RU179510U1 - DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMING ENERGY OF STEAM-GAS MIXTURE FROM UNDERGROUND SOURCES TO ELECTRIC ENERGY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to power plants for converting gas-vapor mixture energy from geothermal sources or associated gas energy from oil and gas wells into electric energy and can be used in places where autonomous sources of electricity are required.

The proposed utility model represents a compact power plant of a modular design of a portable type.

The device comprises in a complex: a fixed base, a fixed stator with field windings connected to the base, and a rotor with permanent magnets on the upper surface, rotating between the fixed stator and the recess in the base under the influence of steam or gas on a gas-vapor pad. The rotor combines the functions of a turbine and a rotor, having curved blades on its lateral surface, which ensure its rotation when exposed to steam or gas. The device does not have an axis of rotation on the bearings, and two conical surfaces that enter into each other: one on the rotor and the other on the base of the device create a centering rotation of the rotor on the steam-gas cushion during operation of the device.

Steam or gas from an underground source, purified from mechanical impurities and passed through filters and separators, is fed through a pipe to the base of the device. In the place of supply of the pipe to the base, there is a flow regulator for the supplied steam or gas. When steam or gas is supplied under pressure, the rotor rises above the contacting contacting surfaces of the base and rotor, opening a gap through which steam or gas enters the curved blades of the rotor, ensuring its rotation on a gas-vapor pad. The rotor speed can be controlled by the amount of steam or gas supplied.

The operability of the device was confirmed by tests on the created model of the device with imitation of steam output from a geothermal source. During operation, the conical surfaces of the base and rotor do not touch each other, which reduces wear on the parts of the base and rotor. The rotation of the rotor with permanent magnets on its upper surface between the stationary field windings on the stator leads to the appearance of an electric current with subsequent transmission to the consumer.

The technical result from the use of a device for converting geothermal energy or associated gas energy from underground sources to electrical energy is the generation of electricity at the geothermal water outlet or during the evolution of associated gas from oil or gas wells and its subsequent transmission to the consumer. The compactness of the device, the possibility of easy transportation, environmental friendliness of the design will allow the use of this device in various areas and areas.

Description

One of the ways to obtain electrical energy is to use associated gas from wells or a gas mixture from geothermal sources acting on the proposed device for generating electricity.

The utility model relates to power plants for converting the energy of an exhausted vapor-gas mixture from geothermal sources or when associated gas is extracted from oil and gas wells into electrical energy in places where autonomous sources of electricity are required.

The proposed device is a compact portable electric generator having a simple and reliable design.

The use of thermal energy from underground sources or associated gas emissions to generate electricity occurs at geothermal power plants, such as Pauzhetskaya GeoTES, Mutnovskaya GeoTES and others, located in areas of geothermal deposits or when associated gas is released in different parts of the globe.

Known geothermal steam power plants operating on steam, or geothermal power plants with a binary cycle, using water and liquid with a lower boiling point, when the steam, acting on the turbine, drives an electric generator, followed by transmission of electricity to the network to the consumer. [Alkhasov A.B. Geothermal energy: problems, resources, technologies. M. Fizmatlit; 2008; 376 p.].

Known geothermal power plants operating on high pressure geothermal fluid (patent RU 2126098) or using the difference in pressure or temperature that occurs in nature, and composed of blocks of a modular type (patent RU 2493431), providing a change in scale and adapt to local conditions. At all types of power plants, the turbine and the generator are located separately from each other and are connected using various drive devices.

Electric generators are known in which the rotor and stator are coaxial coaxial cylinders with an internal rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with field windings (Popov B.C., Nikolaev S. A. General electrical engineering with the basics of electronics. M. "Energy", 1976.).

Air-cushion devices are known - ekranoplanes, when an air cushion is created due to high-speed pressure during movement (RF patent 2466888; RF patent 2471660) or devices with additional aerodynamic support for the body (RF patent 2456185), which allow to increase the lifting force and carrying capacity of the apparatus. All of them carry engines that create the rise of the apparatus above the surface and regulate the speed of the apparatus.

