RU1792241C - Device for measuring consumption of seeds and mineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agricultural machinery and can be used in sowing machines and machines for applying fertilizers and granular pesticides. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the invention improves the accuracy of measurements with a wide range of changes in the density of the seed material due to the installation of two additional inductors having an inductive coupling with the first coil connected in parallel to the plates of the sensing element, which provides galvanic isolation between the measuring circuit and the signal processing circuit and reduces the influence on the measured signal of stray capacitances, and the connection parallel to the second coil trimmer condensate The two and two interconnected varicaps allow changing the frequency of the high-frequency generator by changing the voltage on the varicaps using a microcomputer, thereby performing the calibration mode necessary to compensate for changes in the sensor characteristics resulting from fluctuations in air humidity and buildup on sensitive dust plates, particles of seeds, etc. With the help of a humidity sensor installed in the filling hopper of the agricultural machine, the value of the measured signal is adjusted depending on the presence of moisture in the sowing material. 2 ill. ate with 4 OK ND b

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines and machines for applying mineral fertilizers and granular pesticides. -.

A portable seed sowing control sensor is known, consisting of a funnel, a connecting pipe with cuts, a seed flow divider and a sensing element. When sowing seeds, slipping along

the surfaces of the seed, flow divider, pass through the funnel to the sensing element, which receives shock from the seeds and generates electrical impulses, the number of which is proportional to the number of seeds supplied by the metering unit.

The main fundamental disadvantage of the sensor is its effect on the flight path of seeds, which is significant

with

reduces the uniform distribution of the intervals between the seeds in the furrow. In addition, the installation of a sensor element in the path of the seed increases the likelihood of a plug in the conduit.

There are no such drawbacks of the device for monitoring seed sowing with proximity sensors, the most widely used among KOTopfeiSf are devices with photoelectric sensors.

A photoelectric sensor is known which, to improve the quality of the control of the seed sowing process, is equipped with an additional photodetector with a control circuit containing a resistor and an operational amplifier with direct and inverse inputs. The direct input of the operational amplifier is connected to one of the electrodes of the additional photo-receiver, the second electrode of which is connected to the inverse input of the operational amplifier. The output of the operational amplifier is connected to the light source .. An additional photodetector is installed in the sensor housing on the same vertical line with the light source and in the zone of its operation.

Significant disadvantages of this sensor include its low noise immunity from dust from the light source and photodetector. insufficient mechanical strength of the elements of the system, as well as the impossibility of counting Sem n at the simultaneous arrival of two and more sem n in the sensitive zone of the sensor. - - - ..

Also known is the Pioneer-1 automatic monitoring and alarm system developed by the American company Pioneer tehnology (a branch of Pioneer Systems) ..

The highlight of the system is an electronic sensor consisting of a generator and a receiver. The generator generates a transverse electromagnetic signal field in the plastic wire. As the seed passes, the characteristics of the signal field change, which is immediately perceived by the receiver. The sensor is insensitive to dust wires adhering to the walls of the dust, seed coat, and light. -.

The disadvantages of this system include, first of all, the impossibility of counting the seeds during the day: about 7% of the sensitive area of the sensor is two and more seeds, in addition, this system does not allow to measure the consumption of seeds or mineral fertilizers when at the sowing outlet

apparatus there is a dense flow of seed.

Closest to the invention in terms of technological nature is the Niva information system.

The Niva system is installed on beet seedlings and allows using the sensor placed in the opener of the seedlings to quickly monitor the sowing process by measuring the flow of seeds in the control areas of long m.

The sensitive element of the sensor is made in the form of two plates, which appear as capacitor plates, between which the entire seed flow passes during sowing. The sensor is included in the circuit of the oscillator, generating a high-frequency electromagnetic field between the plates. The principle of operation of the sensor is based on a change in the dielectric constant of the medium as it passes between the sensitive seed plates. In this case, an electrical pulse is generated at the output of the sensor, the number of which is equal to the number of sown seeds.

When dust, seeds, etc., adhere to the plate, the amplifier automatically adjusts the sensor.

Measurement of the path traveled by the unit is carried out by a sensor mounted on. jockey wheel Signals from the sensor enter the control unit installed in the tractor cab. After the unit has passed control section I, the value of seed flow is displayed on the digital indicator of the control unit.

