RU1791399C - Method of purification of natural and sewage water - Google Patents

Abstract

And it is worn for water treatment. The essence of the isodum, 1972.P. 63. ; METHOD for purifying NATURAL and other waters using the invention; discharge method: the wastewater treatment method is carried out by coagulating, settling, filtering through a granular material, followed by its regeneration by saline wastewater after regeneration of sodium cation exchange filters of water conditioning plants. As the load using quartz sand or crushed expanded clay. Using the method allows increasing the dirt capacity of the filter material by more than 1.5 times and lengthening the filter cycle of the filter material by 38%. 1 zp, f-ly.

Description

AT

And fouling relates to water treatment, in particular to the treatment of wastewater from colloidal and dispersed particles.

as a prototype adopted method

purification of natural and wastewater, including the addition of coagulants and flocculants, sedimentation of the formed sediment of coagulated particles and filtration of the diluted liquid through granular material.

The disadvantage of this method is the low cleaning efficiency associated with the low sorbent capacity of the filtering elements and the insignificant filter cycle of the main filtering process.

The chain of the invention is to increase gr. filter loading capacity and increase of fiprocycle.

The goal is achieved due to the fact that when implementing the method of purification of natural and wastewater, including kozgulifenie, sedimentation, filters

through granular material and regeneration of the filtering material according to the invention, the regeneration of the filtering material is carried out by saline wastewater after the sodium-cation exchange filters of the softening plants.

The interaction of these wastewater with loading granules causes a weakening of the adhesive bonds of the filter material with the particles of impurities, which leads to an increase in the absorption capacity of the material and thereby lengthens the filter cycle.

In addition, as a result of treatment with this solution, the surface of the loading granules becomes hydrophilic, due to which the particles of particles slip and are removed with wash water.

In addition, due to the presence of high concentrations of salts in the regeneration waters, a strong disinfecting effect is observed, leading to death

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most microorganisms. The presence of microorganisms in the water to be treated, in addition to worsening its quality, strengthens the bonds of cleaning the contaminants with the material of the filter media, which leads to the formation of a hard-to-remove layer in the filter material, and in turn reduces the dirt capacity and shortens the filter cycle.

The method is carried out as follows. .

The purified water is treated with a coagulant solution, after which, after a certain time, a flocculant solution. The resulting suspension is settled, and then the supernatant is filtered through a granular porous charge until the desired filtrate quality parameters are reduced. When this is achieved, the filter is turned off and the process of restoring its sorption capacity is carried out. To do this, wastewater is supplied to the filter from the bottom up after regeneration of the sodium-cation exchange filters, this process is stopped when the turbidity of the incoming and outgoing solution is equal. . Example 1. To a liter of water of the Vychegda River, a solution of alumina sulfate with a dose of 0.6 mEq / l was added, stirred for 2 minutes, flocculant polyacrylammd with a dose of 0.5 mg / l was added and sedimented 1 h. After that, it is filtered through a laboratory filter with a diameter of 100 mm, loaded with quartz sand, fractions of 0.7-1.2 mm at a speed of 7 m / h. Then the filtration is stopped, the river water supply is turned off, and sewage is fed from the bottom up after the regeneration of sodium cation exchange filters with an intensity of 14 l / s2. These wastewaters have the following physicochemical parameters: color - 21 degrees HKSH, turbidity - 0.8 mg / l, hardness - 56 mEq / l, sodium ion content - 234 mEq / l, chloride ions - 518 mEq / L. In this case, the filter load is in a fluidized state. Wastewater is passed through for 5 minutes, after which the washing is stopped and the filtering unit is assembled according to the working scheme. Filtration is carried out until the pressure loss is increased by -0.03 mPa; after 5 minutes, filtrate samples are taken to determine physicochemical and microbiological quality indicators. By color, turbidity, hardness, and iron and aluminum contents, all water samples meet the requirements of GOST for drinking water. In addition, the general

the number of bacteria averages 26 in 1 ml of water, and the coli index is 1.

Next, the earthquake and filter cycle are compared for two filtration series. The dirt capacity in the first case was 41 mg / dm of filter material, in the second - 79 mg / dm3. At the same time, the load capacity increased 1.93 times, and the filter cycle - by 32%.

Example 2. To 10 l of water of the Vuoksa river, a solution of alumina sulfate with a dose of 0.4 mEq / l is added, stirred for 2 minutes, flocculant nt-polyacrylamide with a dose of 0.4 mg / l is added , stirred for 1 min and allowed to stand for 1 h. Filter the settled water through a laboratory filter with a diameter of 100 mm loaded with crushed expanded clay of a fraction of 0.8-1.8 mm at a speed of 7 m / h to increase the pressure loss on the filter by 0.03 MPa . Stop filtering, turn off the flow of river water, and then begin to supply the filter from the bottom up with an intensity of 14 l / s.m2 wastewater after regeneration of sodium-cation exchange filters. These wastewaters have the following physicochemical quality indicators: chromaticity - 21 deg. HKSH, turbidity - 0.6 mg / l, hardness - 71 mEq / l, sodium ion content - 184 mEq / l, chloride ions - 397 mEq / L.

In this case, the filter load is in a fluidized state. Wastewater was passed through for 8 minutes, after which the washing was stopped and the filtering unit was assembled according to the working scheme. The coagulated and settled water is again filtered through a filter charge to increase the pressure loss by 0.03 MPa, determining the physicochemical and microbiological quality indicators of the filtrate. The total number of microorganisms (bacteria) is on average 34 in 1 ml of filtrate, the index is 1. The comparison of the dirt capacity for two filtration series indicates that in the first case it is 32 mg / dm of filter material, in the second - 93 mg / dm3. At the same time, the load capacity increased 2.9 times, and the filter cycle - by 36%,

A comparison of the proposed method was carried out with the widespread method of coagulating, settling and filtering water through granular materials, adopted as a prototype. In accordance with the prototype method, the source water with quality indicators, as in the example of the proposed method, was treated with the same doses of coagulant - alumina sulfate and flocculant - prliacrylamide and filtered through such

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the same column loaded with quartz sand. Filtration continued until then. priest rubbed pressure did not reach 0.03 MPa. To this end, a backwash of the feed load was carried out with ascending, filtered water with an intensity of / cm2 until the turbidity of the incoming and outgoing flows was equal. I determined the amount of suspended solids in continuous waters and calculated the dirt capacity of the cleaning material. In this case, gе - amounted to 46.2 mg / dm3. After that, coagulated and separated water is filtered, determining every 5 minutes the physicochemical and microbiological; quality. The total number of bacteria Avilo on average 92 in 1 ml of water, if-2.

As can be seen from the comparison of the claimed method and the prototype method, in the first case

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more often, the filter draft is 1.71 times higher, and the filter cycle is extended by 38%. The content of bacteria in the filtered water decreases by 1.6 times, the coli index - by 2 times.

Claims (2)

1. A method of purification of natural and waste water, including coagulation, settling, filtering through a granular charge, regeneration of the charge, characterized in that, in order to increase the load capacity of the load and increase the filter cycle with a high degree of water purification, the charge is regenerated by wastewater Na-cation exchange filters of water conditioning plants. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that silica sand or crushed expanded clay is used as a granular charge. .