RU1794411C - Impulse sprinkler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technique for irrigating agricultural crops, and can be used in pulsed sprinkler systems and can improve the operational properties of a pulsed sprinkler: increase reliability, reduce fuel consumption by 10%, and reduce emissions polluting the atmosphere. The apparatus consists of a water-air tank 1, a casing 4 of a combustion chamber located in the tank 1, a barrel 2 with a nozzle, a pressure sensor 36 acting as an ignition switch, a pressure switch 22 in the pneumatic drive system of the fuel pump, equipped with contacts 37 of the electric network of the ignition, which closes breaker. When the electric ignition network is closed, the voltage on the ignition device 11 does not occur immediately, but with a delay, which ensures complete displacement of the fuel from the cavity 14 and the distribution of atomized fuel throughout the volume of the combustion chamber 4 until a spark appears on the ignition device 11.3 zp . f-ly, 1 ill. (L

Description

The invention relates to a technique for irrigating agricultural crops and can be used in pulsed sprinkling systems.

A pulse sprinkler apparatus is known, including a barrel with a nozzle, an air tank equipped with an ignition device, nozzles for supplying a combustible mixture and water to the tank cavity.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is that it requires the use of a receiver in it to prepare a combustible mixture. At the same time, with an increase in the volume of splashed water, for example, up to 5 m, the dimensions of the receiver unacceptably increase. The latter makes it difficult to create a transport version of the apparatus.

Known pulse sprinkler apparatus, including a barrel with a nozzle, a water tank, a combustion chamber, an air supply line to the combustion chamber, a fuel pump pneumatic drive system with a differential piston located in the housing, a small diameter nadporshne cavity communicates with the fuel tank and nozzle located in the chamber wall burn, ignition circuit with ignition switch of the combustible mixture.

Fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber by direct injection pumps.

A disadvantage of the device is that a high-temperature gas coming from a combustion chamber with a temperature of 2700 ° C is used to pneumatically drive one of the pumps.

1, since the mechanical characteristics of structural materials are significantly reduced when exposed to the temperature, the reliability of the pneumatic drive is low.

Reliability of the piston movement of the second pump is also low, since small forces are used to move the piston from the hydrostatic pressure of the fuel tank of less than 0.05 kgf / cm2.

Low reliability is the reason that the specified device is not used.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate low reliability by using cold gas for pneumatic drive and eliminating a low displacement plunger pump on the plunger.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a pulsed sprinkler apparatus including a barrel with a nozzle, a water-air tank. combustion chamber, supply line

air into the combustion chamber, the pneumatic drive system of the fuel pump with a differential piston located in the housing, nadporshneva cavity of a small

the diameter of which is in communication with the fuel tank and the nozzle located in the wall of the combustion chamber, an electric ignition network with an ignition switch of the combustible mixture, an interruption of the electric ignition network is made in the form of a pressure sensor, and the pneumatic pneumatic drive of the fuel pump is equipped with a pressure limit valve and a pressure switch, while the over-piston cavity of a large diameter differential piston is in communication with the pressure switch and, through the pressure relief valve, with the air supply line to the chamber py combustion podporsh- large diameter cavity Neva

0 communicates with a sub-piston cavity of small diameter, a supra-piston cavity of small diameter through a non-return valve with a fuel tank, and an intermediate cavity through a nozzle — with the atmosphere and the air supply line to the combustion chamber.

In order to ensure a predetermined time delay of ignition in the line for supplying air to the pressure switch, a pneumatic reservoir is installed with an inlet nozzle communicated through the nozzle to the atmosphere,

To increase the completeness of combustion of fuel, a height-adjustable stop is installed in the wall of the housing to limit the movement of the differential piston.

5 . .

To improve the quality of the mixture. on the wall of the combustion chamber there is a block of nozzles, the cavities of which are communicated by the channel,

0 The combination of these features in the proposed device, in comparison with the known technical solutions, has other properties consisting in eliminating the effect of high-temperature gas on the parts of the pneumatic actuator. This eliminates their destruction upon repeated operation. The available forces intended to move the pistons of the pump increase significantly. The listed technical solutions increase the reliability of the device.