The main disadvantages of the Niea system are, first of all, that it allows the measurement of norms only when the seeds flying separately in the sensitive area of the sensor. The simultaneous passage through the sensor of two or more seeds is registered by the known device as one seed, which leads to loss of information and to significant errors in the measurements. In this regard, the indicated device cannot be used to measure the flow of seeds and mineral fertilizers when a dense flow of the sowing material takes place at the exit of the sowing device.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurements and improve the operational parameters of the device, providing the ability to measure the flow of seeds and fertilizers with a wide range of changes in the density of the seed material.

The goal is achieved in that a device for measuring the flow of seeds and mineral fertilizers containing a sensing element made in the form of two insulated plates, which are plates of a capacitor included in the circuit of a high-frequency generator installed in the zone of passage of the flow of seeds or mineral fertilizers, a signal amplifier , a path sensor connected through a communication device to a system trunk communicating with the microcomputer is electrically connected to the display unit and the correction unit in order to increase To improve the accuracy of measurement and improve the operational parameters of the device, which provides the measurement of seed and mineral fertilizer consumption over a wide range of changes in the density of the sowing material, the device is equipped with two additional inductors, inductively coupled to a coil connected in parallel to the plates of the sensing element, and the second coil is connected with its outputs to the collector outputs of the transistor assembly of the high-frequency generator, parallel to the second coil are connected under a three-way capacitor and two varicaps interconnected, the connection point of the first collector output of the transistor assembly and the output of the second coil connected through the capacitor to the second base output of the transistor assembly and the input of the resistor, the output of the latter connected to the housing, and the connection point of the second collector output of the second coil connected to the input of the capacitor and to the negative pole of the power source, and the output of the capacitor is connected to the housing, the emitter inputs of the transistor assembly is combined between each other and through a resistor and a filtering capacitor connected in parallel to each other, connected to the positive pole of the power source, with the first base output of the transistor assembly connected to the housing, in turn, the connection point between the varicaps is connected via a tuning voltage amplifier to the digital-to-analog output a third inductance coil is connected through a detecting diode to the input of the first signal amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the second signal amplifier To the information input of the first key, the output of the second signal amplifier is connected to the information input of the second key, in turn, the information input of the third key is in electrical communication with the humidity sensor, while the information outputs of the first.

the second and third keys are combined and connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter, and the control inputs of the keys are connected to the corresponding outputs

5 of a register connected by a system bus to a microcomputer, which also has a system bus connection to digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters.

0 New significant features.

1. The device is equipped with two additional inductors, I have. inductively coupled to a coil connected in parallel with the plates of the sensing element.

2. The second coil with its outputs is connected to the collector outputs of the transistor assembly of the high-frequency generator, parallel to the second coil

0, a tuning capacitor and two varicaps counterclosed to each other are connected, while the connection point of the first collector output of the transistor assembly and the output of the second coil is connected via 5. cut the capacitor with the second base output of the transistor assembly and the input of the resistor, the output of the latter is connected to the housing, and the connection point of the second collector output to the output of the second battery is connected to the input of the capacitor and to the negative pole of the power source. they are connected, and the output of the capacitor is connected to the housing , the emitter inputs of the transi with that r n Oh assembly are connected together and through a resistor and

5, a filtering capacitor connected in parallel to each other is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, the first basic output of the transistor assembly being connected to the housing.

03. The interconnection point of the varicaps is connected via a tuning voltage amplifier to the output of a digital-to-analog converter, which is connected via a system bus to a mic5 computer.

4. A third inductor is connected through a detecting diode to the input of the first signal amplifier, the output of which 0 through the first key is connected to the input of an analog-to-digital converter connected by a system trunk to a microcomputer.

5. The output of the first signal amplifier is also connected to the input of the second signal amplifier, the output of which is electrically connected through the second key to the input of the analog-to-digital converter.

6. The humidity sensor with an electrical output is connected to the information input of the third key, the output of which is connected

to the input of an analog-to-digital converter. . . .

7. The control inputs of the first, second, and third keys are connected to the corresponding outputs of the register connected by the main line to the microcomputer.

