RU1778333C - Method of operation of internal combustion engine with liquid cooling system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is as follows. Oxygen is obtained in the reaction volume by mixing the solid oxygen carrier and heated water from the liquid cooling system to form gaseous oxygen and a solid phase, the latter are brought into contact with the exhaust gases, separating and removing the solid phase, and the gas mixture is cooled by the remaining part of the heated water from the cooling system moreover, the supply of oxygen carrier and heated water from the cooling system is metered in proportion to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases and the load on the engine the mind is oppositely moving streams. 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and can be used in the design of power plants for underwater vehicles for working in a submerged position, as well as emergency and rescue equipment in the mining industry and special equipment for emergency recovery work in conditions of abnormal atmosphere or closed volumes

There is a known method of operating an internal combustion engine, in which its exhaust gases (OG) are cooled by contact with liquid refrigerant to condense water vapor, cleaned of carbon dioxide with an absorbent solution, enriched with oxygen and fed to the inlet (into the combustion chamber) of the engine to burn fuel . To implement the method, absorbent and gaseous oxygen are stored.

The disadvantages of the method are the large dimensions of the auxiliary systems for its implementation, the complexity and, consequently, the low reliability of the process control system, increased explosion and bed hazard.

There is a known method of operating an internal combustion engine, in which the engine exhaust gas is cooled non-contact in a recuperative heat exchanger to condense water vapor and is introduced in contact with a solid oxygen carrier to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen to replenish the exhaust gas before being fed into the engine to produce an artificial gas mixture ( GCI). The oxygen concentration in the gas supply system is controlled by changing the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the contact by an oxygen carrier, according to the signal on the oxygen concentration at the engine inlet.

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The disadvantages of the method are its low reliability due to the impossibility of high-quality control of the process of obtaining oxygen from a solid oxygen carrier in transient conditions due to the high inertia of the gas path and oxygen analyzer, as well as increased explosion and fire hazard due to the possibility of the engine operating on IS with low oxygen concentrations at load surges and increased during discharge.

There is also known a method of operating an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system adopted by the authors for a prototype in which the exhaust gases are cooled and at least a portion of the exhaust gases of the engine are sent to the compressor for compression, subsequent cooling in the refrigerator and removal from their composition COa in the liquid phase in the separator. Exhaust gases free of CO2. they are mixed with oxygen evaporated from the tank and fed to a control valve and then mixed with the remaining exhaust gases, heated in a heater and fed to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. Hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the engine from the tank through a flow meter that provides a signal corresponding to the fuel consumption to the controller. The latter also receives a signal from the sensor corresponding to the oxygen content in the gas mixture. The controller adjusts the oxygen consumption according to the fuel consumption.

The disadvantages of the method include the following.

The efficiency of the method is low as a result of the production of gaseous oxygen by evaporation from a liquid state, which requires significant energy expenditures for cooling the stocks of reduced oxygen, the presence of leaks during storage, the possibility of ignition in the storage room when it reaches elevated oxygen concentrations, and also the cooling of the gas mixture after mixing with oxygen; low efficiency of the method as a result of energy costs for processing at least part of the exhaust gases due to its compression in the compressor, followed by cooling and removal of C0, g from the system; low efficiency of the method due to the impossibility of quality control of the process of obtaining gaseous oxygen from a liquefied state in transition modes due to the large inertia of the reservoir with a supply of liquid oxygen and the need for a receiver of gaseous oxygen of increased capacity in order to smooth out pressure pulsations therein; the absence of a high-speed sensor of the oxygen analyzer reduces the efficiency of the method due to possible significant deviations from the norm of the concentration of oxygen in the gas mixture.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method.

The goal is achieved in that

oxygen is obtained in the reaction volume

 by mixing the solid oxygen carrier and heated water from the liquid cooling system with the formation of gaseous oxygen and a solid phase, the latter are brought into contact with the exhaust gases, separating and removing the solid phase, and the gas mixture is cooled by the remaining part of the heated water from the cooling system, and the supply oxygen carrier and heated water from the cooling system are metered in proportion to the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust

5 gases and engine loads with two oppositely moving streams.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

In order to obtain gaseous oxygen, a solid oxygen carrier is decomposed in a reaction volume by a hydrolytic method using a part of a stream of water cooling the engine. Water is fed uniformly into the reaction volume

5 distributed ascending flows in an amount that ensures the complete decomposition of the amount of oxygen carrier required for a given load according to the stoichiometric equation and the removal of reaction products by descending flows under the action of oxygen pressure and gravitational forces generated in the reaction volume, and the solid oxygen carrier (TSC) - downstream force flow

5 gravity as it is consumed. The resulting solid and gaseous reaction products, as they are removed from the reaction volume, are brought into contact with high-temperature exhaust gas engines, chemically bonding carbon dioxide and partially absorbing the moisture contained in the combustion products. Then, the solid phase is separated from the exhaust gas, and the gas phase, including oxygen, the GHS filler, and

5, the remaining water vapor is contacted cooled by the remaining part of the engine cooling water stream, lowering the temperature of the gas mixture to a predetermined value and condensing the moisture contained therein. After that, the gas mixture is fed to the engine inlet, and the spent water and condensate are returned to the cooling system. The consumption of water for the decomposition of TKN is additionally adjusted by the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas after diesel.