By introducing a pneumatic capacity and an adjustable stop into the device, the complete 5th note of fuel combustion is improved.

The drawing shows a diagram of the apparatus.

The apparatus contains a water-air tank 1, a barrel 2 with a nozzle, a locking device 3, a combustion chamber 4, respectively, pipes 5-9 for water supply, fuel supply, air supply to the combustion chamber, drain, exhaust, nozzle (nozzle block) 10, ignition device 11 , differential piston 12, housing 13, supra-piston cavity 14 of small diameter, fuel tank 15, supra-piston cavity 16 of large diameter, nozzle 17, pressure valve 18, piston 19, outer cavity 20 of the nozzle, line 21 for supplying air to the combustion chamber, relay 22 pressure, pneumatic spindle 23, nozzles 24, 26, 27, 35, intermediate cavity 25, stop 28, check valves 29 - 32, wheel chassis 33, compressor 34, pressure sensor 36, fixed contacts 37 of the electrical ignition network.

The apparatus consists of a water-air tank 1, in communication with the barrel 2, on which the nozzles and the locking device 3. are installed.

The tank 1 is equipped with a combustion chamber 4, nozzles 5-9 for supplying water, fuel, air, water, draining the exhaust of the combustion products, respectively, as well as a nozzle (or nozzle block) 10 and an ignition device 11 located in the wall of the combustion chamber.

The fuel supply system of the apparatus consists of a differential piston 12 located in the housing 13. A small diameter nadporshne cavity 14 is in communication with the fuel tank 15 and the nozzle 10 located in the wall of the combustion chamber.

The supramental cavity 16 is in communication with the channel with the internal cavity of the nozzle 17 of the pressure limit valve 18.

The nozzle 17 is closed by the end face of the spring-loaded piston 19. The outer cavity 20 of the nozzle is in communication with the duct 21 for supplying air to the combustion chamber.

The suprapercussion cavity 16 is also communicated by a channel with a pressure switch 22, which is equipped with a pressure sensor 36 acting as an ignition interrupter.

Pressure switch 22 is installed in the pneumatic system of the fuel pump and is provided with fixed contacts 37 of the electrical ignition network, which the interrupter closes.

Said network has a device, for example, an electronic one, which provides a time delay for the receipt of an electrical command from relay 22 to ignition device 11 (the electronic device is not shown in Fig. 1).

Instead of an electronic device providing a temporary ignition delay, a pneumatic reservoir 23 with an inlet jet 35 can be used.

installed in the pressure supply line to the relay 22 and communicated through the nozzle 24 to the atmosphere.

The pneumatic capacity 23 is inferior to the electronic 5 device in weight and dimensions, however, it is more reliable when operating in the field.

The stroke of the differential piston 12 is limited by a stop 28, which is height adjustable.

Check valves 29 to 32 eliminate backflows of fuel, gases, and water.

The apparatus is located on the frame of the wheeled chassis 33.

5 The device operates in cycles (pulses) as follows. Through the nozzle 5, water is poured into the tank 1 to a predetermined level A, while the exhaust nozzle 9 is open. After filling the tank 1 with water, the pipe 9

0, the exhaust closes and the compressed air from the compressor 34 begins to fill the cavity of the combustion chamber 4 and the cavity 20 of the pressure relief valve 18.

With increasing air pressure in combustion chamber 4, the pressure in the cavity 25 increases. Since the cavity 16 is in communication with the atmosphere, the pressure differential between the cavities 16 and 25 increases. As a result, the differential piston 12

0- moves by sucking into the cavity 14 fuel (e.g. gasoline) from the tank 15. The differential piston moves until it touches the stop 28.

With an increase in air pressure in the main line 21 (up to 8 kgf / cm), the piston 19 overcomes the spring force under the influence of this pressure and, displaced relative to the nozzle 17, allows compressed air to enter the cavity 16 and the pressure switch line 22 s

0. pressure sensor 36,

Under pressure, the differential piston 12 moves, displacing the fuel from the cavity 14 into the combustion chamber 4, while the fuel flows through the nozzle 10 5, spraying in the volume of the combustion chamber 4.