The turbine-generator (utility model, RF patent 105376) is designed, which is a structure installed in a river bed under water on a concrete slab with an electric generator, gearbox, blades that change the angle of inclination, mounted on the vertical axis of rotation. This installation can be used in any weather conditions, at any time of the year, but in places with sufficient depth of the current river. The disadvantage of this design, compared with the proposed device, is the presence of a gearbox and a vertical axis of rotation.

The closest analogue prototype (patent RU 2168062) is a wind generator designed to charge batteries and power various consumers. This device contains a wind wheel and a flat magnetoelectric generator, the disk-shaped rotor of which has permanent magnets and is connected with the wind wheel by a constant axis rotating on bearings. The main disadvantage of this installation compared with the proposed device is the presence of a combined axis of rotation on the bearings.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to develop a device design for converting energy resulting from a gas-vapor mixture from geothermal sources or the energy of associated gas from oil and gas wells into electrical energy where autonomous sources of electricity are required.

The proposed utility model is a compact power plant of a modular design of a portable type, where there is no axis of rotation on the bearings, and it is replaced by two conical surfaces: one on the rotor and the other at the base of the installation, which have a minimum clearance between them. In the device, the turbine and rotor are combined with each other and do not have a cylindrical axis of rotation on the bearings. Permanent magnets and curved blades are installed on the rotor, creating a torque when exposed to a vapor-gas mixture. The rotor is located inside the annular stator. The stator is fixed, connected to the base and has elements with field windings for receiving electric current with subsequent transmission to the consumer. The contacting surfaces of the rotor and the base have an opening gap through which the vapor-gas mixture enters the rotor blades. The steam or gas entering the gap creates a rotor lift and allows it to be held on a steam-gas cushion, and curved blades, such as turbine ones, located on the side of the rotor, ensure its rotation in the stator holder from the incoming energy of a pair of geothermal sources or associated gas from underground wells .

The essence of the utility model consists in the fact that the device for converting geothermal energy or associated gas energy from underground sources to electrical energy is a compact unit containing in the complex: a fixed base connected to a fixed stator and a rotor rotating inside the stator without support bearings and the axis of rotation under the influence of the vapor-gas mixture on the vapor-gas cushion.

At the same time, elements with excitation windings of the stator itself are inserted in the upper part of the fixed stator support from electrically insulating material, and permanent magnets are located in the upper part of the rotor. The rotation of the rotor inside the fixed stator leads to the appearance of an electric current.

In addition, the rotor has a multilayer structure, consisting of an electrically insulating platform with permanent magnets on the upper surface, and an inverted centering cone on the lower surface with an apex angle of 160-150 °, made of metal or a ceramic-metal material with a wear-resistant coating. In this case, the presence of curved blades, such as turbine, or edge blades on the side surface of the rotor, in an amount of at least 10-12 pieces, ensures its rotation in an elevated state on a gas-vapor pad due to the pressure of steam or gas flowing from underground sources and coming to the base devices.

In addition, at the top of the device, made of a material such as cermet, there is a conical recess at an angle of 160-150 ° to the vertical axis, which has a wear-resistant coating on the surface. A centering cone of the rotor is inserted into this recess of the base with a gap on the conical surfaces of ~ 0.2 mm and an opening gap during operation on the supporting surfaces.

In this case, the rotor has additional curved holes from the lower surface to the outer side surface of the rotor, of a tangential type, in the amount of 6-12 pieces, which serve to create additional torque and additional cooling of the stator and rotor elements.

The gas-vapor mixture or gas from an underground source, purified from mechanical impurities and passed through filters and separators, is fed through a pipe to the base of the device. In the place where the pipe is supplied to the base, there is a flow regulator for the supplied gas-vapor mixture.

When gas or steam is supplied under pressure into the gap between the conical surfaces of the base and rotor, the rotor rises above the supporting surfaces of the base and rotor, opening a gap through which steam or gas enters the curved rotor blades. In this case, the rotor rotates on a gas-vapor pillow. The rotor speed can be controlled by the amount of steam or gas supplied. During operation, the conical surfaces of the base and rotor do not touch each other, which reduces wear on the parts of the base and rotor.

The technical result from the use of a device for converting geothermal energy or associated gas energy from underground sources to electric energy will allow to receive electricity for subsequent transmission to the consumer at the geothermal water outlet or associated gas from oil or gas wells. The compactness of the device, the possibility of easy transportation, the environmental cleanliness of the design will allow the use of this device in remote areas.

