RU1775534C - Sewerage differential - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to sewerage, in particular to devices for removing liquid waste from populated areas, and can be used to collect and transport them with deep-laid collectors. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a differential comprises a supply manifold with gates, a vertical shaft, a dividing wall, and differential steps arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Vertical air channels are located in the dividing wall, connecting all the step spaces with each other through openings made in the dividing wall under each stage. 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to a sewage system, and in particular, to devices for removing liquid waste from populated areas, can be used to collect and transport it with deep-laid collectors.

Various designs of sewer multi-stage drops are known, containing a shaft of circular or rectangular (in plan) shape with a bottom and an overlap, supplying shallow-laying and taking-off deeply-laid collectors located along the height of the stage shaft.

These differences ensure the passage of a large amount of wastewater and a high degree of damping of the energy of the incident liquid.

However, there are drawbacks to multistage differences, namely: they do not allow a routine inspection of the condition of the mines and their repair during clogging. In addition, the effluent entering the differential can degrade the mode of motion by creating a vacuum under the steps at a pressureless mode and create air plugs (i.e., an accumulation of air and gases under the steps). with a large flow of liquid into the differential. When a vacuum is formed, the air will occasionally break through the stage and at the same time cause vibration, leading to the destruction of the differential.

Of the known multi-stage drops, the closest is a sewer drop, consisting of a round shaft in plan, divided by partitions into two sections. Between the sections there is a special compartment for accommodating ventilation racks, separate for each stage, and an electronic device. mine maintenance hoist. In sections, steps are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, through which water enters through a drop into a deep-laid tunnel manifold.

This difference allows for preventive maintenance of the mine and its repair in the event of clogging, but is unreliable in operation since air is supplied under the steps when small

(L

WITH

h

x ate at

fluid consumption. In addition, the following drawbacks are inherent in this difference: air is supplied through ventilation racks located in a special service compartment arranged for them in the mine; for each step there is a hundred to;

ventilation racks require additional material costs (usually metal), operational (repair, observation) and energy (operation of fans supplying air under the steps);

ventilation racks, access to the surface, require the construction of air intake devices, the placement of which requires the premises necessary for the installation of fans;

air supply under the steps is provided only when a vacuum is created under the steps. In a different mode of operation of the differential, the fans are switched off, but not immediately, and this leads to the artificial formation of air jams and the deterioration of the operation of the differential. In addition, the air and gases accumulated under the steps will rush upward through the ventilation stacks and, upon reaching the surface, will create a stench around the shaft, which is not permissible by sanitary standards;

To accommodate the ventilation racks, it is necessary to provide a special service compartment, part of which serves for the elevator device. The service compartment occupies 1/3 of the useful area of the differential, which significantly reduces the main advantage of multi-stage differences - the ability to pass a large amount of wastewater through the differential. The construction of such a difference is not economically viable;

the device of the lift in the service compartment is not economically justified for the following reasons;

firstly, the lift must be electrically powered to quickly raise people to the surface from great depths when the water level in the shaft suddenly rises when the pumps are stopped at pumping stations;

secondly, for the operation of the elevator it is necessary to arrange a lot of metal devices (guides from the channel, I-beam, etc.) to lay a strong electric. cable etc. The lift itself must be made reliable and safe in accordance with safety regulations;

thirdly, for the safe descent of people, the service compartment must have a connection

a ventilation system throughout the entire depth to eliminate poisoning of workers.

All this will require reliable technical equipment that will operate in difficult gas and air conditions and frequent flooding, which happens quite often on sewer networks. Such working conditions will in turn require regular repair of lifting devices.

and a significant increase in the cost of the differential.

A surface is required for lifting devices on the surface, which leads to the limited construction of such crossings in the urban area.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the overflow structure by providing stable pressure under the steps.

0 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a multi-stage sewer, containing a vertical shaft with steps set in height in a checkerboard pattern and a dividing wall,

5 vertical channels for air supply under the steps, inlet and outlet manifolds, bottom and floor, vertical channels are placed in the dividing wall, made open from below and with

0 openings in the upper part and under each of the steps of the vertical shaft.

The proposed multistage differential design has the following advantages:

5 does not require material costs for the installation of ventilation ducts, their repair and replacement, because they are carried out in the wall. This leads, on the contrary, to the saving of concrete;

0 provides quick self-regulation of air pressure in the exposed spaces by combining them with the help of air inlets and common ventilation ducts;

5 corresponds to sanitary requirements, as does not cause stench around the mine, because the air channels do not reach the surface of the earth, and therefore construction of air intake structures is not required;

leads to savings in email. energy, because air intake is due to the discharge created by the moving fluid;

5, reliability of the differential is ensured under all operating conditions, including mine flooding;

there is no need for a service compartment device to accommodate ventilation racks, which would lead to a decrease in the usable area of the differential and, consequently, to a decrease in throughput.

In addition, the proposed multistage differential is simple in design and operation, reliable in operation and very economical, because it does not require the construction of a service compartment for ventilation racks and other engineering structures, which complicate the construction and increase the cost of an already expensive construction.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a sewer multi-stage differential; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 2.

A multi-stage sewer consists of a supply manifold 1, divided into two parts, gates 2, a vertical shaft 3, divided into two sections, a separation wall 4, overflow stages 5, a discharge deep-laid collector 6, air channels 7 open from below and with openings 8 in the upper part and under each of the steps of the overflow shaft.

The proposed differential design works as follows.

Wastewater from the inlet collector 1. structurally divided into two parts, enters the shaft 3. The shaft 3 is divided into two parts due to the presence of the dividing wall 4, allowing for the duration of the inspection of the shaft by blocking all wastewater from the supply branches with a gate 2 divert through the other half of the differential, which is very convenient when inspecting and repairing the mine.

The wastewater, pada at stage 5, extinguishes its speed and thereby reduces the hydrodynamic load on the design of the differential and especially on the bottom of the differential.

The waste fluid during its movement in the differential in the non-pressure mode creates a zone of pulsating vacuum under the steps, which causes air to flow through the openings 8 either from the bottom of the shaft or from the upper through the air channels 7, which eliminates the vacuum under the steps and establishes a constant pressure and therefore, vibration and structural failure of the differential are eliminated.

In the case of a large flow of liquid into the differential, the air entrained by the liquid and the gases released from it accumulate under the steps can create air plugs that impede the free flow of liquid and impair the capacity of the differential, but due to the presence of air channels 7 and openings 8 connecting the staged space with channels, the air-gas mixture accumulating from the air will enter the deep-seated manifold b, which ensures stable pressure under the steps, and therefore uniform e flow through the waste liquid drop, and reliability of the overall differential.

In the event of a mine flooding, the air-gas mixture accumulating from the step space will be removed through the air channels and upper openings to the top of the shaft, and the pressure in the step space will always be stable and therefore the differential operation will not deteriorate.

In addition, this design, providing a uniform flow of fluid through the differential, will allow pumping stations to work without significant overloads, causing the waste of additional electricity,

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A sewer drop comprising a vertical shaft with staggered steps and a dividing wall, vertical ducts for supplying air under the steps, supply and exhaust manifolds, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability by stable pressure under the steps, vertical channels are placed in the dividing wall, made open below and with openings in the upper part and under each of the steps of the vertical shaft.