ends of which are located at a distance from the horizontal 91796748 10

faces of the walls, and the latter are connected by the adjacent adjacent walls between the cement-cement ones by means of cement-cement pipes, tubular inserts placed in the channel nr-FiE

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