RU1785828C - Multispindle lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: In a multi-spindle lathe comprising a spindle drum, a main caliper system and an additional caliper system, additional calipers are placed on the spindle drum against each of the spindles and kinematically coupled to the machine body via a cam mechanism. 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to machine tool industry, in particular to multi-spindle turning machines with a rotary spindle drum.

Multi-spindle lathes are known for machining tangentially rotating bodies of bar material by a tangential turning method, comprising a rotating drum carrying spindles with preforms fixed therein. The workpieces are machined with a cutting tool fixed in the cutting units mounted on the bed. In another embodiment, the working spindles can be integrated into the bed and the cutting units are mounted on a central annular support rotatable relative to the spindles.

The large number of cutting tools involved in the cutting process and the continuous movement of the spindles relative to the cutting units due to the continuous rotation of the spindle unit or the annular tool support ensure the actual continuity of processing of parts on such machines. However, for the same reasons, these

machines have a number of significant disadvantages:

1. A large number of cutting tools leads to the complexity of setting up, reconfiguring and especially debugging the machine after dulling any tool, and this leads to a decrease in the reliability of the machine and the complexity of tool production.

2. Such machines do not have the appropriate flexibility in processing technology. Continuous rotation of the spindle block reduces the technological capabilities of the machine, since it is impossible to carry out technological operations that require a fixed stop of the part in at least one predetermined angular position, which is one of the most common modern customer requirements for lathes.

3. The complexity of the design of the drive of the central longitudinal support, the complexity of the design of the drive of special tools designed to process parts from the central support.

4. The complexity or inability to carry out almost any operation

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machining a part not related to the formation of a body of revolution, for example, radial drilling operations, groove milling and the like, which is necessary in any modern lathe.

5. In tangential turning, high speeds of rotation of the spindles are required, which requires complicating their design, the presence of special supports, a cooling system, and a special drive.

6. The continuous operation of a large number of cutting tools requires a powerful cooling system and a special system to control its wear.

Known are multi-spindle lathes with a rotary spindle drum of the sequential and parallel-sequential principle of processing parts from bar material or piece blanks by the traditional method of turning - the radial turning method, containing a spindle drum that is fixed in the processing position and rotates when moving from one processing position to another. at the same time, in the processing position, each of the spindles corresponds to one located on one of the stationary parts of the machine - the bed, erse or spindle unit housing - a cross or a compound slide, the carriage of which a cutting tool is mounted. The machine also has a central axially movable longitudinal support, the number of faces of which corresponds to the number of spindles in the spindle drum, each of which has a fixed or movable cutting tool.

A rigidly fixed spindle axis during machining, wide possibilities for the types of cutting tools and their movement relative to the workpiece compared to tangential turning machines, a small number of cutting tools, acceptable cutting speeds for the relatively simple construction of the spindle line and the working rotation drive, in addition to turning operations, almost all cutting operations provided these machines with wide technological capabilities, ease of maintenance and the setup, changeover, debugging, sufficient flexibility of processing technologies with relatively high productivity, which led to their widespread use in manufacturing. However, in productivity, machines with a sequential and parallel-sequential processing principle are inferior to the machines described above with a rotary processing principle, since they have an idle time required for all operations associated with replacing a part with a workpiece, turning the spindle unit and supplying the cutting tool 5, In practice, they try to reduce this time by quickly rotating the camshaft, which determines the movement of certain machine mechanisms in that part of the machine’s operating cycle, where ancillary operations, as well as rapid rotation of the spindle unit by mounting it to the acceleration and deceleration special mechanisms, damping devices, dynamic unloader. In semiautomatic machines, the removal of the finished part and loading of the machine with the workpiece is carried out during the working stroke, and in automatic machines of the type 1216-6K, the feeding and clamping of the bar are carried out during the rotation of the spindle block. But

0 all these measures can only reduce the idling time by an average of 1-5 s.

Closest to the technical nature of the invention is a multi-spindle lathe with an additional

5 by turning a part containing a spindle drum rotatably mounted in the machine body, spindles rotatably mounted in the spindle drum, a system of 0 longitudinal supports located on the machine body part and having the ability to feed the cutting tool during the fixed position of the spindle drum as well

5 a system of additional tangential calipers located on a machine body part and having the ability to feed the cutting tool while turning the spindle drum;

0 Advantages of a multi-spindle lathe with additional turning of the part during rotation of the spindle drum, compared with the multi-spindle described above

The 5 machines of the sequential and parallel-sequential principle of machining a part are: high productivity due to a significant reduction in the machine idle time and improved technological capabilities due to an increase in the number of part machining operations.