The distinguished features, together with the known ones, provide a positive effect, which consists in increasing the accuracy of measurements with a wide range of changes in the density of the seed, due to the installation of two additional inductors having an inductive coupling with a coil connected in parallel with n / g. 0th element, which provides galvanic isolation between the measuring circuit and the signal processing circuit of parasitic capacitors, and the connection of the outputs of the second to the collector outputs of the transistor assembly of a high-frequency generator and parallel to the second coil of the tuning capacitor and two mutually interconnected varicaps, while the connection point of the collector output of the transistor assembly and the output of the second coil is connected through the capacitor to the second base output of the transistor assembly and the input of the resistor, the output of the collector output with the output of the second coil is connected to the input of the capacitor and to the negative pole of the power supply, the output is condensate a is connected to the housing, and a connection is connected to the supply of emitter inputs of the transistor assembly through a parallel-connected resistor and filter capacitor kg to the positive pole of the power supply, and connecting the first base output of the transistor side to the housing allows you to; change the voltage across the varicaps high-frequency generator, thereby performing the calibration mode necessary to compensate for changes in the characteristics of the sensor resulting from fluctuations in humidity sticking to sensitive dust plates, particles of seeds, etc. Connecting the connection points between the varicaps via the tuning voltage amplifier to the output of the digital-to-analog converter, which is connected via a system line to the microcomputer, allows the sensor to be calibrated in automatic mode during technological stops of the unit in the absence of seed material between the sensitive plates.

Connecting the output of the third inductor through a detecting diode to the input of the first signal amplifier, the output of which through the first key is connected to the input of an analog-to-digital converter, which is connected via a system line to a microcomputer, allows you to control the signal change during calibration of the sensor and during measurements of the flow rate material, and connecting the output of the first signal amplifier to the input of the second signal amplifier, the output connected through the second key to the input of the analog-to-digital converter, allows It can additionally amplify the signal from the sensor to a value convenient for processing a microcomputer when measuring small expenses, for example, the costs of seeds of vegetable crops. The presence of a Humidity Sensor of the sowing material installed in the filling hopper of the agricultural machine and connected via a third key to the digital-analog input converter, allows you to adjust the value of the measured signal. depending on the presence of moisture in the sowing material, the connection of the control inputs of the first, second and third keys to the corresponding outputs of the register connected by the system line to the microcomputer allows you to automatically switch the device to the sensor calibration mode according to the program stored in the microcomputer memory, either to the moisture measurement mode of the seed to be sown, or to the measurement mode of the seed rate.

... Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for measuring the flow of seeds and mineral fertilizers.

Figure 2 shows a graph of the voltage at the input of the ADC versus the frequency of the sensor generator.

The sensitive element of the device is two insulated plates T (Fig. 1), installed in the zone of passage of seeds or mineral fertilizers 2 and appearing as plates of a capacitor connected in parallel to the inductor 3. The coil 3 is mounted on one frame with two additional coils 4 and 5, which provides inductive coupling between them and galvanic isolation between the measuring circuit and the signal processing circuit. The second coil 4, with its outputs, is connected to the collector outputs of the transistor assembly b of a high-frequency generator, a trimmer capacitor and two varicapes 8 and 9 counter-connected to each other are connected parallel to the second coil 4, while

the connection point of the first collector output of the transistor assembly 6 and the output of the second coil 4 is connected through a capacitor 10 to the second base output of the transistor assembly b and the input of the resistor 11, the output of the latter is connected to the housing, and the connection point of the second collector output of the transistor assembly 6 with the output of the second coil 4 is connected to the input of the capacitor 12 and to the negative pole of the power supply .-, and the output of the capacitor 12 is connected to the housing. The emitter inputs of the transistor assembly 6 are connected to each other and through a resistor 13 and a filtering capacitor 14, connected in parallel, connected to the positive pole of the power supply +, the first output of the transistor assembly 6 being connected to the housing. The connection point between the varicaps 8 and 9 is connected through the tuning voltage amplifier 15 to the output of the digital-to-analog converter 16. The output of the third inductor 5 is connected through the detection diode 17 to the input of the first amplifier 18 at the signal, the output of which is connected to the input of the second signal amplifier 19 and to the information input of the first key 20, the output of the second signal amplifier 19 is connected to the information input of the second key 21. while the humidity sensor 23 is connected to the information input of the third key 22, in stve which can be applied, for example, industrial firms sensor Valvo (Vigleb G. sensors - M .; Mir, 1989). The information outputs of the first, second, and third keys 20/21, 22 are combined and connected to an analog-to-digital converter 24, and the control inputs of these keys are connected to the corresponding outputs of registers 25, which can be used as an LSI KR580 BB55. As keys 20, .21, 22, K 176 KT1 or K 561 KTZ switches or multiplexers - K 561 KP2 or K 561 KSh demultiplexers can be used. The digital-analog converter 24, the register 25 and the communication element 26 (for example, a programmable timer КР 580 ВИ53) (to the input of the last of which is connected to the electrical output of the sensor 27 of the path) are connected to the microcomputer 28 of the system 29, the microcomputer 28 has an electrical connection with the block 30 indication and correction unit 31 and is performed on standardized elements of a programmable set (Drozdov NV, Miroshnik IV, Skrubsky IV Automatic control systems with microcomputers. L .: Mashinostroenie, 1989).

