RU1786014C - Process for producing hydrocarbon gases - Google Patents

Abstract

The bituminous rock is irradiated with ultraviolet and visible radiation with a wavelength of 250-800 nm when heated to 260-595 ° C. The gas yield is up to 82.74%, the gas contains up to 99.2% Ci-Cz hydrocarbons. s and yo

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing hydrocarbon gases from petroleum bitumen. mineral deposits and may find application in the oil refining and petrochemical industries.

Known methods for the separation of hydrocarbon feed from oil bituminous rocks by extraction with various solvents,

The solvent extraction method is designed to separate hydrocarbon feed from oil bituminous rocks (NBP) and prepare it for processing at refineries. Solvents such as kerosene, gas oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, normal low boiling hydrocarbons such as hexane and others are used. Typically, these processes are accompanied by the formation of emulsions and foams, which require additional processing and purification of the recovered petroleum products. The main disadvantages of these processes include the high cost and scarcity of the used extractants, which significantly reduces the profitability of plants for the extraction of hydrocarbon feed from NBP. The hydrocarbon feed from NBP extracted by the extraction method is then used in conventional secondary processing processes such as cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, and coking.

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The process of processing hydrocarbon feedstocks of petroleum tar rocks is known, bypassing the stage of preliminary separation of the hydrocarbon portion by direct cracking of petroleum tar rocks, which consists in the gradual heating of petroleum tar rocks in a laboratory reactor from 220 to 400 ° C in a stream of nitrogen supplied from the bottom at a rate of 2 cm2 / g min As a result, 3-5% of gaseous and 28-32% of liquid hydrocarbons are formed, boiling up to 345-350 ° C (wt.% Per rock). The gas contains 3-5 mol% of ethylene, 8-10% of propylene and 7-11% of butylenes.

The main product of thermocatalytic cracking is liquid hydrocarbons, the yield of gaseous hydrocarbons is negligible, while the most valuable raw materials for the petrochemical industry are gaseous hydrocarbons and especially unsaturated compounds that can serve as raw materials for the polymer industry. The disadvantages of this method are the low yield of gaseous products, significant energy costs, the use of inert gas, which additionally leads to a costlier process, environmental pollution.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of hydrocarbon gases.

The goal is achieved by the proposed method, according to which oil bituminous rocks are irradiated with ultraviolet and visible radiation with a wavelength of 250-800 nm at atmospheric pressure,

Irradiation is carried out in a quartz reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, whereby the condensed products are again fed into the reactor. Gaseous products are collected in a gas meter. The composition of the photolysis gases is determined by gas adsorption chromatography.

A mercury quartz lamp is used as a radiation source. DRL-250, in the range of 250-800 nm.

The photolysis temperature is not selected, but is established in the process of absorption by the quantum quanta of radiation hv and the degradation of part of the energy into vibrational energy and is detected by a thermocouple at a distance of 1-2 mm from the bottom of the reaction flask.

As raw materials, samples of bituminous rocks of the Mortuk deposit of Western Kazakhstan were used. The hydrocarbon content of 15.9 wt.%. elemental composition of the hydrocarbon portion, wt.%: C52.7; H 11.7; S 1.1; N + 04.5.

Example 1. 9.86 g of bituminous rock of the Mortuk deposit is placed in a quartz flask and irradiated with a DRL-250 mercury-quartz lamp (operating mode J

3.25; U 220 V) for 2 hours 30 minutes In this case, the photolysis temperature at a distance of 1 mm from the bottom of the reaction flask varies with time from 320 to 560 ° C. As a result, 630 ml of gases were obtained, 8.96 g of residue. The composition of the gas mixture, wt.%: Methane 28.46; propane 4.28; propylene 18.80; butane

I, 13; butylene 6.71; divinyl 2.60; pentenes 3.10; pentadienes 0.64; hydrogen 0.82. The gas yield is 57.86% of the hydrocarbon content of hydrocarbons in a bituminous rock. The remainder of the photolysis is black carburized sand, the elemental analysis established the carbon content of 5.45 and hydrogen of 1.25 wt.%,

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Example 2. 9.63 g of bituminous rock is placed in a quartz flask and irradiated with a DRL-250 lamp for 3 h 55 min. A change in the photolysis temperature from 260 to 595 ° С was recorded. As a result, 780 ml of gases and 8.559 g of solid residue were obtained. The composition of the gas mixture, wt.%: Methane 43.17; ethane 12.05; ethylene 9.13; propane 3.75; propylene 15.87; butane 0.63;

0 butylene 7.48; divinyl 2.08; pentenes 1.66; pentadienes 0.84; benzene 1.21; hydrogen 2.10. The gas yield is 70.01% of the hydrocarbon content in the oil bituminous rock. The residue is carbonized sand of black color, in which the carbon content of 4.02 and hydrogen of 0.75 wt.% Were determined by elemental analysis. Example 3. 9.67 g of bituminous rock of the Mortuk deposit is placed in

0. A quartz flask and is irradiated with radiation from a DRL-250 lamp for 5 hours. A change in the photolysis temperature from 300 to 590 ° C is recorded. The result is 810 ml of gases and 8.48 g of a solid residue. Structure

5 gas mixtures, wt.%: Methane 36.29; ethane

II, 24; ethylene 17.03; propane 4.47; propylene 9.81; butane 1.19; butylenes 9.70; divinyl 2.12; pentenes 3.99; pentadienes 2.35; benzene 0.82; hydrogen 1.74.

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The gas yield is 83.74% by weight of the hydrocarbon content in the oil bituminous rock. The residue is black carbonized sand, in which elemental analysis the hydrocarbon content of 2.98 and hydrogen of 0.06 wt.% Was established. The choice of the radiation length of the radiation of 250-800 nm is determined by the excitation

: jt

n transitions aromatic and

heteroaromatic compounds in the wavelength region of more than 250 nm.

With an increase in the exposure time of oil bituminous rocks, the yield of hydrocarbon gases increases.

The mineral part of oil bituminous rocks (the content of which exceeds 80%) is mainly represented by fine-grained sand and meets GOST 8736-67 as a component of asphalt mixes for paving.

For the breakdown of oil bituminous rocks into hydrocarbon gases, it is possible at

change ultraviolet lamps, lasers and synchrotron radiation in the indicated wavelength range,

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for producing hydrocarbon gases by heating a bituminous rock, characterized in that what. in order to increase the yield of the target product, the raw materials are simultaneously irradiated with ultraviolet and visible radiation with a wavelength of 250-800 nm and the process is carried out at 260-595 ° C.