The main disadvantage of such a machine is the complexity of its design due to the fact that

5 on a machine turning the workpieces by the radial (in this case, longitudinal) turning method, for additional turning, tangential calipers using the method of processing parts are used

tangential turning, But since the cutting speed during tangential turning is significantly (at least 3-4 times) higher than radial turning, the design of the spindle assembly is complicated, because special support for the spindle is required, their cooling system increases the accuracy requirements for the spindle assembly . Such a machine is equipped with an additional high-speed electric drive for working rotation of the spindles, an additional kinematic chain of this drive, and if an existing drive of the main working rotation of the spindles is used as such a drive, then with an additional reduction in the rotation speed, the cutting power is significantly lost at least 3-4 times. Since the workpiece is machined from the tangential support during rotation of the spindle drum and the direction of movement of the part coincides with the direction of tangential feed, it becomes necessary to move the tangential support in this direction at a speed that allows to obtain an acceptable tangential feed. For this, as well as for reversing the tangential caliper to its original position, a separate motor (in the prototype, an electric motor) with a kinematic chain is required, and the number of additional drives for reversing the caliper is equal to the number of such calipers. The need for a sufficiently rapid movement of the tangential caliper and the limited length of this movement (only between two adjacent spindles) narrows its geometrical dimensions along the feed direction, which does not allow to place a large number and tools on the support, and since the tangential turning method is distinguished by small allowances for machining with one tool, and therefore, the need for a large number of tools, the machining of the part during rotation of the spindle drum requires the presence of as many tangential supports as possible, and therefore their special drives

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design of a multi-spindle lathe with additional turning of the part,

The goal is achieved in that in a multi-spindle lathe containing a spindle drum mounted rotatably in the machine body, spindles mounted rotatably in the spindle drum, a system of main calipers placed on the stationary parts of the machine body and a system of additional calipers, including guide and carriage

additional calipers are placed on the spindle drum, and against each of the spindles at least one additional caliper is placed, the guides of which are rigidly fixed to

0 to the spindle drum, and the carriage is mounted for movement along the guides and kinematically connected to the machine body by means of a cam mechanism inserted into the machine,

5 Such a multi-spindle lathe with a rotary spindle drum, the main turning of the workpiece on which is carried out by the radial turning method during the fixed position of the spindle drum, has a new technical property, which has made it possible to carry out additional turning of the part during turning the spindle drum by the radial turning method, using only the rotary drive available in the machine as an additional caliper drive a spindle drum, which allows the growth up0 structure spindle unit, dispose of the high-speed drive spindle, to dispose of the additional drive system of special supports, reduce the amount of cutting

5 tools, to simplify the cooling system of the machine, to get rid of the control couplings and tuning bodies of the system for connecting additional calipers, which simplifies the design of the proposed machine.

0 In FIG. 1 shows the spindle block and the system of additional transverse calipers (the system of the main calipers of the machine is conventionally not shown); figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; in FIG. 3 - view B (at the end

5 calipers with conditionally removed support of the carriage of the caliper).

The proposed machine includes a spindle unit 1, including spindles 2 mounted on rotation supports in the spindle

0 drum 3. The spindle block is mounted with the possibility of rotation in the bed of the housing 4 of the machine. The machine also contains a rotation mechanism of the spindle block, a mechanism for fixing the spindle block, as well as a system of main calipers,