For a specific type of TK, for example, potassium superoxide (KCte). The reactions for producing gaseous oxygen and chemical bonding of carbon dioxide are carried out according to the following stoichiometric equations:

2 K02 + H20 2 KOH + 3/2 02, (1)

2 KOH + CO2 - K2CO3 pN20 + H20. (2)

The drawing shows an installation that implements the proposed method.

The installation includes an engine 1 with an electric generator 2, an exhaust manifold 3, a mixer 4. the outlet pipe 5 of the reactor 6 s is connected to the last hopper 7, a separator 8, a solid phase removal pipe 9, a solid phase collection hopper 10, an artificial gas mixture pipe 11, contact cooler 12, nozzle 13, circulating water pump 14 of the internal engine cooling circuit, water cooler 15 of the internal circuit, pipe 16 for supplying chilled water to the engine, pipe 17 for supplying water to the reactor, water flow regulator s 18, load sensor 19, oxygen analyzer sensor 20, fuel tank 21 with a pipe 22 for supplying fuel to the engine.

The installation works using K02 as follows.

The exhaust gases of the engine 1, operating with a certain load, measured by the load sensor 19 on the electric generator 2, are directed through the exhaust manifold 3 to one of the inputs of the mixer 4. To the second input of the mixer 4 through a pipe 5 from the reactor 6 is sent a mixture of gaseous oxygen and solid phase (alkali). The amount of oxygen and alkali is determined by the load on the engine 1 and is adjusted by the sensor of the oxygen analyzer 20 in the exhaust gases of the engine 1 and is regulated by the amount of water entering the reactor b through the water flow regulator 18. The solid oxygen carrier from the hopper 7 enters the reactor 6 under the action of forces gravity as it is consumed in reactor 6. The decomposition products of TCH having a temperature above 100 ° C are introduced into the stream of hot (150 ... 550 ° C) exhaust gases accelerated to 120 m / s. As a result of mixing, a developed phase contact surface is formed and, in accordance with equation (2), carbon dioxide and other products of combustion are absorbed from the exhaust gas composition, as well as partially water vapor. In the separator 8, the solid phase is separated and removed into the hopper 10 from the artificial gas mixture enriched 5 in the mixer 4 with oxygen. After that, the GHS in the contact cooler 12 is cooled to the required temperature by the main stream of water through the nozzle 13 from the cooling system and taken to the suction of the engine. The heated water from the contact cooler 12 is drawn in by a circulation pump 14 kinematically connected to the crankshaft of the engine and sent to the engine cooling system. Heated

5, water is sent to the pipe 16 through a cooler 15 to a contact cooler 12, and the remaining part of the water is sent through a pipe 17 to the water flow regulator 18 and then to the reactor 6. According to equations (1) and (2) as a result of chemical reactions and taking into account the water generated by burning organic fuel supplied to the engine from

5 of the fuel tank 21 through the pipe 22, the water in the gas circuit is formed slightly more than is spent on decomposition of the TSC in the reactor 6. The excess water is removed to the bunker-10 in the form of K2COz crystalline hydrates

0 n H20.

In this way, a material balance is maintained in the gas and liquid circuits, which ensures the stability and efficiency of the engine. Increase

5, the effectiveness of the method is also achieved by producing gaseous oxygen from solid oxygen carriers having low inertia when mixed with hot water; branches

0 and the removal of CO2 in a chemically bonded form, which requires significantly less energy: regulated by water depending on the load of the decomposition of TCH with correction of its flow rate according to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases of the engine.

Claims (1)

The claims The method of operation of the internal combustion engine 0 with a liquid cooling system by introducing into the cylinder a fresh charge consisting of fuel and an artificial gas mixture containing oxygen, compressing, burning and exhausting from the cylinder 5 exhaust gases, the artificial gas mixture being obtained from carbon dioxide and water vapor of exhaust gases and their enrichment with oxygen, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency, oxygen is obtained in the reaction volume by mixing solid oxygen carrier and heated water from the liquid cooling system with the formation of gaseous oxygen and a solid phase, the latter is brought into contact with the exhaust gases, separating and removing the solid phase, and the gas mixture is cooled with the remainder of the heated iodine from the cooling system, while the supply of oxygen carrier and heated water from the cooling system they are carried out dosed depending on the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases and the engine load with two oppositely moving streams.