RU1778459C - Refrigerating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the refrigeration industry. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the refrigeration machine further comprises a heat exchanger, which is included in the unification line behind the MHD pump in the second stage, and a refrigeration chamber included in the liquid metal circuit through the design units, the MHD generator being filled with porous electrically conductive material and installed between the separator and heat exchanger. 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to refrigeration technology.

A refrigeration machine is known, comprising a refrigerant circulation circuit with a compressor, condenser, throttles (or expander) and an evaporator arranged in series on it.

The disadvantages of this machine include the high cost due to the need to manufacture high-precision elements of the flow part of the compressor and expander, as well as low cooling capacity due to the irreversible loss of mechanical energy of the working fluid during the adiabatic gas throttling process.

Closest to the proposed one is a refrigeration machine, including liquid metal and vapor-liquid circuits with an evaporator, on the common section of which there is a block for forming the bubble structure of the flow, MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) pumps of the first and second stages, a separator and an MHD generator, electrically connected with a MHD pump of the second stage, and on the vapor-liquid circuit in front of the evaporator there is a choke and a condenser.

The disadvantages of this machine include low cooling capacity due to the conversion of part of the potential energy of the refrigerant in the choke to heat, which is absorbed by the refrigerant itself, which leads to a decrease in the integral throttle effect.

An object of the invention is to increase the cooling capacity of a machine.

The goal is achieved in that in the known refrigeration machine, including liquid metal and vapor-liquid circuits with an evaporator, circulation circuits, in the common section of which there is a block for forming the bubble structure of the flow, MHD pumps of the first and second stages, a separator and an MHD generator electrically connected to MHD pump of the second stage, in a common area for both circuits

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The second stage MHD pump has a heat exchanger, an MHD generator and a separator installed in series, while a refrigeration chamber is additionally installed on the liquid metal circuit, while the MHD generator is filled with porous electrically conductive material

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the proposed machine for producing cold.

The machine contains two circulation circuits: liquid metal (gallium-indium eutectic) circuit 1, refrigerant circuit 2, for example ammonia. In general, for both circuits, section 3, a unit 4 for forming a piston flow structure, a magnetohydrodynamic (hereinafter MHD) pump 5 of the first stage, an MHD pump 6 of the second stage, a heat exchanger 7 for cooling the compressed mixture to ambient temperature, are installed vertically mounted MHD generator 8 filled with porous material with electrically conductive properties, for example, titanium sponge, gravity separator 9.

A refrigeration chamber 10 is installed on the liquid metal circulation circuit 1 behind the separator 9, and a choke 11 and an evaporator 12 are installed on the circulation circuit 2 after the separator 9 along the flow of the refrigerant.

The throttle installation is only provided that the refrigerant pressure is excessive at the outlet of the separator and that it needs to be re-cooled. If the operation mode of the MHD generator is such that the pressure of the two-phase flow is fully activated in the MHD generator, then there is no need to install a throttle 11 - in this case, the refrigerant is directly directed to the evaporator 12. The current generated by the MHD generator is directed to the power of the MHD pump the second stage, the MHD pump of the 1st stage consumes power from an external source 13. At the input to the forming unit 4, control chokes 14 and 15 of a predetermined differential pressure in the flows are installed on both circuits.

A machine for producing cold works as follows.

In the initial state, the system is filled with liquid metal and refrigerant with closed valves 14 and 15. After switching on the MHD pump 5 of the first stage, the throttles

14 and 15 adjust the specific metal and refrigerant flow rates. In the forming unit 4, a bubble mixture is formed which is supplied to the MHD pump 5 and the MHD pump 6. B

In the HD pumps, the pressure in the mixture rises and it heats up. The mixture is then fed to a heat exchanger 7, where its temperature drops to ambient temperature. A high pressure cooled liquid metal refrigerant mixture is supplied to the lower part of the porous vertical MHD generator 8. Here, the refrigerant is expanded to perform external work, as well as the recovery of energy from the mechanical energy of the liquid metal current. As a result of this process, refrigerant and liquid metal are cooled. Electric energy

The MHD generator through the transformation unit (not shown in the drawing) is fed to the MHD pump of the second stage, and the mixture enters the separator 9, where the refrigerant is separated from the liquid metal.

The liquid metal is sent to circuit 1 to the refrigeration chamber 10, and the refrigerant along circuit 2 to the evaporator 12. In the refrigeration chamber 10 and evaporator 12, heat is taken from the cooled bodies, after which

both streams are redirected to the forming unit 4 and the cycle is thus closed.

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Claims (1)

The claims A refrigeration machine containing liquid metal and vapor-liquid circuits with an evaporator, in the connecting line of which are included a unit for forming a bubble structure of the flow, a separator, MHD pumps of the first and second stages, an MHD generator electrically connected to the MHD pump of the second stage, characterized in that, for the purpose of To increase the cooling capacity, the machine additionally contains a heat exchanger, which is included in the unification line behind the MHD pump of the second stage, and a cooling chamber, which is included in the liquid metal circuit in front of the unit for forming the bubble structure of the flow, while the MHD generator is filled with porous electrically conductive material and installed between the separator and heat exchanger.