RU1777937C - Adsorber - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: purification and drying of gases with adsorbents. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: an adsorber includes a housing with vertical absorbent layers and screens located in it, the layers being made with a ratio of heights Hi / Ha 2tZ and thicknesses 61/62 0.5f1, and the screens are made of two truncated cones interconnected by large bases and are located coaxially with the absorber layer. 7 ill. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to adsorption gas purification, namely, air purification for ASU.

Carbon dioxide is one of the main components in the integrated air purification of ASUs. Moisture in the air affects the efficiency of carbon dioxide purification.

Active alumina is used to purify moisture from the air, and zeolite is used to purify carbon dioxide.

A device for adsorptive gas purification is known containing adsorbent layers and screens located in the housing.

The disadvantage of this device is that when the layers are arranged in parallel, the first active alumina layer along the air does not work efficiently and its adsorption capacity is not fully used. In this regard, the amount of adsorbent is taken in excess. In addition, there is no uniform distribution of air over the height of the layer, because an uneven velocity front is formed in the channel between the housing and the layer, which is due to a decrease in air flow

during its movement and the channel between the body and the layer from the bottom up. Thus, the lower layers of the adsorbent are more loaded with a stream of air and lose their protective effect faster, which also reduces the efficiency of use of the adsorbent and the entire cleaning process. Along with this, with parallel arrangement of layers for high-capacity adsorbers, the outer diameter increases and the apparatus becomes non-transportable.

Closest to the claimed is an adsorber comprising vertical adsorbent layers and a screen located in the housing. In the indicated adsorber, the lower layer is in the form of a cone and has a constant layer thickness and is partially surrounded by gas permeable walls. The screen is made only between the lower layer and the body.

The disadvantage of this adsorber is that it does not provide a uniform flow distribution over the height of the zeolite layer, because the lower part of the layer is more loaded, and the upper one is less loaded with air flow.

With

with

Xi

xj

Xi

Che 00 xj

This is explained by the fact that when the air enters the channel between the body and the zeolite layer, an uneven velocity front is formed, this leads to the fact that the lower layer is faster than the upper one filled with air impurities and, in general, the adsorbent layer does not work efficiently. In the adsorber, the free volume of the adsorber is not rationally used, since a small amount of adsorbent is placed in the lower adsorption layer, made in the form of a cone, of which a significant part is not involved in the work. With a high capacity of adsorbers, the dimensions of the housing become non-transportable.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the cleaning process by uniformly distributing the air flow over the layers of adsorbents while maintaining transportable dimensions.

This goal is achieved in that in an adsorber containing a housing with vertically arranged adsorbent layers and screens, the layers are made with a ratio of heights Hi / Ha from 2 to 3 and with a thickness of Bi / B2 layers from 0.5 to 1, and the screens made of two truncated cones interconnected by large bases and installed concentrically with adsorbent layers.

Channels of equal speeds are formed between the screens and adsorbent layers.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the adsorber; figure 2 shows the dimensions of the layers of adsorbents at H1 / H2 1, Bi / B2 0.25; Fig. 3 shows the sizes of adsorbent layers for the ratios Hi / H2 2, Bi / B2 0.5; figure 4 is the same with Hi / Ha 3, Bi / B2 1; figure 5 is the same with Hi / H2 4, 61/82 1,5; Fig. b-node I in Fig. 1 (connection node for cones 7 and 8); in Fig.7 - node II in Fig.1.

The adsorber consists of a housing 1 with nozzles 2 for the inlet of the working stream and nozzle 3 for the outlet of the working stream, the upper layer 4 of adsorbent, for example, zeolite with a height Hi and thickness BL and the lower layer 5, for example, aluminum gel, height H and thickness B2. A heat shield b, consisting of a lower truncated cone 7 and an upper truncated cone 8, interconnected by large bases. Equal-velocity channels 9 and 10 are formed between the screen 6 and layers 4 and 5, the equal-velocity channel 11 is formed by a pipe 12 for backfilling the lower layer 5. The grilles 13 support adsorbent layers made of perforated shells and provided with grids 14.