In nature, electricity generation can account for up to 30% of the energy of steam emitted (I. Sagadeev. “Development of geothermal energy in Russia.” Ufa; A. Baranovsky. “Recall GeoTES - nature is a great genius.” 2015) .

Description of the device: FIG. 1 shows a device for converting geothermal energy of a gas-vapor mixture or associated gas energy from underground wells into electrical energy, when the heat and energy carrier is located near an underground source. The device consists of a fixed base 1, with a pipe 2 connected to it, through which steam or gas is supplied; - fixed annular support of the stator 4 with elements of the field windings of the stator 5 itself;

- and rotating above the base and inside the stator of an unsupported disk-shaped rotor 6 having permanent magnets on the upper surface. The fixed support of the stator 4 is rigidly connected to the fixed base 1. At the base 1, in its upper part, there is a conical recess 3 with an angle at the apex of 160-150 ° to the vertical axis.

The base 1 is made of cermet material, and has a wear-resistant coating on the surface of the conical recess 3, for example, based on silicon carbide or tungsten carbide, or chromium carbide.

The centering cone of the rotor 9 is inserted into the recess 3 of the base 1.

The gas-vapor mixture or gas from an underground source, purified from mechanical impurities and passed through filters and separators, is fed through pipe 2. At the point of supply of the pipe to the base, there is a flow regulator 7 of the supplied gas-vapor mixture.

In the upper part of the annular support of the fixed stator 4, made of electrical insulating material, “N” elements with excitation windings 5 of the stator itself are evenly inserted. When the rotor (6, 8, 9) rotates inside the stationary stator 4, a current appears in the field windings 5, which is supplied to the consumer 19 through the current output elements. The stator support surface 15 serves as a limiter for the rotor to rise above the base surface.

The rotor of the device is a combined multilayer design of a disk-shaped type. In the upper part of the rotor, in the form of an annular disk of electrical insulating material, “N” of permanent magnets are arranged uniformly 6. The central part of the rotor is the main platform 8, in the form of an annular disk of electrical insulating material, has curved blades 10, like turbine blades, evenly spaced on the side surface , in the amount of not less than 10 pieces, creating a rotation of the rotor when a vapor-gas mixture flows on them. The material of the electrical insulating platform 8 may be fiberglass or fiberglass. In the electrical insulating platform 8, additionally curved openings 11 of the tangential type can be made, reinforcing the rotor moment of rotation and providing additional cooling of the stator and rotor elements. The lower part of the rotor is made in the form of an inverted centering cone 9 with an angle at the apex of 160-150 ° equal to the angle of the conical recess 3 at the base of the device 1. The centering cone 9 can be made of titanium, steel, aluminum or a cermet material deposited on its outer surface wear resistant coating or be hollow inside. The location of the centering cone 9 in the recess 3 of the base 1 along the conical surfaces and the presence of a gap 13, constant in the section ≈0.2 mm or having the cross-section in the shape of a confuser, which decreases when approaching the rotor blades (from bottom to top), provides the centering position of the rotor and its free rotation during operation on a steam-gas cushion without a central axis and thrust bearings.

In the idle state, the rotor 6 contacts the flat portion of the surface 16 with the flat portion of the surface 17 of the base 1. During operation, the rotor 6 rises above the surface 17 of the base 1, and steam or gas flows onto the rotor blades 10 through the opening gap 18. The gap 13 between the conical recess of the base 3 and the outer surface of the centering cone of the rotor 9, having the shape of a confuser, decreasing in cross section to the contacting surfaces 16 and 17, and the opening gap 18, can increase the rate of leakage of gas or steam on the rotor blades 10.

The gap 12 between the stationary stator 5 and the rotor 6 provides free rotation of the rotor inside the stator during its operation on a gas-vapor pillow. To collect and drain the condensate that has arisen during the operation of the installation, a bottom pan 14 is installed.

A device for converting geothermal energy or associated gas energy from underground sources into electrical energy works as follows.

Steam or gas mixture from an underground source, purified from mechanical impurities and passed through filters and separators, is fed through a pipe 2 to the base 1 of the device. In the place of supply of the pipe 2 to the base 1 is a flow regulator 7 of the supplied vapor-gas mixture. Steam or gas under a pressure of ≈10-20 atmospheres through the gap 13 is directed to the conical part of the rotor 9.

