RU1779738C - Cutting-shearing drilling bit - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: rock cutting tool for drilling wells. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a drill bit comprises a hollow body, rock cutting elements, a hydrodynamic emitter. The hydrodynamic emitter is made in the form of a cylindrical swirl chamber with tangential inlet channels. The hydraulic nozzles are mounted coaxially. An ejection chamber is located between the nozzles, which is connected by means of a cylindrical tube to a hydrodynamic emitter. A cylindrical tube is mounted in the center of the cylindrical swirl chamber of the emitter. 2 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to a rock cutting tool, and in particular to cutting-chipping bits for drilling wells.

A drill bit is known in which sludge from stagnant zones 1 is removed by ejection.

The disadvantage of this bit is its low efficiency, because the effect of hydromonitor destruction is not used.

A drill bit containing a hollow body, rock cutting elements and a hydrodynamic emitter 2 is also known.

The disadvantage of this bit is that, improving the effectiveness of the action of the jet of washing liquid on the rock from the point of view of destruction, the conditions for the timely removal of the destroyed rock from the destruction zone due to the formation of stagnant zones are not provided.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the drill bit by improving cleaning and enhancing the discharge in the axial region of the emitter;

This goal is achieved in that the hydrodynamic emitter installed in the body of the drill bit is made in the form of a cylindrical swirl chamber with tangential inlet channels. In addition, the drill bit is provided with two hydromonitor nozzles mounted coaxially with an ejection chamber between them, which is connected by means of a cylindrical tube to a hydrodynamic emitter, the cylindrical tube being installed in the center of the cylindrical swirl chamber of the emitter.

The difference of the proposed invention from the prototype is that in the body of the drill bit mounted hydrodynamic emitters, made in the form

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with

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a cylindrical swirl chamber with tangential inlet channels, the emitter swirl chamber being connected in the center by means of a cylindrical tube mounted in the center and connected to an ejection chamber formed in the bit body between two nozzles mounted coaxially.

This difference makes it possible to recognize the claimed invention as meeting the criterion of novelty.

The present invention proposes a fundamentally new approach, eliminating the formation of stagnant zones at the bottom due to the use of jets having a swirling flow pattern. It is known that stagnation zones are not formed in the areas of interaction of two adjacent swirling jets. The latter makes it possible to ensure timely removal of the destroyed rock, to prevent secondary grinding of the sludge, and to generally improve the cleaning of the bottom of the well. Vortex-type hydrodynamic emitters, due to the discharge that occurs in the vortex chamber, provide a more intensive expansion of the flushing fluid stream (as compared with a conventional non-swirling stream), which transfers to the near-wall flow, which makes it possible to better wash the working surface of the bit. Moreover, enhancing the vacuum in the emitter swirl chamber by means of cylindrical tubes, jetting nozzles and an ejection chamber between them makes it possible to increase the emitter efficiency and overall drill bit efficiency.

Thus, substantial differences can be recognized as meeting the criteria of the claimed invention.

Figure 1 shows the drill bit, a section; figure 2 - section aa emitter.

The drill bit consists of a hollow body 1, reinforced with rock cutting elements, a hydrodynamic emitter 2 is located in the body (the number of them is selected, based on the drilling conditions: volume of pumped fluid, allowable pressure drop during pumping) and two hydraulic nozzles 3 with an ejection chamber 4 between them. The hydrodynamic emitter is a cylindrical swirl chamber with tangential inlet channels 5 (Fig. 2). A cylindrical tube 6 is installed in the center of the cylindrical swirl chamber of the emitter, the other end of which is connected to the ejection chamber 4. If the number of emitters is more than one, then the cylindrical

the tube b from each vortex chamber is connected to a common collector 7 (as shown in the drawing), from which the pipe is led to the ejection chamber 4. It is possible that for each emitter or group an ejection is provided by means of a separate pair of jetting nozzles with an ejection chamber. Drill bit works as follows

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When the bit rotates, an axial load is applied to it and a flushing fluid is supplied, which through tangential inlet channels 5 enters the swirl chamber of the hydrodynamic emitter 2, forming a peripheral swirling flow in the chamber, where a countercurrent of flushing fluid forms in the paraxial zone, causing pulsation of pressure of the fluid, affecting the face. The output of the jet emitter due to pulsations of the fluid pressure acts on the rock, causing the destruction and pre-destruction of the rock pre-destruction zones. The swirling nature of the flow of the jet at the exit from the emitter eliminates the possibility of the formation of stagnant zones, since no zones are formed in the areas of interaction of the swirling jets.

0 turbulence of the flow, which allows for better separation of the sludge, its timely removal from the bottom and allows for the prevention of secondary grinding. In addition, due to the swirling nature

In the flow of the flow in the swirl chamber of the hydrodynamic emitter in the axial zone, a rarefaction occurs, which provides a more intensive expansion of the flushing fluid stream (compared to a conventional non-swirling stream), which passes into the near-wall flow, which allows better washing of the working surface of the bit.

Another part of the flushing fluid supplied to the hollow body of the drill bit 5 enters the hydraulic monitor nozzle 3, which supplies this fluid to the subsequent hydraulic monitor nozzle, while a rarefaction is created in the ejection chamber 4, which enhances the rarefaction in the emulsion swirl chamber by means of the nozzle 8, collector 7 and cylindrical tubes 6. The additional rarefaction created by the chamber 4 allows, by increasing the rarefaction zone in the swirl chamber of the emitter 5, to increase its power and efficiency, thereby increasing ciency of the drill bit (increase mechanical drilling speed and penetration on bit). As a result of intensifying the operation of the emitter at its output, the amplitude of the pulsations of the liquid pressure increases, which makes it possible to more effectively tear the cuttings out of the bottom, and intensify the process of rock destruction and additional destruction.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A cutting-chipping drill bit, comprising a hollow body with hydrodynamic emitters, and reinforced with rock cutting elements, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of its operation, FIG. 7 0 By increasing the power of the emitter, it is equipped with an ejection unit made in the form of two nozzles mounted coaxially with a chamber between them, connected by means of a cylindrical tube with a hydrodynamic emitter, and the hydrodynamic emitter is made in the form of a cylindrical swirl chamber with tangential input channels, and a cylindrical tube is mounted in the center of the cylindrical swirl chamber. FIG. 2.