RU1794703C - Device for selecting required gear in transport vehicle gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: in transport and training vehicles for training drivers in economical driving techniques. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the device allows the selection and indication of the required gear stage in acceleration, braking and constant speed driving. Indication by visual and acoustic indicators. The rotor of the tachogenerator is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox. The electrical output of the tachogenerator is connected via a pulse shaper to a temporary selector, while the other output of the temporary selector is connected to the output of the counter pulse generator, and the output of the temporary selector is connected to the input of the pulse counter. Having received information from the pulse counter, the logic unit informs the driver through the visual and acoustic indicators that it is necessary to switch on the optimal transmission, 3 ill. Joint venture

Description

The invention relates to automotive engineering and can be used as a standard instrument in transport vehicles, as well as for training and further training of drivers in economical driving techniques in training vehicles and simulators.

A device is known for selecting the required gear stage, which: comprises an alternating current tachogenerator connected to the engine crankshaft, and a rectifier, an integration unit, a threshold circuit and a relay connected in series to it.

The disadvantage of this known device is that the tachogenerator is mechanically connected to the crankshaft of the engine, which allows you to select the desired gearbox only

in the car acceleration mode and does not allow to determine the necessary step in the deceleration mode, as well as when driving at a constant speed after a forced decrease in speed.

As a prototype, a device was selected for selecting the necessary gearbox stage of the vehicle, which contains an alternating current tachogenerator connected to the engine crankshaft and a rectifier, integration unit, threshold circuit, relay, gearbox engaged sensor, switch in series load mode, a logic block for determining the optimal gear shift sequence and a block of warning lights.

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Disadvantages of the device: it only allows to determine the optimal gear shift sequence only in acceleration mode and does not allow to determine the optimal gear shift sequence and transmission in deceleration mode and when driving at a constant speed after a forced deceleration or acceleration; indication, during operation of the prototype device, is carried out only with the help of a visual indicator - a block of signal lamps, which additionally loads the already overloaded driver’s visual analyzer; the electric circuit only works with analog signals, and the voltage produced by the alternating current tachogenerator capable of non-linear dependence on the rotational speed is selected as an analog of the engine speed.

The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality by more accurately determining the optimal gear shift relationship.

The goal is achieved due to the fact that in the device for selecting the desired gearbox stage of the vehicle, containing tacho. an alternator, a logic unit that determines the optimal gearshift sequence, visual and acoustic indicators include the following differences: the tachogenerator is not mechanically connected to the crankshaft of the engine, but connected to the output shaft of the gearbox; the electric output of the tachogenerator is connected in series with a pulse shaper and a pulse counter; in parallel with the visual indicator - a block of signal lamps an acoustic indicator is provided.

The achievement of a positive effect in the implementation of this technical solution is confirmed by the technical advantages described below.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device; in FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a logic block; in FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of a device.

The proposed device for selecting the necessary gearbox stage of the vehicle (see Fig. 1) consists of a tachogenerator 1 mechanically connected to the output shaft of the gearbox, logic unit 2, visual 3 and acoustic 4 indicators.

Tachogenerator 1 may be a standard vehicle speed sensor. It is mechanically connected to the output shaft of the car gearbox and is an electric three-phase generator with a rotor in the form of a four-pole permanent magnet, the rotation of which is transmitted from the output shaft of the gearbox, and the stator has three windings located at an angle of 120 °, and connected by a star.

The logic block (see Fig. 2) includes a pulse shaper 5, a counting pulse generator 6, a time selector, a pulse counter 8, and various matching elements.

5 The pulse shaper 5 includes a double-sided diode limiter, an operational amplifier, and a Schmitt trigger. The counter pulse generator 6 is an electronic circuit based on a quartz crystal resonator BQ that generates and generates rectangular counted pulses with a constant amplitude and calibrated frequency. The time selector 7 is a logic element 3-NO (in FIG. 2 logic element DDB).

The pulse counter 8 is built on the basis of four-bit reversible fast-acting divider counters with

0 parallel transfer between bits (DD7, DD8, DD9).

Four logical elements are used to coordinate the operation of the elements of the device: DD2 - one-shot; DDZ - dual

5 one-shot; DD4 - JK - trigger; DDB - D - trigger with dynamic control.

The logic block also includes the DD11 memory register, digital number comparators (by the number of transmissions) DD12-DD21 of the same number of logical elements, excluding OR DD22-DD31. The inputs of the memory register are connected to the outputs of the pulse counter 8. The inputs of the number comparators are connected in parallel

5 and are connected to the outputs of the memory register, and the outputs of the comparators are connected to the inputs of the logic elements exclusive OR. The outputs of the logic elements exclusive OR block logic 2 (see Fig. 1)

0 are connected to a visual indicator 3, made in the form of a block of light indicators according to the number of gears and taking into account the location of the upper and lower gears, and with an acoustic indicator 4.

5 including a speech synthesizer and speaker.

The device described above for selecting the desired gearbox stage of a vehicle operates as follows.

When the car is moving, the rotor of the tacho generator 1 is driven from the output shaft of the gearbox. When the rotor of the tachogenerator 1 rotates, its magnetic field creates an EMF in the windings of the stator coils, the pulse frequency of which is proportional to the rotor speed. The signal is taken from one of the outputs of the tachogenerator 1 and fed to the input of the pulse shaper of the block, logic 2. The pulse shaper 5 (see Fig. 2) converts the output harmonic signal of the tachogenerator 1 into rectangular pulses normalized in amplitude and slope of the edges. The pulse duration of the output signal of the pulse shaper 5 is directly proportional to the period of the input signal, i.e., the output signal of the tachogenerator 1.