5 each of which is placed against the corresponding spindle 2 on one of the stationary parts of the machine body. At the end of the spindle drum 3, from the side of the working space of the machine, against each of the spindles 2, respectively

an additional transverse support 5 is placed, so that its guides 6 are rigidly fixed to the end face of the spindle drum 3, the carriage 7 is slidably mounted on the guides 6 and connected to a pusher made in the form of a roller 8, rotatably mounted on the axis 9, which is rigidly fixed to the carriage 7 of the support 5. The roller 8, in turn, has the ability to interact with the fist 10, rigidly mounted on the housing 4 of the machine. An end stop 11 is rigidly fixed in front of the caliper 5 to the carriage 7, restricting the movement of the carriage 7 along the guides b to the maximum position away from the spindle 2, and a spring 12 is precompressed in the inner part of the caliper 5, one end of which interacts with the guide 6, and the other with the carriage 7, while the carriage 7 is resiliently held by the spring 12 in the end position set aside by the stop 11 from the spindle 2. The entire system of the drive mechanism for feeding the calipers 5 has an annular protective casing 13 mounted on the spindle drum 3 and covering the fists 10 and rollers 8 of the pushers of each of the calipers 5 from the side of the machine’s working space, while the external geometric shape of the carriage 7 is such that in any position of movement along the rails 6, it overlaps an opening in the axle guard 13. 9 pusher. The cutter 14 is rigidly fixed on the carriage 7, and the workpiece 15 is fixed in the spindle 2.

In the description of the proposed machine tool, the non-numbered parts and mechanisms of the machine in Figs. 1 and 2 are not conditionally shown, since their construction is known, traditional for this group of machines and does not have a fundamental meaning in essence of the invention.

In the case of execution of the proposed machine in the form of a multi-spindle turning bar machine, where the operation of cutting the part from the bar is selected as an additional part processing operation, the machine operates as follows. In the initial position, the spindle unit 1 is fixed by the locking mechanism relative to the machine body 4, the next part of the bar stock 15 is fed to position I, the carriages of the main calipers are pulled out of the cutting zone, the carriage 7 of the additional transverse caliper 5 in position I is in the outermost position from the spindle 2 - and is resiliently held in it by the spring 12 on the abutment 11. At the beginning of the processing cycle of the workpiece 15 in position 1, the main tool tool is quickly connected to the workpiece 15, the workpiece 15 is machined from these supports and on the end of the treatment, the rapid retraction.

After that, the spindle unit 1 is unlocked relative to the housing 4 and is rotated to the next machining position using the rotation mechanism. The aforementioned additional support 5 is also rotated together with the spindle unit 1 relative to the housing 4 and the fist 10 rigidly fixed on it. In this case, the roller 8, bumping the fist 10, through the axis 9 informs the carriage 7 of the support 5 of the forward movement along the guides 6 towards the spindle 2, the spring 12 is further compressed, and the cutter 14 gradually approaches the workpiece 15 and radially cuts into it to a certain depth.

0After the end of the rotation of the spindle block 1, as a result of which the workpiece 15 moves from position I to position II, for the next fixing of the spindle block, as usual, it is turned slightly backwards, while the roller 8 rolls along the cam 10 in the opposite direction as a result of which the spring 12, expanding, slightly diverts the carriage 7 with the caliper 14 from the workpiece 15, with

When necessary, the height of the fist 10 at the appropriate place is underestimated. After the spindle unit 1 is positioned and fixed in the housing bed 4 by the corresponding machine mechanisms, another 5 part of the workpiece processing cycle is carried out, which is not fundamentally different from the part of the cycle described above.

Thus, the workpiece 15 moves in position II to position III, from position III to

0 position IV. The last part of the workpiece processing cycle 15 differs from the previous ones in that during the rotation of the spindle unit 1 from position IV to position I, in its last phase,

5, the final part of the finished part 15 is removed from the said support 5, the roller 8 comes off the fist 10, the spring 12 extends as much as possible and moves the carriage 7 in the direction from spindle 2 to the stop 11 and further holds the carriage 7 on this stop. At the end of the rotation of the spindle unit 1, positioning it and fixing it with the corresponding mechanisms of the machine, the rod 15 is fed and clamped

5 next processing cycle.

The work of all additional calipers 5 is basically the same.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A multi-spindle lathe comprising a spindle drum rotatably mounted in a machine body, spindles rotatably mounted in a spindle drum, a system of main calipers placed on stationary parts of the machine body, and a system of additional calipers including a guide and carriage, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design, additional calipers are placed on the spinner at least one additional support against each of the spindles, the guides of which are rigidly fixed to the spindle drum, and the carriage is mounted for movement along the guides and kinematically connected to the machine body by means of a cam mechanism inserted into the machine. FIG. did B (fooled b tetg .