Under pressure, the pressure sensor membrane 36 closes the electrical network of the ignition system.

0 However, the voltage on the ignition device 11 does not appear immediately, but with a delay, for example, due to the action of an electronic device providing a time delay for the receipt of the electric command of relay 22 to the ignition device 11 (the electronic device is not shown). A delay is necessary to ensure complete displacement of the fuel from the cavity 14 and the distribution of atomized fuel throughout the entire volume of the combustion chamber 4 until a spark appears on the ignition device 11.

When applied to achieve a time delay of ignition of a pneumatic reservoir 23, the device operates as follows. After the valve 18 is activated, the spark on the ignition device 11 appears after filling the container 23 with compressed air through the nozzle 35. The required ignition delay time is achieved by selecting the volume of the container 23 and the passage section of the nozzle 35.

With the appearance of a spark, the fuel mixture ignites and burns, while the pressure in the combustion chamber rises to 70 kgf / cm. The automatic control system opens the valve 3 and water through the barrel 2 with the nozzle is ejected from the apparatus in a predetermined direction. Following the water, combustion gases flow out through the barrel and nozzles.

After that, the next cycle of the apparatus starts automatically.

As the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere changes, the mass of air entering the volume of the combustion chamber changes. . Moreover, if the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber remains constant, a deviation of the fuel-air ratio from the optimum value occurs. The latter leads to excessive consumption of fuel and the release of environmentally harmful products of incomplete combustion of fuel into the atmosphere,

To eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages of the device, it is necessary to change the amount of fuel supplied to the invention when the temperature of the air changes.

Claims (4)

1. A pulsed sprinkler apparatus, including a barrel with a nozzle, a water tank, a combustion chamber, an air supply line to the combustion chamber, a fuel pump pneumatic drive system with a differential piston placed in the housing, a nadporshne cavity of small diameter in communication with the fuel tank and nozzle located in the wall of the combustion chamber, an electric network of ignition by an ignition interrupter of a combustible mixture, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability in operation, the ignition interrupter is designed as a sensor yes phenomena, and the pneumatic drive system of the fuel pump is equipped with an extreme pressure valve and a pressure switch, with a large diameter torsion cavity measure of burning. To this end, a height-adjustable stop 28 is installed in the housing wall, restricting the movement of the differential piston. Position the stop is set depending on the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. This allows you to provide fuel in the amount necessary for its complete combustion, When performing the apparatus for an increased volume of splashing water, it is necessary to increase the volume of the combustion chamber. However, with a significant size of the combustion chamber, spraying fuel alone the nozzle does not provide the necessary quality of the mixture formation (the necessary uniformity of the mixture of both fuel and air). The latter leads to incomplete combustion of fuel. Therefore, with the dimensions of the combustion chamber, for example, greater than 0.5 m3, the fuel should be sprayed through the nozzle block, which is a set of nozzles placed in the wall of the combustion chamber in a certain order selected according to the experimental results, while the nozzle cavities are communicated by a channel which is supplied with fuel. The use of the invention in long-range pulsed sprinkler irrigation systems will improve their operational properties: increase reliability to a value at which it becomes appropriate to use the apparatus for irrigating agricultural crops, hayfields and pastures; reduce fuel consumption by 10%; reduce emissions polluting the atmosphere. the differential piston is in communication with the pressure switch and, through the pressure limit valve, with the air supply manifold, the combustion chamber, the piston cavity. the larger diameter communicates with the piston cavity of small diameter, the piston cavity of small diameter through the check valve with the fuel tank, and the intermediate cavity through the nozzle with combustion chamber atmosphere and air supply line. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to provide a predetermined time delay for ignition, a pneumatic reservoir with an inlet nozzle in communication with the atmosphere is installed in the air supply line to the pressure sensor - the ignition circuit breaker. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, with the exception that, in order to increase the completeness of combustion, in order to improve the quality of the mixture of fuel when the temperature of development is different, in the wall of the combustion chamber environment, a nozzle block is mounted on the housing wall, the cavities of which have a new height-adjustable stop for communicating with the channel, restricting the movement of the differential piston.