The rotor 6 under pressure rises above the conical recess 3 of the base 1. In this case, the weight of the rotor plus atmospheric pressure on its outer surface becomes less than the force exerted by the steam-gas jet and its pressure on the lower conical 9 and flat 16 of the rotor surface according to the Bernoulli equation. There is an opening of the gap 18 between the surfaces 16 and 17 of the rotor 6 and the base 1, respectively.

The rotor 6, as it were, hangs (hovering) in the air on a gas-vapor cushion above the base 1. The gas-vapor mixture flows through the opened gap 18 and its effect on the curved rotor blades 10. This leads to the rotation of the raised rotor 6 in the gap 12 inside the stationary casing of the stator 4 without supporting bearings and the axis of rotation.

The centering of the rotor 6 during its rotation is carried out using the centering cone 9 inside the conical recess 3 of the base 1. The absence of rotating bearings and axes of rotation in the system reduces the resistance to rotation of the rotor inside the stator 4 and reduces the wear of working parts. Condensate arising during the operation of the device is removed from the pallet 14 and can be reused.

The rotation of the rotor with permanent magnets 6 inside a fixed stator with field windings 5 leads to the appearance of an electric current with subsequent transmission to the consumer 19.

To confirm the principle of operation of the proposed device, the following were developed and manufactured: - model of the device and - model of the installation simulating the operation of a geyser. The general operation scheme of the simulator is shown in FIG. 2.

The installation consisted of a base 21, combined with a stator 22, and a rotor 23 with curved blades 32 fixed on its side 11. In the center of the base 21, combined with a stator 22, there was a conical recess with an angle at the apex of 160 ° to the vertical axis. A through hole with a diameter of 8 mm was made in the center of the conical recess of the base 21, combined with the stator 22. A tube 24 with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 6 mm of stainless steel was inserted into this bottom hole. At the end of the tube 24 there was a tapering nozzle 25. The rotor 23 was an inverted cone with an angle at the apex of 160 ° to the vertical axis. On the side of the rotor were curved blades 32 in the amount of 11 pieces. The stator and rotor were made of steel and had a diameter of 150 mm and a thickness of 50 mm and 30 mm, respectively.

The tube 24 was installed inside the tube 28 with an inner diameter of 16 mm and a length of 1.2 m. A voltage of ≈220 V was applied to the ends of the tube 28 made of silicon carbide. The other end of the tube 24 was connected to the receiver 26 with water through a valve 34.

At the beginning of operation, the tube 28 was heated to a temperature of 1320 K. After that, the valves 29 and 34 were opened, and the water 30 displaced by air from the cylinder 27 entered the metal tube 24 from the receiver 26. At the outlet of the tube 24, superheated steam 31 was formed, which entered nozzle 25 and a gap 33 between the stator and the rotor. A steam jet exiting the nozzle under pressure lifted the rotor 23, acted on its curved blades 32 and rotated the rotor 23 without supporting bearings and the axis of rotation. The rotor, as it were, soared above the conical recess of the base 21, combined with the stator 22, on a gas-vapor pillow. Its alignment was carried out with a conical protrusion with an angle at the apex of 160 ° to the vertical axis on the rotor 23 inserted into the conical recess with an angle at the apex of 160 ° to the vertical axis in the base 21 connected to the stator 22.

The operation of the device was recorded on film. The same rotation occurred if, instead of steam, compressed air or gas was supplied.

In FIG. 3 shows a model of a base with a stator having a conical recess with an angle at an apex of 160 ° to the vertical axis. A metal tube with a nozzle is inserted into the hole in the center of the recess.

In FIG. 4 shows a rotor model with curved blades mounted on its side. The rotor surface mating with the stator surface had a conical shape with an angle at the apex of 160 ° to the vertical axis.

When excitation windings with current-carrying elements were placed on the stator, and permanent magnets were placed on the rotor, an electric current was generated during the operation of the installation.

List of patents scanned by IPC classes to the application:

“DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY OR ASSOCIATED GAS ENERGY FROM UNDERGROUND SOURCES TO ELECTRIC ENERGY”.