The device for measuring the flow of seeds and mineral fertilizers operates according to the program stored in the memory of the microcomputer 28, as follows. 5Before you start work, after refueling the sowing unit with the sowing material, you must use the correction unit 31 to configure the device for a specific type of sowing crop or

0 type of mineral fertilizer. In this case, from the memory of the microcomputer 28, the type and coefficients of the equation obtained at the time of the test are selected and the voltage at the output of the sensor with the corresponding measured flow rate is 1B.

Before starting measurements, the microcomputer automatically calibrates the sensor. Calibration is necessary to compensate for changes in the characteristics of the capacitor, including the plates 1, which occur as a result of fluctuations in air humidity and dusting on dust plates, particles of seeds, etc. Calibration is performed before starting work and at the time of 5 m of the measured substance between sensitive g | | / g 1.

In calibration mode, the microcomputer 28 closes the key 20 through the register 25, opens the keys 21 and 22, and through the digital-analog

0 converter 16 and gain 15 of the tuning voltage gradually, starting from zero, increases the voltage on varicaps 8 and 9. In this case, the frequency of the high-frequency generator assembled

5 at the transistor assembly 6. At the same time, the voltage at the output of the third inductor 5 changes, which, through the detecting diode 17, is supplied to the amplifier 18, where it is amplified to the required value and fed to the analog-to-digital converter 24 through a closed key 20.

Figure 2 shows a graphical dependence of the voltage at the input of analog5 of the digital Converter 24 on the frequency

high frequency generator. From schedule

it is seen that with an increase in the frequency of the generator. of the torus, an increase in the voltage at the input of the analog-digital

0 converter 24, then its decrease. In this case, the maximum value of the measured voltage Vmax (Fig. 2) will be at that moment when the frequency fo of the high-frequency generator assembled on the transistor

5 assembly 6 (FIG. 1), coincides with the self-oscillation frequency of the circuit, consisting of the sensitive plates 1 and the first inductor 3 ,. During the calibration process, the signals are received from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 24 via the system

line 29 in the microcomputer 28, where the maximum voltage value and the corresponding voltage at the output of the digital-to-analog converter 16 are determined. This voltage is fixed and maintained by the microcomputer 28 during the measurement process. Thus, the high-frequency generator assembled on the transistor assembly 6 will be tuned to the frequency that corresponds to the maximum value of the measured signal. If during the process of operation the sticking of insensitive dust plates 1 of dust, particles of seeds, etc., is fixed, the self-oscillation frequency of the contour will change. To compensate for this, the microcomputer 28 during the next technological shutdown will automatically repeat the calibration, as a result of which a new frequency fo will be determined (Fig. 2), corresponding to the maximum signal value vmax.

After the calibration step of the microcomputer 28, controlling the register 25 through the system line 29, disconnecting the key 20 and closing the key 22. In this mode, using the humidity sensor 23 installed in the seed box or refueling hopper of the agricultural machine, the moisture of the seed is measured as follows .

The signal from the humidity sensor 23 through a closed key 22 enters the analog-to-digital converter 24, where it is converted to a code and fed through the system bus 29 to the microcomputer 28. Therefore, the signal, according to the calibration characteristics of the humidity sensor 23, the microcomputer 28 determines the moisture of the seed material w.

After that, the device automatically switches to the flow measurement mode as follows, Microcomputer 28, controlling register 25 through the system line 29, opens key 22 and closes either key 20 or key 21. With key 20 closed, the output signal from the loss of coil 5 through the detection diode 17 and the signal amplifier 18 is fed to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 24. This mode is necessary when measuring large flow rates (for example, fertilizers or seeds) when a large signal gain is not required ..

When the key 21 is closed, the signal from the output of the third coil 5 through the detecting diode 17 and the first sinal amplifier 18 is fed to the input of the second signal amplifier 19, where it is further amplified and fed to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 24. This mode is necessary when measuring low flows (for example ,

consumption of seeds of vegetables during sowing with villages like СО-4,2, СУПО-6, СУПО-9, etc.), when a significant amplification of the measured signal is required.