The adsorber works as follows.

An air stream at a temperature of 5 ° C, containing water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, through the nozzle 2 is evenly distributed over the lower adsorbent layer. In the lower layer, adsorption purification of air from water vapor occurs. Purified from water vapor, the air stream leaves the lower layer, passes through the channel 10 of equal speeds formed by thermal

screen 7, enters the channel 9, formed by the screen 8, and is evenly distributed over the upper layer, where it is cleaned of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, passes through the channel 11 equal speeds, formed by a conical pipe 12 for backfilling the lower layer and is removed from the adsorber through the pipe 3 . During regeneration, the flow of regenerating gas passes countercurrent to the air flow and desorbs the absorbed impurities. The heat shields 7 and 8 prevent heating of the housing 1, thereby reducing heat loss.

The implementation of the heat shield according to the invention allows the supply of the working stream to be made by channels of equal speeds. Between the adsorption layer and the heat shield, a channel of equal speeds of triangular cross section is formed in which the air flow is uniformly distributed along the height of the layer, which makes it possible to evenly distribute the flow along the adsorption surface, thereby increasing the efficiency of adsorption and reducing the dimensions. The table shows the data about the zone.

the use of a layer of active alumina in% depending on the ratio of the heights Нч and Н2 and the thickness of the layers Bi and В2, adsorbents and the corresponding volume ratios Vi of active alumina and

V2 - zeolite.

A zeolite layer thickness of H 1 m is necessary to ensure that carbon dioxide is removed from the air. With a Hi / H2 ratio of 1, the layer is fully used.

active alumina when 61/62 0.25, which corresponds to Vi / V2 0.3. For other ratios: at 100% use, a layer of active alumina at W / Na 2; Bi / B2 0.5; Vi / V2 0.25;

when H1 / H2 3; B1 / B2 1; Vi / V2 0.34; at Hi / H2 4; 61/62 1.5; Vi / V2 0.36.

The ratios given are illustrated in Figures 2,3,4,5. Figure 2 shows the dimensions of the adsorbent layers at Hi / H2 1, 61/82 0.25. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the layers are irrationally formed, the adsorbers have a considerable length, which causes an uneven distribution of the flow along the height of the layer.

Figs. 3 and 4 show the sizes of adsorbent layers at a Hi / H2 ratio of 2.3. In this case, the layers are made proportionally, which makes it possible to evenly distribute the flow along the height of the adsorbent layer and effective cleaning is ensured, respectively, at ratios 81/82 of 0.5 and 1.

Figure 5 shows that when the ratio of H1 / H2 4 and BI / B2 of 1.5 (for ratios that provide effective cleaning, there is a decrease in the cross section of the adsorbent cavity at the air inlet), which leads to an uneven distribution of flow in the lower layer, increasing the hydraulic - resistance, and, consequently, increased energy costs for cleaning.

Thus, the ratios L / Na 2 and 3 and Bi / Ba are 0.5 and 1, respectively, for which efficient cleaning is ensured. In addition, at these ratios there is a minimum Vi / Va ratio of 0.23 and 0.30, respectively, which ensures minimal energy consumption for heating and cooling

adsorption of adsorbent. In addition, thermal screens made in the form of truncated cones forming equal-velocity channels, interconnected by large bases and installed concentrically to the layers with the accepted layer size ratios, ensure uniform distribution of the air flow over the layer height, which is so It also improves cleaning efficiency.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An adsorber comprising vertical adsorbent layers installed in a housing, screens and process nozzles, characterized in that that, in order to increase the efficiency of the cleaning process by uniformly distributing the air flow over the adsorbent layers while maintaining transportable dimensions, the layers are made with a ratio of heights Zh / Na 2-3 and thicknesses Bi / B2 0.5-1.0, and the screens are made two truncated cones interconnected by large bases and arranged coaxially with adsorbent layers, L Fig.Z Fig 4 s 1777937 FIG. 5 s