1. IPC 7: F03B 13/10 patent RU No. 105376 - turbine - generator.

2. IPC 7: F03B 13/10 patent RU No. 57385 - rotary turbine hydroelectric power station.

3. IPC 7: F03D 9 patent RU No. 2168062 - a wind generator.

4. IPC 7: F03D 1/06; F03D 3/06; Н02К 21/22 patent RU No. 2331792 - reversed wind generator.

5. IPC 7: F03D 1/06 patent RU No. 2477811 - a rotor-blade wheel of an electric generating unit based on the Magnus effect.

6. IPC 7: F03D 1/06 patent RU No. 2454563 - rotor of a segment type wind generator.

7. IPC 7: F03D 1/06 patent RU No. 2425249 - rotary wind power.

8. IPC: F03D 3/06 RF patent No. 2517007 - a rotor with a vertical shaft.

9. IPC: F03D 3/06 RF patent No. 2516085 - rotary vertical wind turbine.

10. IPC: F03D 3/06 RF patent No. 2511985 - vertical wind generator.

11. IPC: F03D 3/06 RF patent No. 2502890 - turbine installation and power plant.

12. IPC: F03G 7/04 RF patent No. 2493431 - geothermal power station.

13. IPC: F24J 3/08 RF patent №2110019 - steam turbine installation for geothermal power plants.

14. IPC 8: B60V 1/06 RF patent No. 2456185 - apparatus on an air cushion with additional aerodynamic support for the body.

15. IPC 8: B60V 1/08 RF patent No. 2508997 - amphibian airboat.

16. IPC 8: B60V 1/08 RF patent No. 246688 - ekranoplan.

17. IPC 8: B60V 1/06 RF patent No. 2442709 - soft float.

18. IPC: H02K 21/22 RF patent No. 2528378 - magnetoelectric machine with an auxiliary engine.

19. IPC: Н02К 21/22 RF patent No. 2467454 - a high-speed magnetoelectric machine with a vertical shaft.

20. IPC: H02H 21/22 RF patent No. 2453698 - downhole generator.

21. IPC: H02K 21/22 RF patent No. 2374743 - a non-contact synchronous machine having a smooth armature with a non-core core and permanent magnets on the rotor.

22. IPC: H02K 21/18; H02K 21/14 RF patent No. 2303849 - brushless generator with permanent magnets.

23. Patent WO 2013060340 A1 - a device and method for converting geothermal energy into electrical energy.

24. IPC: F03D 1/06 RF patent No. 2477811 - rotor-blade wheel of an electric generating unit based on the Magnus effect.

25. IPC: F24J 3/08 RF patent №2288413 C1 - a method of extracting geothermal heat.

26. IPC: F03G 4/06 RF patent No. 2126098 - geothermal power plant operating on a geothermal fluid medium of high pressure.

27. IPC: H02K 26/00; H02K 27/02 RF patent No. 2137280 - torque motor with permanent magnets.

Claims (7)

1. A device for converting geothermal energy from underground sources to electrical energy, comprising in the complex: a fixed base, a fixed stator with field windings connected to the base, and a rotor with permanent magnets rotating between the fixed stator and the recess in the base, under the influence of a gas-vapor mixture on a gas-vapor pillow. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor has a multilayer structure, consisting of an electrically insulating platform with permanent magnets on the upper surface, an inverted centering metal cone on the lower surface, which enters the conical recess of the base, where it is brought in through the bottom hole in the center of the base a gas-vapor mixture creating a centering rotation of the rotor on a gas-vapor cushion between the base and inside the stationary stator. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor, combining the functions of the turbine, has curved blades on its side surface, which ensure its rotation inside the stationary stator. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that between the supporting surfaces of the base and the rotor, in the place of their contact, there is an opening gap, which ensures, during operation, the supply of the gas mixture to the curved rotor blades. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the edge part of the lower inner surface of the fixed stator serves as a limiter for lifting the rotor during its operation. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the point of attachment to the base of the pipe through which the gas-vapor mixture is supplied, there is a flow regulator for the incoming gas-gas mixture, which regulates the flow and rotor speed. 7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor has additional curved holes in the electrically insulating platform, such as tangential, from the lower surface of the platform to the outer side surface of the rotor to increase torque and cooling.

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