When the unit moves during a technological operation, the flow of seed 2 passes between the sensitive plates 1. As a result, the dielectric properties of the medium between the sensitive plates 1 change and, as a result, the self-oscillation frequency of the circuit consisting of the sensitive plates 1 and as a result, the self-oscillation frequency of the circuit, consisting of the sensitive plates 1 and the first inductor 3, 3 is changed. As the self-oscillation frequency decreases to f (Fig. 2), the voltage decreases signal up to vi, coming from the output of the third inductor 5 (Fig. 1) through the detecting diode 17, through the first signal amplifier 18 (if necessary, and through the second signal amplifier 19), through a closed key 20 (or 21) to the analog input -digital converter 24, Here, the measured voltage is converted to COD and through the main line 29 enters the microcomputer 28, where the necessary calculations are made. Calculations are made according to

equations obtained by calibrating the sensor for various types of crops and types of fertilizers. In general, this equation is written as

0Y - Vi - FI (W),

where Qw is the amount of the measured substance between sensitive

plates 1; Vmax - maximum setting voltage, V; V1 is the voltage i measured, V; Fi (W) - change in the measured signal due to the presence of moisture in the seed.

From the values obtained as a result of these calculations and from the signals received from the speed sensor 27 through the communication element 26 and through the system highway 29 to the microcomputer 28, the quantity of the sowing material is calculated

q K T1 Q (0 / Vt, kg / ha (pcs / m, g / m, t / ha),

- eleven

where the K-conversion coefficient is l Q. the amount of substance passed through the sensitive sensor of the sensor per unit time, g / s; Vt is the speed of the unit, m / s.

The calculation results are displayed in the display unit 30. Based on these results, it is judged that the unit is correctly configured for the required modes and about the quality of its operation and, if necessary, make a decision for the appropriate adjustments.

Thus, this device allows you to:

- to increase the accuracy of measurements due to the possibility of recording not only separately flying seeds in the sensitive area of the sensor, but also the number of simultaneously flying seeds. And, as you know, the simultaneous passage of two or more seeds during dashed sowing is a violation of the technological process and requires appropriate measures;

Claims (1)

- increase the versatility of the device due to the possibility of measuring costs with a wide range of changes in the density of the seed material. Using the proposed device, it is possible to measure seed consumption with dashed, nesting, seed methods of sowing and measure the flow of mineral fertilizers without significant changes in its design and layout. Only the location and shape of the sensitive plates 1, depending on the design of the sowing or fertilizer sowing device, can be changed. The formula is invented. A device for measuring the flow of seeds and mineral fertilizers containing a path sensor, connected via an output element through a communication element and through a system highway to a microcomputer of an information processing system including a first signal amplifier, the input of the microcomputer being connected respectively, with the output of the correction unit and the input of the display unit, and a flow meter of the seed, the sensitive element of which is made in the form of a capacitor included in the oscillating circuit of the high-frequency generator a, including a main inductor, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of measurement and improve the operational parameters of the device, it is equipped with a moisture sensor of the seed, and the flow sensor of the seed is equipped with two additional coils . . -:. : / .. inductance inductively coupled to the main inductor, while the terminals of the first additional inductor are connected to the collector outputs of the transistor assembly of the high-frequency generator, and a trimming capacitor and two varicap interconnected in parallel are connected to the first additional inductor, the first basic output of the transistor assembly of the high-frequency the generator is grounded, and the first collector output through the first capacitor is connected to the second basic input transistor assembly and the first output of the first resistor, the second output of which is grounded, while the second collector output of the high-frequency generator is connected to the negative pole of the power source and to the first side of the second capacitor, the second side of which is grounded, and the emitter inputs of the transistor assembly of the high-frequency generator are combined through the second resistor connected to the positive pole of the source and to ° the first lining of the filtering capacitor, the second lining of which is grounded, and the system Information processing is equipped with a tuning voltage amplifier, digital-to-analog converter, a second signal amplifier, a detecting diode, three keys, an analog-digital converter and a register, while the common connection point of the varicaps is connected via a tuning voltage amplifier to the output of the digital-to-analog converter, a system line with a microcomputer, an analog-to-digital converter and a register, the first output of the second additional inductor being grounded, and the second output being black h the detector diode and the first signal amplifier are connected in series to the input of the second amplifier and the information input of the first key, while the information inputs of the second and third keys are connected respectively to the outputs of the second signal amplifier and humidity sensor, and the information outputs of the keys are combined and connected to the analog input - a digital converter, and the control inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the register. Moprzhemie "a b" o ADC nЈ Compiled by I. Teplinsky Editor A. Pavlovsk Tehred M. Morgenthal Corrector N. Buchok  -. Mr. Mazhguimaar. - ..-. Order 160 Mintage Subscription VNIIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the USSR SCST 113035, Moscow, Zh-35. Rauska nab., 4/5