The output pulse of the pulse shaper 5 is a gate pulse for the time selector 7. The counter pulse generator 6 continuously generates the counter pulses of a calibrated frequency. The counting pulses from the counting pulse generator 6 are supplied through the time selector 7 to the input of the pulse counter 8 only when a gating pulse from the output of the pulse shaper 5 is supplied to the gate input of the temporary selector 7. During the operation of the gate pulse, the pulse counter 8 counts the counting pulses generated - countable pulse generator 6. Pulse counter 8 converts the calculated number of pulses into a direct parallel binary code. The number of input pulses and the state of the counters 8 are mutually determined. The number of pulses represented in the binary parallel code is supplied via the DD11 memory register to the parallel inputs of the DD12-DD21 digital number comparators. The digital comparators DD12-DD23 compare two numbers A and B. The result of the comparison is displayed by the corresponding logic level at the output. The number A is set at the output of the DD11 memory register and, in binary parallel code, is supplied to the inputs AO-A11 of all the comparators DD12-DD23. The reference numbers BO-B11 on each of the comparators are set by supplying, respectively, logic levels 0 and 1. Each binary number BO-B11 on the comparators corresponds to a certain value of the vehicle speed. As the vehicle speed increases, the number of AO-A11 at the inputs of the comparators increases. As the number of AO-A11 increases at the outputs A B of the comparators, the level of the logical unit appears alternately. The outputs of the comparators are connected to logical elements exclusive OR DD22-DD31 in pairs, and the outputs of each element exclusive OR DD22-DD31 are connected to the input of visual 3 (figure 1) and acoustic 4 indicators of the device corresponding to a certain gear stage. When a signal appears at one of the inputs of the visual indicator 3, a lamp, LED or some other light-emitting device corresponding to any transmission lights up.

In parallel, the signal from the output of the logic unit 2 is supplied to the input of the acoustic indicator 4, where, using a speech synthesizer, a word is synthesized corresponding to a certain transmission number, with a high tone corresponding to the upper row of transmissions and a low tone to the lower one, and is reproduced by the speaker.

Referring to FIG. 2 matching elements work as follows. When the device is turned on, the triggers DD4 and DD5 are set to a single state (Q 1; Q 0). The logic unit levels at inputs 1 and 2 of the DD6 time selector allow the passage of pulses from the counting pulse generator through the time selector to the pulse counter. The counter is full. By filling the counter at one of its outputs, a low level signal is generated with a duration equal to the pulse width of the counter pulse generator. This pulse arrives at input 1 of the DD5 trigger and overturns it to the zero state. At the output 5 of the DD5 trigger, and therefore at the input 2 of the temporary DDB selector, a signal for inhibiting the passage of pulses to the pulse counter appears. In this state, the counter remains until at the input 12 of the DD4 trigger the level of the logical unit is maintained (the car is standing).

When the car begins to move, pulses with a duration proportional to the speed of the vehicle appear at the output of the pulse shaper, which is connected to the input 12 of the DD4 trigger. The first low-level pulse coming from the shaper overturns the DD4 trigger to the zero state, and a positive difference of 0.1 at the output 6 of this trigger triggers the DD1 delay circuit for a specified time. At the output 4 of the DD2 delay circuit, a low level signal appears which keeps the DD4 trigger in a zero state. The delay circuit is designed to control over a wide time range the indication of the counting result on the visual indicator of the device. After a set time, a pulse of 0.1 appears at the output 4 of the DD2 element. This pulse is fed to input 10 of a single-shot DDZ and starts it. The one-shot DDZ generates a pulse 0.1 of resetting the pulse counter to the zero state, and the signal 1.0 from the output 12 of the same one-shot knocks the DD5 trigger to the single state, which causes the appearance of the enable signal of the passage of pulses from the counting pulse generator to the input 13 of the time selector DDB. However, the counting pulses do not pass to the pulse counter due to the fact that at the input 1 of the temporary selector DD6, a logic zero level is maintained that prohibits the passage of counting pulses. When the first drop of 1.0 arrives at input 12 of the DD4 trigger, the enable signal appears at input 1 of the temporary selector DD6. Counted pulses pass through a time selector to a pulse counter. The arrival of the next difference of 1.0 to input 12 of the DD4 trigger again prohibits the passage of pulses through the time selector. The same difference is triggered by a single-shot ДДЗ, at the output of which a pulse 0.1 is formed, which allows recording the result of the count in the memory register of the logic unit.

Thus, the DD6 time selector is open for the passage of pulses from the counting pulse generator to the pulse counter only during the repetition period of the pulses coming from the pulse shaper.

A temporary diagram of the operation of the device is shown in FIG. 3.

The proposed device has the following technical advantages over the prototype: the proposed device works in all operating modes of vehicles; the load on the driver’s visual analyzer is reduced; The accuracy, reliability and noise immunity of the electronic circuit are improved.

The use of the proposed device eliminates the subjectivity of the driver when choosing the desired gear, which ultimately allows to reduce fuel consumption.

Formula A device for selecting the necessary gearbox stage of a vehicle, comprising an alternating current tachogenerator, a logic unit associated with a visual indicator, characterized in that, with the purpose of expanding functionality by more accurately determining the optimal dependence

Figure 1

When the gear is engaged, the logic unit includes a pulse shaper and a pulse counter, while the rotor of the tachogenerator is mechanically connected to the output shaft of the gearbox, and its electrical output is connected in series with the pulse shaper and pulse counter, and an acoustic indicator is connected to the output of the logic block.

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